便携式近红外光谱对层状硅酸盐矿物结构及成因探讨

采用ore XpressTM便携式矿物分析仪获取了高岭石、蛇纹石、滑石、叶腊石、白云母五种层状硅酸盐的近红外光谱谱图,运用矿物学和近红外光谱原理研究发现:二八面体型层状硅酸盐由于八面体空隙的存在,使谱图上1400nm和1900nm附近处的吸收峰强度要强于三八面体型层状硅酸盐的吸收峰强度,并且二八面体型层状硅酸盐的结构单元层是1:1型,因此氢键效应会加剧这种作用;结构单元层类型相同的层状硅酸盐,因八面体片中的阳离子电负性不同,会使金属一羟基叠加峰峰位发生偏移;过渡离子的存在,会使吸收峰的峰强和峰形产生异常;利用不同矿物晶格中分子、离子吸收不同能量的光子后,会在图谱上表现出不同的吸收特征,可反映出样品的矿物类型、结晶度、含水量等信息。     

阴离子捕收剂浮选分离一水硬铝石与高岭石的表面晶体化学

铝土矿正浮选实践中,常采用脂肪酸阴离子捕收剂(如油酸)选择性分离一水硬铝石和高岭石等铝硅酸盐矿物。矿物表面晶体化学特性是产生选择性浮选分离的决定性因素。笔者研究了油酸钠(Na OL)浮选体系中一水硬铝石和高岭石的可浮性,发现一水硬铝石可浮性明显好于高岭石。红外光谱分析表明,矿物表面Al质点与油酸的羧酸基团发生化学吸附作用。借助Materials Studio软件分别计算了2种矿物常见晶面的单位面积断裂键数,并计算了矿物晶面/捕收剂的作用能。计算分析发现,矿物晶面单位面积断裂键数以及与油酸根离子相互作用能大小存在差异,具体为:一水硬铝石(100)(001)(010),而高岭石(010)(110)(001),而且油酸与一水硬铝石3个晶面的的作用皆强于高岭石。矿物晶体晶面的Al-O断裂键数不同导致油酸作用下高岭石和一水硬铝石的可浮性差异。     

一种罕见的纤维状膨胀绿泥石的矿物学特征

概 述 绿泥石族矿物为2:1:1型(或2:2型)层状结构硅酸盐矿物,类质同象置换现象很普遍,层电荷不定,分类十分复杂。其结构由似云母层(2:1)和似水镁石层交替组成。按八面体阳离子充填情况分为二八面体型、三八面体型以及二八-三八面体型。按八面体中阳离子种类可形成不同类型的绿泥石种属。     

一种罕见的纤维状膨胀绿泥石的矿物学特征

概述绿泥石族矿物为2∶1∶1型(或2∶2型)层状结构硅酸盐矿物,类质同象置换现象很普遍,层电荷不定,分类十分复杂。其结构由似云母层(2∶1)和似水镁石层交替组成。按八面体阳离子充填情况分为二八面体型、三八面体型以及二八-三八面体型。按八面体中阳离子种类可形成不同类型的绿泥石种属。一般认为膨胀绿泥石(Swelling Chlori-     

松嫩平原苏打盐渍土表层土壤黏粒矿物的组成分析

以松嫩平原内的前郭和大安两地苏打盐渍土表层土壤为供试土壤,采用Rigaku RIX 2000型荧光光谱仪和XRD—7000衍射仪,对土壤黏粒矿物组成进行了分析。结果表明:表层土壤黏粒(2μm)化学组成均以SiO_2、Al_2O_3和Fe2O3为主,其SiO_2/Al_2O_3 4,土壤风化脱硅作用较弱;土壤黏粒以2∶1型层状铝硅酸盐矿物为主,含有蒙脱石、伊利石—蒙脱石混层矿物、伊利石、伊利石—白云母混层矿物、蛭石、1∶1型层状铝硅酸盐高岭石以及少量2∶1∶1型绿泥石和石英及1.42 nm间层矿物。苏打盐渍土处于风化脱K作用阶段,土壤中混层及间层矿物较多,以蛭石—绿泥石、蒙脱石—绿泥石过渡矿物为主,为二八面体白云母和二八面体蒙脱石混层矿物。水田利用可使土壤黏粒中绿泥石增加,改善苏打盐渍土不良的结构。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘泥质岩黏土矿物特征及其地质意义

为研究鄂尔多斯盆地东缘石炭-二叠纪古气候特征及其与成煤作用之间的关系,利用X射线衍射（XRD）及扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对研究区石炭-二叠系泥质岩中的黏土矿物组成及其环境意义进行分析。结果显示,区内泥质岩中黏土矿物主要以高岭石、伊利石/蒙皂石混层矿物为主,次为伊利石和绿泥石。黏土矿物的垂向组合特征表现为:高岭石在桥头剖面、扒楼沟剖面和成家庄剖面山西组,桥头剖面太原组底部、成家庄剖面太原组上部及本溪组中部含量偏高。伊利石在各个剖面的山西组中含量较高,绿泥石仅在山西组中上部、太原组下部含量较高。扫描电镜下黏土矿物晶体形态规则,未见明显磨蚀痕迹,伊利石结晶度为0.42°△2θ~0.63°△2θ,平均值为0.47°△2θ,结晶度较好,混层比相对质量分数平均值25.1%,表现为自生黏土矿物。根据自生黏土矿物的习性指出研究区古气候总体表现为温暖潮湿、间或在太原组早期和山西组中-晚期伴有短周期干冷气候。古气候与沉积环境两者相互印证指示聚煤作用强度的变化过程,是控制研究区内聚煤作用的关键因素。      

高岭石和伊利石的固体酸性受热处理温度的影响及其机理

高岭石([Al4(Si4O10)(OH)8])和伊利石(K0.75(Al1.75R0.252+)[Si3.5Al0.5O10](OH)2)是自然界常见的、具有结构代表性的两种层状硅酸盐矿物。高岭石由硅氧四面体片和铝氧八面体片按1∶1方式组成的结构单元层沿c轴方向排列而成,其片     

山西晋城和阳泉地区石炭系太原组铵伊利石矿物特征及成因

铵伊利石是伊利石层间域的K+被NH+4替代而形成的类质同象.文中运用X射线衍射分析、傅里叶红外光谱分析以及热重—热流—红外光谱同步分析等手段,对山西晋城及阳泉地区的15号煤层夹矸及煤中矿物进行了研究,发现15号煤层夹矸和煤低温灰中黏土矿物以铵伊利石和高岭石为主,铵伊利石含量为21％～74％;X射线衍射图谱上d(001)...     

五氯苯酚在矿物表面吸附——实验、表面反应模式及其环境意义

利用批量平衡技术研究了石英、高岭石、伊利石、蒙脱石和铁氧化物对五氯苯酚(PCP)吸附的pH关系等温线和浓度关系等温线,发现所有矿物的pH关系等温线都表现出典型的峰形曲线特征,峰位在pH=5～6之间,依矿物不同而不同。基于矿物表面羟基位化合态和PCP的化合态考虑,提出一种包含表面络合反应和表面静电吸附反应的模式,对pH关系等温线计算拟合发现有很好的相关性。模式计算还表明,石英和层状硅酸盐矿物对PCP吸附以表面络合反应为主,而氧化铁矿物则包含表面络合反应和表面静电吸附反应,但以后者占主导,其反应平衡常数比前者大1～3个数量级。高岭石和氧化铁矿物的浓度吸附等温线可用Langmuir方程很好拟合,最大吸附量的大小顺序是赤铁矿>纤铁矿>针铁矿>高岭石>石英>蒙脱石≈伊利石,并可以用矿物表面羟基位浓度和反应机制加以解释。PCP在矿物表面可观的吸附量说明矿物表面吸附对憎水性可离解有机化合物(HIOCs)在天然水相体系和沉积中的迁移转化过程起着相当重要的作用。     

右江中生代极低级变质带的变质变形过程

右江中生代三叠系槽盆相浊流沉积岩系遭受了区域强烈变形和极低级变质作用，伊利石结晶度指数为０．３３１°～０．２６５°△２θ，属于浅层或近变质带；在野外和光学显微镜观察基础上，运用Ｘ射线衍射、透射电镜及电子探针等现代测试技术，对绿泥石－白云母堆垛集合体、细粒基质层状硅酸盐矿物的化学成分及结构进行了详细研究，指出绿泥石－白云母堆垛的碎屑成因及母矿物的变质过程；强调右江中生代极低级变质带具有板内造山带的构造变形特征     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with