分频解释技术在岩性储层描述中的应用

基于短时窗离散傅立叶变换或最大熵方法的分频解释技术,实现了在频率域内对扫描频率所对应的调谐振幅进行分析,排除了时间域内不同频率成份的相互干扰,从而可得到高于传统分辨率的解释结果。分频解释技术在岩性储层描述中对河道﹑断层和岩性边界的识别以及对沉积相及沉积旋回的分析等方面取得良好的地质效果,在岩性储层油气勘探中具有广泛的应用前景。     

分频解释技术及其在陆相砂岩地层地震勘探中的应用分析

利用分频解释原理沿着目的储层或固定时窗对地震反射成分中各种频率成分对应的调谐能量进行识别成像,并以此解释技术来识别砂体的空间展布形态、相对沉积厚度及薄互层叠置关系。某地区目的层—沙溪庙组以一套河流-三角洲沉积为主,且薄互层发育,单层厚度多在20 m以下,基于传统地震属性分析(振幅、相位等)的有效分辨率、检测极限的限制,为了能更精细刻画砂体边界和寻找相对有利储集相带,首次将分频解释技术加以运用,分析成像结果显示古河道、水下分流河道、三角洲前缘席状砂体等外形和边界异常清晰,相对沉积厚度关系明确,十米左右的薄层砂体均能得到很好的响应,与已知钻井情况吻合率达95%以上。     

地震沉积学的概念、方法和技术

简单地讲,地震沉积学是应用地震信息研究沉积岩及其形成过程的学科,它是继地震地层学、层序地层学之后的又一门新的边缘交叉学科。其研究内容、方法和技术与地震地层学、层序地层学和沉积学等其他学科都有所不同,地震沉积学最大的理论突破在于对地震同相轴穿时性的重新认识。但它是沉积学的发展而不是替代,地震沉积学研究要以地质研究为基础,在沉积学规律的指导下进行。90°相位转换、地层切片和分频解释是地震沉积学中的三项关键技术。相位转换使地震相位具有了地层意义,可以用于高频层序地层的地震解释;地层切片是沿两个等时界面间等比例内插出的一系列层面进行切片来研究沉积体系和沉积相平面展布的技术;基于不同频率地震资料反映地质信息的不同,采用分频解释的方法,使得地震解释结果的地质意义更加明确。      

地震分频AVO方法研究现状与展望

传统的AVO理论只考虑单界面两边的岩石物理特性,没有考虑地层厚度、其他波场以及油气藏中地震波的能量衰减和速度散射,在实际应用中还存在很多未解决的问题。实际地震波信息常常是地下多个砂泥岩薄互层的综合响应,每个薄层产生的地震反射信号经傅里叶变换后,在频率域都有一个与之相对应的特定频率成分,且这种频率成分在频率域是唯一的。将分频技术与AVO研究密切结合是有效解决薄互层气藏地震AVO识别的有效途径之一。简要介绍了AVO技术及传统AVO技术存在的问题,讨论了地震AVO与地震频率的关系,指出进行分频AVO分析的依据,并进一步讨论了时频分析方法。     

谱分解技术在地震勘探中的应用

应用谱分解技术经分频处理后的地震数据，分辨率高于常规地震主频所能达到的分辨能力，高频分辨薄层，低频分辨厚层。谱分解技术在描述储层的形态及变化规律方面比传统地震属性研究方法具有更大的优势，并且在砂砾岩体的预测中取得了很好的地质效果。     

浅层地震在砂岩型铀矿勘查中的应用

以某矿区的浅层地震试验资料为基础，介绍了浅层地震方法定位容矿主砂体所采用的野外采集，资料处理和解释方法技术，应用测井约束反演技术建立了砂体与反演参数之间的对应关系，证实了该方法在砂岩型铀矿勘查中的有效性。     

基于小波变换的分频技术在碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用

塔河油田奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩储层埋藏深,地震反射信号弱,且风化壳多为杂乱反射,储集体类型复杂多样,有裂缝、溶洞、孔洞等类型,纵横向非均质性强,勘探难度大,属世界级难题。针对上述难题,这里引入基于小波变换的地震分频技术,首先针对该区实际地质情况设计模型,检验了该方法的可行性;然后对该区碳酸盐岩储层进行了预测,预测结果与实钻数据相一致,由此可见,分频解释技术可以有效刻划碳酸盐岩储层空间分布特征。研究表明,经分频处理后的地震数据,其解释分辨率高于常规地震主频所能达到的分辨能力,不需要建立假设的模型,尊重原始地震数据,减少了人为因素干扰带来的假象。该项技术在确定油藏边界、储层预测方面具有独特的优势。     

高密度三维地震技术在潞安矿区高河煤矿的应用效果

对潞安矿区高河煤矿进行了高密度三维地震勘探试验,通过实验获得区内合理的采集参数,并在处理和解释中采用了多项关键技术,如分频剩余静校正迭代技术、叠前时间偏移技术、正演模型技术、三维可视化技术、属性体切片和彩色剖面联合技术等。高密度三维地震勘探解释结果与常规三维地震勘探解释结果的对比表明,高密度三维地震能够提高构造成像准确度和精度,避免误判,还可以提高下组煤层反射波的能量和连续性,是进一步提高潞安矿区三维地震勘探精度的有效技术手段。     

东濮凹陷薄砂岩储层有效识别技术

东濮凹陷砂岩储层埋藏深、厚度薄、横向变化快,常规地震资料已不能满足储层精细描述的要求。针对该区薄砂岩储层特征,利用谱反演和分频解释技术将时间域的地震信号变换到频率域,获得较原始地震数据更加丰富的数据信息,在此基础上进行模拟退火波阻抗反演和广义多属性拟合综合预测。预测结果表明:谱反演和分频解释技术有效提高了薄储层的分辨率;模拟退火反演精确预测出薄砂岩储层的厚度;而广义多属性拟合技术精确刻画出薄砂岩储层的平面展布范围。多种方法综合最终有效预测出薄砂岩储层的空间分布规律,经钻井证实可靠。      

浅层地震勘探方法在金矿深部预测中的应用

地震勘探技术在石油、煤田和工程地质中得到了广泛应用，但在金矿和其它金属矿床中则有一系列的问题限制了它的应用。在分析了石油地震与金属矿地震不同点的基础上，简介了地震勘探方法的基本原理。然后给出了在金矿和其它金属矿区应用地震勘探方法的过程中各个环节所应该注意的问题，包括仪器的装备，野外施工方法和资料处理的流程及地质解释等，并通过在黑龙江乌拉嗄金矿的实际应用，得到了理想的效果。为隐伏矿床的精确定位预测提供了十分重要的地球物理资料。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of