GPS时间系统及其在时间比对中的应用

分析了GPS时间系统的结构组成和工作原理，对GPS时间系统、协调世界时和国际原子时的关联性进行了探讨。进一步阐述了GPS在全球时间比对中的重要作用，给出GPS共视和GPS载波时间比对两种时间比对方法的数学模型，并利用实际比对数据对二者精度进行分析，表明GPS共视与载波时间比对技术具有良好的频率稳定度。     

GPS/INS组合导航系统时间同步方法研究

在设计和实现GPS／INS组合导航系统时,各子系统的时间同步是最关键的问题。首先对GPS／INS组合导航系统的时间同步问题作基本描述,然后在简要分析基于GPS接收机的1 pps脉冲信号同步采样技术的基础上,提出另外一种基于GPS和INS的1 pps脉冲信号的时间比对同步方法,这种方法能较好地解决GPS接收机由于失锁引起的1 pps信号抖动,将晶体振荡器的短期稳定度和GPS时间的长期稳定度结合起来,使各子系统数据在时间上能准确同步。     

建立GPS控制网观测方案优化的研究

利用GPS定位技术建立各种用途控制网已经相当普及.针对GPS控制网建立前观测方案的优化设计进行研究,探讨接收机的适用条件以及GPS观测时间的确定.实验数据证明接收机的选择和观测时间的确定对控制网控制质量是很重要的,实验分析结果既可为GPS科研工作的深入研究提供参考,亦可为从事高精度GPS测量生产应用提供借鉴.     

GPS授时和GPS载波相位远程时间比对

GPS栽波相位(GPS Carrier-phase：GPS CP)在大地测量中已达到极高的精度，而在远程时间比对中的研究应用尚在起步阶段。本文介绍了我国远程时间比对的主要手段达到的精度，GPS CP远程时间比对研究现状及理论技术难点等问题。欧洲建立自己的导航定位授时系统——Galileo，我们国家也应该建立自己的卫星导航定位授时系统，发展多手段多层次的授时技术。     

利用RTKLIB实现GPS PPP时间比对

GPS PPP时间传递是国际权度局守时实验室最主要的高精度时间比对手段之一。介绍了GPS PPP时间比对的基本原理,利用RTKLIB实现GPS PPP时间比对,并实例分析验证了BRUX、IENG、OPMT与PTBB的时间比对结果。实验结果表明,利用RTKLIB进行时间比对的RMS为0.1～0.2 ns,天频率稳定度为1.5×10-15～2.5×10-15,时间比对结果与IGS最终钟差具有较好的一致性。      

基于大地型时频传递接收机的精密时间传递算法研究

介绍了大地型GPS时频传递接收机的特点,给出了传统GPS载波相位时间传递法与连续GPS载波相位时间传递法的算法流程,利用IGS/TAI并置站的数据进行了精密时间传递计算.     

GNSS载波相位时间传递的日界不连续误差研究EI北大核心CSCD

高精度远程时间传递技术是实现两地时钟比对的重要手段,是实现地方协调世界时UTC(k)与国际UTC建立联系的技术支撑,是国际原子时(TAI)计算的基础。作为GNSS载波相位时间频率传递技术的典型代表,基于全球定位系统(GPS)的精密单点定位(PPP)自2009年开始被国际权度局(BIPM)用于TAI计算,时间传递精度可达亚纳秒量级。然而,由于伪码噪声影响,使得PPP相位模糊度失去了整数特性,时间传递结果在相邻天边界历元处出现“不连续”现象,导致无法通过PPP时间传递更加准确反映两地实时连续运行时钟的性能,严重影响PPP时间传递长期频率稳定度的提升,也限制了PPP时间传递在铯喷泉钟等基准频标比对中的应用。论文围绕PPP时间传递结果日界不连续误差这一核心问题,按照从GPS单系统到GPS/BDS多系统,从理论研究到试验验证的模式,系统深入地研究了日界不连续误差的统计特性、产生原因、对时间频率传递的影响及改正方法。主要研究内容及结论如下。     

nRF401无线通信模块在弹道修正中的应用

提出了一种基于GPS技术和DSP技术的弹道修正引信，在弹药飞行过程中，实时空间信息由GPS接收机接收，并由DSP处理器处理和弹道修正，并将实时空间信息通过无线通讯模块传递到地面可视化弹道修正观察系统，进行实时观测和实时控制。并对弹载修正系统硬件和软件、基于nRF401技术无线通讯模块、基于VB技术地面弹道修正观察系统等分别进行了详细介绍。     

GPS辅助空中三角测量中时间偏移的处理

介绍了GPS辅助空中三角测量中GPS接收机与航摄仪的时间同步及GPS接收机天线位置内插的处理方法，并对其可靠性进行了分析验证。     

雾灵山山基掩星观测反演误差分析

运用山基GPS掩星探测技术对2005年8月河北雾灵山山基GPS掩星观测试验数据进行了处理,获得了接收机高度以下的大气折射率廓线;分析了掩星反演结果的内部符合情况,并利用同时进行的联合探空观测数据,将探空结果与掩星反演结果进行了比对分析.分析结果表明,山基GPS掩星反演大气折射率的内部符合精度优于1%,与常规探空结果的平均偏差为5.9%.反演结果偏小,标准偏差为5.6%.     

利用GPS共视法确定重力位差及海拔高差的实验研究

阐述了GPS共视法的基本原理,讨论了利用重力频移法通过GPS共视观测数据确定重力位差和高程差的方法。利用国际权度局(BIPM)发布的时间序列数据,选取了4个守时台站之间的时间差序列进行实验。结果表明,受目前GPS共视法精度所限,高程差计算值与理论值之间的平均差异和标准差在几十m的量级水平。     

Higher-order ionospheric effects in GPS time and frequency transfer

In high-precision geodetic time and frequency transfer, which requires precise modeling of code and carrier phase GPS data, the ionosphere-free combinations P ₃ and L ₃ of the codes and carrier phases, made on the two GPS frequencies, are used to remove the first-order ionospheric effect. We quantify the impact of the residual second- and third-order ionospheric effects on geodetic time and frequency transfer solutions for continental and intercontinental baselines. All time transfer computations are done using the ATOMIUM software, developed at the Royal Observatory of Belgium. In order to avoid contamination by some imperfect modeling of the second- and third-order ionospheric effects in the satellite clock products, only single-difference, common-view processing is used, based on code and carrier phase measurements. The results are shown for weak and strong solar activity, as well as for particular epochs of ionospheric storms. Second-order ionospheric delays can lead to corrections up to about 10 ps in the common-view clock solution of intercontinental baselines with very different longitudes. However, realistic values of the geomagnetic field in the ionosphere are required to assess the amplitude of second-order ionospheric effects in time and frequency transfer during an ionospheric storm.     

基于GPS的多站实时时间传递算法

提出了一种基于GPS的多站实时时间传递算法,该算法将卫星钟差作为未知参数进行实时估计,利用测站间的共视卫星建立起各测站误差方程之间的联系,同时解算站间时间传递结果和卫星钟差。摆脱了对外部事后精密卫星钟差产品的依赖,不受卫星精密钟差产品精度和实时性的限制,只要站间有足够的共视卫星,即可实现时间传递。实验结果表明:该算法时间传递精度可以达到亚纳秒量级,能够应用于高精度实时时间传递。     

GPS共视接收机短期观测资料处理算法研究

提出了一种新的基于总体最小二乘数据拟合的短期观测资料处理算法 ,同时考虑测量时刻和时差测量值的不确定性 ,可提高共视接收机输出的单站数据精度。超短基线单通道共视测量数据表明 ,使用新算法后 ,可以提高原始共视数据短期稳定度     

Time Transfer for TAI Using a Geodetic Receiver: An Example with the Ashtech ZXII-T

The International Atomic Time scale (TAI) is computed by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) from a set of atomic clocks distributed in about 40 time laboratories around the world. The time transfer between these remote clocks is mostly performed by the so-called GPS common view method: The clocks are connected to a GPS time receiver whose internal software computes the offsets between the remote clocks and GPS time. These data are collected in a standard formal called CCTF. In the present study we develop both the procedure and the software tool that allows us to generate the CCTF files needed for time transfer to TAI, using RINEX files produced by geodetic receivers driven by an external frequency. The CCTF files are then generated from the RINEX observation files. The software is freely available at ftp://omaftp.oma.be/dist/astro/time/RINEX_CCTF. Applied to IGS (International GPS Service) receivers, this procedure will provide a direct link between TAI and the IGS clock combination. We demonstrate here the procedure using the RINEX files from the Ashtech Metronome (ZXII-T) GPS receiver, to which we apply the conventional analysis to compute the CCTF data. We compared these results with the CCTF files produced by a time receiver R100-30T from 3S-Navigation. We also used this comparison with the results of a calibrated time receiver to determine the hardware delay of the geodetic receiver. ? 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Time and Frequency Transfer Using GPS Codes and Carrier Phases: Onsite Experiments

Recent studies have shown the capabilities of Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier phases for frequency transfer based on the observations from geodetic GPS receivers driven by stable atomic clocks. This kind of receiver configuration is the kind primarily used within the framework of the International GPS Service (IGS). The International GPS Service/Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (IGS/BIPM) pilot project aims at taking advantage of these GPS receivers to enlarge the network of Time Laboratories contributing to the realization of the International Atomic Time (TAI). In this article, we outline the theory necessary to describe the abilities and limitations of time and frequency transfer using the GPS code and carrier phase observations. We report on several onsite tests and evaluate the present setup of our 12-channel IGS receiver (BRUS), which uses a hydrogen maser as an external frequency reference, to contribute to the IGS/BIPM pilot project. In the initial experimental setup, the receivers had a common external frequency reference; in the second setup, separate external frequency references were used. Independent external clock monitoring provided the necessary information to validate the results. Using two receivers with a common frequency reference and connected to the same antenna, a zero baseline, we were able to use the carrier phase data to derive a frequency stability of 6 × 10⁻¹⁶ for averaging times of one day. The main limitation in the technique originates from small ambient temperature variations of a few degrees Celsius. While these temperature variations have no effect on the functioning of the GPS receiver within the IGS network, they reduce the capacities of the frequency transfer results based on the carrier phase data. We demonstrate that the synchronization offset at the initial measurement epoch can be estimated from a combined use of the code and carrier phase observations. In our test, the discontinuity between two consecutive days was about 140 ps. ? 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Time Transfer Experiments Using GLONASS P-code Measurements from RINEX Files

We have used GLONASS P-code measurements from different geodetic GPS/GLONASS receivers involved in the IGEX campaign to perform frequency/time transfer between remote clocks. GLONASS time transfer is commonly based on the clock differences between GLONASS system time and the local clock computed by a time transfer receiver. We choose to analyze the raw P-code data available in the RINEX files. This also allows working with the data from geodetic receivers involved in the IGEX campaign. As a first point, we show that the handling of the external frequency in some of the IGEX receivers is not suited for time transfer applications. We also point out that the GLONASS broadcast ephemerides give rise to a considerable number of outliers in the time transfer, compared to the precise IGEX ephemerides. Due to receiver clock resets at day boundaries, which is a characteristic of the R100 receivers from 3S-Navigation, continuous data sets exceeding one day are not available. Invthis context, it is therefore impossible to perform RINEX-based precise frequency transfer with GLONASS P-codes on a time scale longer than one day. Because the frequencies used by GLONASS satellites are different, the time transfer results must be corrected for the different receiver hardware delays. After this correction, the final precision of our time transfer results corresponds to a root-mean-square (rms) of 1.8 nanoseconds (ns) (maximum difference of 11.8 ns) compared to a rms of about 4.4 ns (maximum difference of 31.9 ns) for time transfer based on GPS C/A code observations. ? 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

地心非旋转坐标系中卫星共视法时间比对计算模型

卫星导航定位系统测距的基础是测时,定轨和定位的前提是各观测量的时间同步,因此,时间同步技术是卫星导航定位系统建设的关键技术基础之一。卫星导航定位系统中时间同步技术包括卫星与地面（星-地）和地面站间（地-地）的时间同步。在本文中,根据卫星共视法时间比对的基本原理,分别从数学角度和几何角度详细推导了地心非旋转坐标系中卫星共视法时间比对的基本计算模型,从而为实现站间高精度的时间同步提供了一些参考。     

Absolute Calibration of an Ashtech Z12-T GPS Receiver

Dual-frequency carrier phase and code measurements from geodetic type receivers are a promising tool for frequency and time transfer. In order to use them for clock comparisons, all instrumental delays should be calibrated. We have carried out the calibration of one such receiver, an Ashtech Z12-T type, by two different methods: first, by absolute calibration using a GPS simulator; second, by differential calibration with respect to a time transfer receiver that had previously been calibrated. We present the experimental set-ups and the results of the two experiments and estimate the uncertainty budget. An ultimate uncertainty of order 1 ns in the absolute calibration seems to be attainable. ? 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

基于双向C波段数据站间时间同步

卫星导航系统时间同步技术是系统的关键技术之一,用于实现卫星和地面站时间统一,其水平直接影响导航系统定位精度。时间同步技术主要包括星地、星间和站间时间同步技术,其中站间时间同步技术又包括了时间频率传递技术、卫星共视技术等。本文详细讨论了站间时间频率传递方法的基本原理和模型,推导了误差模型,分析了影响站间时间频率传递精度的因素,并处理了实际的站间双向C波段数据,分析了站间时间频率传递的精度,结果表明时间频率传递实现的站间时间同步精度1ns。