岩溶地下水系统灰色特征及灰参模型研究：以桂林东区岩溶裂隙管道,凯里岩…

本文结合岩溶地下水系统自身所具有灰色特征，首次把灰色系统理论引入地下水渗流模型中，建立起具有灰源汇项，灰边界，灰水文地质参数等灰变量岩溶地下水系统水流模型（ＫＧＳＧＰＭ）研究了水文地质参数求解方法－枯，雨季参数法和最优区间参数法。     

地下水水位的灰色动态预测模型

本文从灰色系统理论的基本原理出发，介绍了建立地下水水位灰色动态预测模型的方法。作为应用实例，为渭北煤田东部矿区建立了奥灰水水位ＧＭ（１，１）模型，对全区预测奥灰水水位及寻找奥灰地下水源有一定参考价值。     

基于灰色有限差分模拟的地下水位动态研究

以灰色系统理论为基础,建立了模拟区域内离散结点的灰色有限差分数值模型,并给出了其灰色求解方法。通过对成安县2004-09-25～2006-05-29时段的地下水位模拟,表明运用灰色有限差分模型计算的地下水位为一＂灰带＂,实测水位值正好包含于这个＂灰带＂之中,由此验证了所建立的灰色模型对地下水流模拟结果客观合理。该模型可以将模拟中的一些不确定参数视为一个灰范围,运用该模型对成安进行地下水量开采模拟,预测未来地下水位的动态变化,为研究区域地下水资源的合理开发利用提供了科学依据。     

岩溶管道水系统灰模型建立与分析——以贵州仁怀长岗为例

岩溶管道水系统为信息不确定的灰系统。本文依据贵州仁怀长岗出水洞地下河系统的流量动态长观资料,应用灰色系统理论原理,对岩溶管道水内在特征关联性进行分析,探讨了地下径流与降雨关系以及外源水对地下水的补给关系,并建立了岩溶管道水的ＧＭ（１,１）残差序列周期分析模型及包络模型,取得了较满意的结果。表明该方法在岩溶管道水水资源评价中具有一定的实用性      

节理岩体单孔抽注水渗流研究

为了研究工程中在节理岩体内抽水和注水的渗流问题,通过应用UDEC建立单孔抽注水离散元模型进行数值模拟,对比分析不同水位边界条件、不同抽注水速率下的流体的流速和流向等流动状态及孔隙压力分布与变化曲线.表明流体的流动状态和孔隙压力分布受边界水位和抽注水速率直接影响,UDEC进行节理岩体抽注水渗流研究是可行的.     

重力异常灰关联正交试验矿体定位法探讨

基于矿产资源系统是灰色系统及物探信息是灰色信息系统的观点,探讨了将灰关联分析方法与正交试验方法相结合求解重力反问题的新方法．用该方法对新疆香山ＺＫＹ１孔处剩余重力异常进行反演,其结果与生产单位提供的该处铜镍矿地质资料相吻合．该方法应用条件弱,也可用于磁法、电法等物探信息的反演计算．     

承压含水层中非完整井附近“非达西-达西”两区渗流模型近似解析解

抽水井附近由于流速过快往往发生非达西流,而远离抽水井随着流速下降又变为达西流.为了描述这些特征,建立了承压含水层中非完整井附近“非达西-达西”两区渗流模型,即距离抽水井较近的区域由于流速较快假设发生非达西渗流,并利用Izbash公式刻画,而距离抽水井较远由于流速较慢假设仍然满足达西定律,含水层中垂向流速较小也利用达西定律描述.通过线性化近似方法结合Laplace变换和有限Fourier余弦变换对模型进行了求解,分析探讨了该两区模型下水位降深曲线特征.结果表明:抽水初期,非达西渗流区域水位降深与全非达西渗流模型结果吻合,而抽水后期两区模型非达西渗流区域的水位降深与全达西模型水位降深基本一致,但大于全非达西渗流模型的水位降深;抽水初期,两区模型中达西渗流区域的水位降深比全达西渗流模型结果大,但比全非达西渗流模型结果小;对不同时间的水位降深随井距变化曲线分析发现非达西渗流区域水位降深随Izbash公式中的幂指数n增大而减小,而在达西渗流区域水位降深基本不受n值的影响.研究成果对非完整井抽水试验参数反演具有重要理论意义.      

川西南某水电站库水渗漏评价的灰域模拟

基于灰色系统理论,采用灰色取值法代替量化分析中的确定性条件与参数,提出了水库渗漏评价的灰域模拟方法。结合金沙江某巨型水电站库水渗漏问题进行了实例分析,结果表明地下水流动系统灰域模拟是大型水库选址、勘探、水库渗漏评价以及水库运行后长观孔布置等工作的有效工具     

库水升降作用下浮托减重型滑坡稳定性研究

大坝建成后形成众多涉水滑坡。为研究库水位升降作用对涉水边坡稳定性的影响机制,基于重大涉水滑坡分类,针对浮托减重型滑坡,运用自主研制的滑坡模型试验系统,建立浮托减重型滑坡模型进行库水升降作用试验。试验结果表明,库水位升高,滑坡模型体内有效应力随之减小;库水位降低,有效应力随之增大。对于模型试验过程,运用Geo-studio软件进行渗流及稳定性计算,对照试验结果与数值模拟结果得出土压力及孔隙水压力渗流模拟变化情况与试验实测变化情况基本吻合。库水位上升阶段,滑坡稳定性系数随之减小;库水位下降阶段,滑坡稳定性系数随之降低。由此分析得出库水升降对浮托减重型滑坡稳定性的影响规律是：库水位上升引起滑坡体内阻滑段有效应力随之减小,导致滑坡稳定性降低;库水位下降引起滑坡体内阻滑段有效应力随之增加,使得滑坡稳定性提高。     

地下水位动态的灰色预测

将地下水已知信息和未知信息,看作为灰色系统,然后利用灰色系统预测理论,分述了预测水位中所涉及的数列处理、求参、建模、精度检验、模型修正、水位预报等各工序的具体细节,最后进行了实例说明。结果证明,用该法预测的结果与实际值较为接近。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.