开江地区石炭系储层特征及展布

开江地区石炭系储集岩类主要为颗粒云岩和角砾云岩。储层以低孔渗、低含水饱和度、孔喉体系多具有中孔小喉为特征。储集性能主要受裂缝发育所控制,主要形成于喜山期多数未被充填或半充填的构造缝,这些构造缝是石炭系气藏渗流的主要通道。白云岩化是储层有利成岩事件。岩溶斜坡带及古构造斜坡带在以后的地质历史中又继承性发展为印支期的古隆起斜坡或古构造高地,并且在后期埋藏作用的影响下地层酸性水对已有储集空间进一步的溶蚀改善,一直处于次生溶孔发育和油、气运移聚集的有利地区。因此,开江地区石炭系有利储集发育区主要为开江—梁平石炭系残厚薄带周围的古岩溶斜坡带。     

波斯湾盆地中白垩统Mishrif组碳酸盐岩储层特征及其发育模式

Mishrif组碳酸盐岩储层是波斯湾盆地最主要的储集层之一,储层岩石类型主要为礁滩相生物礁灰岩、生屑灰岩和含生屑泥灰岩,储集空间主要为粒间(溶)孔、晶间(溶)孔、铸模孔、表生期组构选择性溶蚀孔洞和基质微孔。储层多呈层状展布,横向上连续,边界受沉积相带约束; 纵向上发育多套致密隔夹层,呈强非均质性。储层发育与保存主要受沉积作用、成岩作用和构造作用影响。碳酸盐岩缓坡背景下发育的生物礁和生屑滩空间分布受盆地基底古构造格局控制,是优质储层分布相带。相对海平面升降旋回控制相带迁移和成岩作用差异,导致优质孔渗层与致密隔夹层交互发育。构造圈闭发育与油气充注时间的耦合有效抑制压实作用和胶结作用对储层的破坏,是储层得以保存的有利因素。     

伊拉克西古尔纳油田中白垩统Mishrif组碳酸盐岩储层特征及主控因素

通过岩心、薄片、测井、物性和压汞测试等资料分析,明确了伊拉克西古尔纳油田中白垩统Mishrif组碳酸盐岩的岩石类型主要有泥晶生物碎屑灰岩、生物碎屑泥晶灰岩、厚壳蛤砾屑灰岩、生物碎屑灰岩、亮晶生物碎屑灰岩和少量残余生物碎屑白云岩;储集空间有粒间(溶)孔、粒内(溶)孔、铸模孔、晶间孔及微孔,以及少量未充填的构造微裂缝;储层物性呈中孔中低渗特征,孔-渗关系差,砾屑灰岩、生物碎屑灰岩的物性最好;发育五类孔隙结构,其中的中高孔低渗细喉型、中高孔中低渗中喉型是主要孔隙结构类型,具有强非均质性。认为镶边碳酸盐岩台地不同沉积相带的纵向叠置和多种成岩作用的发育是形成差异性储层质量的主控因素,台地边缘强水动力礁滩环境形成纯净的生物碎屑岩石组构,与强溶蚀作用叠加,控制了有利储层的发育;弱水动力相带下形成的多泥质、少量生物碎屑岩石组构,与弱溶蚀、强胶结成岩作用叠加,是形成差储层和非储层的主要原因;稳定的构造演化仅在储层局部位置形成了少量未充填的微裂缝以沟通储层,但这对储层形成的贡献较小。     

顺托果勒奥陶系一间房组超深层灰岩储层类型及储集空间定量表征

顺托果勒地区位于塔里木盆地北部坳陷带顺托果勒低隆起之上。该区中奥陶统一间房组发育台地相碳酸盐岩沉积,地层厚度为168～220m,埋深主要在6300～7850m,超深层储层是研究的关键。经过系统的岩心、铸体薄片、电镜观察和岩心微纳米CT检测分析,发现该套储层以致密灰岩储层为主,包括砂屑灰岩、凝块灰岩、藻粘结灰岩和藻灰岩等岩石类型。储集空间包括生屑遮避孔、铸模孔、粒内孔、晶内孔、微裂缝和溶蚀孔洞,其中粒内孔是主要储集空间类型。物性分析和储集空间的三维定量表征表明,储层以台内滩相亮晶藻屑砂屑灰岩和凝块灰岩为最好,孔隙度主要为2%～4%,少量可达12.14%;其次是藻粘结灰岩和藻灰岩。构造热液交代作用形成蚀变灰岩,发育溶蚀孔洞、微孔隙和微裂缝,构成良好储集空间体系,从而形成优质储层,这对超深层天然气勘探具有重要价值。     

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系颗粒滩白云岩储层特征及主控因素

基于岩心观察、薄片鉴定、物性分析和地球化学分析,结合岩相古地理研究,认为鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系盐下发育三套颗粒滩白云岩储层,分别为下奥陶统马家沟组马二段、马四段和马五_(7+9)亚段。马二段颗粒滩环台内洼地分布,马四段和马五_(7+9)亚段颗粒滩环台内洼地以及滩间次级洼地两侧的相对隆起带分布。白云岩储集空间类型主要为粒间孔、晶间(溶)孔、溶蚀孔洞和裂缝。三维CT分析表明,白云岩储层具有优良的储渗性能。颗粒滩白云岩主要为浅埋藏蒸发海水渗透回流交代成因。白云岩储层的发育主要受控于三个因素:层序格架控制的颗粒滩分布,表生岩溶作用,构造裂缝系统。     

障壁岛及其后缘碳酸盐岩储层的成因模式与预测

塔里木盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地和四川盆地主要碳酸盐岩储层的发育均与障壁岛或其后缘等沉积环境有关,并受早期大气淡水淋滤溶蚀作用、白云石化作用、古岩溶作用以及埋藏溶蚀作用等成岩因素的控制。认为三大盆地碳酸盐岩储层可划分为大气淡水淋溶型礁滩灰岩储层、古岩溶型礁滩灰岩储层、白云石化型礁滩白云岩储层和古岩溶型含膏白云岩储层等四种类型。提出了与障壁有关的储层综合成因与预测模式,其中构成障壁的台地边缘礁滩带是大气淋溶型礁滩灰岩储层、古岩溶型礁滩灰岩储层和白云石化型礁滩白云岩储层的有利发育区,而障壁岛后缘的蒸发盆地边缘坪区域是古岩溶型含膏白云岩储层有利发育区。     

硫酸盐还原作用对巴什托地区巴楚组生屑灰岩段储层的改造

通过对巴什托地区巴楚组生屑灰岩段的地层特征、区域沉积相带和储层微观特征的研究,认为生屑灰岩段储层的发育是在有利的蒸发台地相带基础上,经历了早期准同生白云石化作用,进入埋藏阶段后又叠加了硫酸盐还原作用的结果。海西期和喜山期两期的油气充注,使得生屑灰岩段成为含烃储层,此后烃类作为弱还原剂参与了生屑灰岩段储层的成岩作用,可以根据成藏期次和地温变化具体分为早期有机酸溶蚀及微生物硫酸盐还原作用(BSR)和晚期热化学硫酸盐还原作用(TSR)两个阶段。与硫酸盐还原作用有关的H2S在溶于水后形成氢硫酸对生屑灰岩段顶部(含膏)粉晶白云岩产生了强烈的溶蚀作用,是后期改造生屑灰岩段顶部优质储层的关键。     

贵州青岩中三叠统垄头组台地边缘滩相储层特征分析

贵州贵阳青岩地区中三叠统垄头组发育于台地边缘浅滩沉积环境中,主要为一套藻屑、砾屑灰岩。青岩实测剖面的分析表明,垄头组储层岩石类型主要为生物碎屑灰岩、核形石灰岩、砂砾屑灰岩、藻团块灰岩及泥微晶灰岩。铸体薄片及扫描电镜鉴定分析发现,垄头组储集空间类型主要有微孔、晶间孔、粒内溶孔、铸模孔及构造微裂缝;对野外样品的物性特征研究表明,垄头组仅有4.5%的样品属好储层。认为沉积作用对储层发育具有一定的控制作用,胶结作用、重结晶作用尽管使得垄头组储层整体物性较差,但是溶蚀作用、白云石化作用及构造作用却局部改善了储层。指出了藻屑滩亚相内的裂缝发育带为有利储层发育区。     

南羌塘坳陷古油藏带布曲组白云岩储层特征及控制因素分析

羌塘盆地布曲组白云岩储层是整体致密背景下的"甜点"储层,深入研究其发育的控制因素,是进行有利区预测的基础。通过野外地质剖面观察、岩心观察、铸体薄片鉴定,结合实测分析,对白云岩储集空间进行分类,并分析其发育的控制因素。结果表明,南羌塘坳陷古油藏带布曲组白云岩储层发育在碳酸盐岩台地的台内滩中,高位体系域晚期的滩间洼地局限水体提供白云化流体。储层中发育晶内溶孔、晶间孔、晶间溶孔、溶蚀孔洞,物性较好。储层质量受沉积作用、成岩作用及构造作用共同控制。台内滩发育的颗粒灰岩能够保存更多的连通孔隙,为后期流体改造提供运移通道,滩后局限水体提供白云石化流体。浅埋藏阶段白云石化是储集空间发育的最有利因素。燕山运动Ⅱ幕的构造挤压形成热点,提供形成孔隙充填鞍形白云石的热流体,同时该流体能够溶蚀围岩。古油藏破坏过程中的酸性流体和大气淡水对储层进行溶蚀改造,对储层具有关键性改造意义的是浅埋藏阶段的白云石化和第一次生烃前的有机酸溶蚀。     

塔里木盆地西北缘上震旦统白云岩储层特征

以塔里木盆地西北缘震旦系露头为主要研究对象,通过地质观察、镜下鉴定与孔渗分析等研究手段,较为系统地研究了上震旦统白云岩储层的类型及其发育特征。储层主要发育四种成因类型:古岩溶型、微生物型、结晶型和热液改造型。古岩溶储层广泛发育于上震旦统的顶部,溶蚀孔洞极其发育,但区域分布差异较大,受控于古构造隆起而呈带状分布;微生物白云岩储层主要发育于上震旦统的中上部,以发育与微生物结构相关的多种溶蚀孔隙为主,以低孔特低渗为特征,但横向上分布稳定,规模大,相控作用明显,为深层具有一定规模的致密储层;结晶白云岩储层以晶间孔、溶蚀孔为主,其孔隙度与渗透率具有正相关性,为低孔低渗储层,且分布局限,呈楔状或透镜状分布;热液改造型储层以与热液溶蚀作用有关的溶蚀孔洞或残余晶间孔为主,主要发育于肖尔布拉克地区,分布较为局限,多与深部大断裂有关。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of