网格锚定单体碟形网箱的水动力特性研究

目前碟形网箱在我国并未得到广泛的推广应用,但其良好的抗流抗变形能力和可沉降特点使其在大风大浪水流湍急的深海水域有着不可替代的作用。如能在深水碟形网箱的基础上,开发出具有自主知识产权的深水网箱,必将对我国的养殖业产生重大的影响。本文基于凝集参数法,利用Orca Flex软件建立网格锚定的深水碟形网箱模型,并进行了多海况下的数值计算。结果表明,波流联合作用下,对锚绳张力影响最大的为海流流速,其次为波高,周期对张力的影响并不明显;锚绳最大张力并非出现在入射波与流速同向的情况下,而是发生在两者存在某一夹角时;浮环最大倾角随流速和波高线性增大,随着波浪周期增大而减小;此外,下沉能明显改善网箱系统和锚绳的受力。     

碟形网箱水动力特性的研究

根据物模实验得到碟形网箱在不同海况条件下的受力并给出了其估算方法和公式及其相关系数的取值,同时总结了碟形网箱的运动特性。     

重力式网箱数值模拟时波浪理论选择

针对重力式网箱数值模拟中波浪理论选择问题进行了专门的分析与讨论。在数值模型中分别采用线性波浪理论和斯托克斯五阶波浪理论,对重力式网箱的主要部件浮架系统和网衣系统进行模拟。通过将模拟结果与试验结果比较分析选取两种不同波浪理论对模拟结果的影响。分析结果认为在相对水深大于0.18情况下,应用线性波浪理论基本可以准确地模拟重力式网箱波浪作用下的运动和受力。     

集成于海上风电钢管桩基础上的升降式网箱结构波浪场特性研究

对安装在海上风电钢管桩基础上的升降式网箱结构的波浪场特性进行研究,掌握升降式网箱结构内部及结构后方水体的运动特征及速度场变化情况。基于OpenFOAM软件包开发了波、流与孔隙介质结构相互作用的数值计算模型,将网箱结构按等效阻力简化为多孔介质结构,开展升降式网箱结构的波浪场特性研究。研究结果表明：网箱结构对流体具有一定的阻流作用,网箱结构内部速度场得到一定程度的减小,网箱结构背浪侧也有一定的速度衰减区域;对比网箱结构顶部不同潜深条件下的网箱结构内部流场特征,网箱结构顶部潜深在1/4D~1/2D（D为水深）范围内网箱结构内部流场速度最小、流场最为稳定、速度分布均匀,网箱结构向浪侧前方和背浪侧后方流场波动较小。所得结论表明在钢管桩基础上安装升降式网箱结构时需要关注的网箱结构对流场特性的影响,充分考虑网箱结构阻力对流速的作用,掌握极端工况下升降式网箱结构保持优良养殖环境需要下潜的高度范围,以保障升降式网箱的安全。     

基于CFD模拟的单点系泊船型网箱浮架结构分析与设计

针对单点系泊(SPM)网箱系泊力大于传统网箱,离岸环境承受风浪时风险更高的问题,研究设计了一种相较传统圆形网箱拥有更小系泊力的船型网箱,运用正交原理制定了三因素三水平的试验方案,对网箱浮架进行了计算机数值模拟,分析网箱在波流共同作用下的水动力特性变化。研究表明,在兼顾经济成本与网箱安全性的条件下,长24 m,宽9 m,头部角度为60°的网箱浮架具有较优良的水动力性能和相对较低的养殖成本。该网箱系统能随着潮流改变方向而在锚点周围移动,从而极大减小网箱底部的养殖残渣堆积并降低锚固安装成本,可为我国深水网箱的发展提供一定的理论参考依据。     

深海抗风浪网箱锚泊系统的设计

通过对网箱框架、网衣在风、浪、流作用下的受力分析 ,建立网箱锚泊系统缆绳受力计算的数学模型。以国家十五“86 3”计划课题—“深海抗风浪网箱的研制”所设计的网箱为例 ,选定山东荣成市寻山海域 1 0年一遇的灾害海况为设计计算条件 ,根据 Morison公式 ,采用 Goodman- L ance方法求得单个网箱的锚泊力为 6 5 .6 7k N。在此基础上对网箱的锚泊系统进行设计 ,确定了锚泊系统每只锚重 2 5 0 kg,锚链重为 1 5 0 kg,缆绳长度为 33m。     

横轴半潜式潮流能发电装置设计与试验研究

为了促进深远海养殖装备朝智能化方向发展,解决电能供给困难的问题,克服抗风浪网箱受波流耦合作用对太阳能和风能利用的局限性的问题,针对养殖区域的低流速海域,提出了一种适用于深远海可升降网箱的横轴半潜式潮流能发电装置,建立了Savonius型水轮机叶片受力数学模型,分析了叶轮中心与水面的距离对水轮机捕能效率的影响,利用Fluent软件数值模拟了导流增速浮体的速度场情况,设计了发电装置整体结构及锚泊系统,搭建了发电装置试验模型,开展了物理模型试验,测试了不同水流速度情况下与叶轮相对离水距有关的各参数变化情况,并对试验数据进行分析。试验结果表明,在不同的水流流速下,随着离水距的不断增加,捕获功率呈先增加后减小的趋势,当叶轮中心高出水面1/4个叶轮直径时,叶轮的输出功率最大。     

基于FLOW-3D的三维数值波流水槽的构建及应用研究

为获得具有自由液面的三维波流水槽,基于FLOW-3D有限差分程序,选用RNG?-?紊流模型,基于线性波速度入口法造波,采用VOF方法对自由液面进行追踪。构建具有自由液面的三维波流联合作用数值水槽,对比压力出流边界与Sammerfeld辐射边界发现,在波流水槽内采用压力出流边界能够保持流体体积守恒,波形稳定;加入的孔隙结构,不仅能保证良好的消波效果,而且流体能够顺利通过,对消除反射波影响效果良好;与实验结果对比发现,垂向时均流速与实验数据拟合较好。波流场中桩柱前形成明显下潜水流及漩涡,是形成局部冲刷主要原因。本文所构建的波流数值模型波形稳定、具有良好的波流特性,能较好反应波浪与水流之间的相互作用,可进一步模拟波流场与结构物之间的相互作用或波流作用下泥沙冲刷等研究。     

圆形重力式网箱阻力性能研究

采用网箱模型试验 ,对周长 5 0 m,深 8m的 HDPE双管圆形重力式网箱 ,在不同配重、网片规格和流速条件下的阻力性能进行研究。结果表明 ,在 2 .5 kn的相对流速范围内 ,网箱的整体阻力在 75 0 0 kg以内 ;在网箱整体阻力中 ,框架及重锤阻力所占比重较小 ,而网箱箱体阻力占近90 %。不同重锤配重的网箱 ,其整体阻力与流速均呈幂函数关系 F=a Vb,网箱重锤配重增加 ,网箱阻力也随之增大 ,而重锤配重变化对网箱阻力的影响程度又随流速的增加而减小     

基于有限元方法对鲆鲽网箱耐流特性的数值模拟

鲆鲽网箱结构在海中受到水流的冲击作用会发生运动与变形,针对鲆鲽鱼特有的栖底习性,为确保网底结构的稳定有必要对其进行动力分析。为此利用有限元方法建立了流场中网箱受力和变形的数学计算模型,运用该数学模型对底框中加有支撑管结构并装配方形网目网衣的鲆鲽网箱整体位移进行了数值模拟。数值模拟结果表明,网箱的网衣部分在水流作用下形态变化比较大,网底的水平位移与垂直位移随流速的增加而增大,而网箱的底框架在不同流速条件下均能保持在水平位置,且未发生明显的倾斜。由此可见,此类鲆鲽网箱具有较好的耐流性能。     

Dynamic analysis of hydrodynamic behavior of a flatfish cage system under wave conditions

This paper presents a simulation model based on the finite element method. The method is used to analyze the motion response and mooring line tension of the flatfish cage system in waves. The cage system consists of top frames, netting, mooring lines, bottom frames, and floats. A series of scaled physical model tests in regular waves are conducted to verify the numerical model. The comparison results show that the simulated and the experimental results agree well under the wave conditions, and the maximum pitch of the bottom frame with two orientations is about 12o. The motion process of the whole cage system in the wave can be described with the computer visualized technology. Then, the mooring line tensions and the motion of the bottom frame with three kinds of weight are calculated under different wave conditions. According to the numerical results, the differences in mooring line tensions of flatfish cages with three weight modes are indistinct. The maximum pitch of the bottom frame decreases with the increase of the bottom weight.     

浪流作用下系泊船舶撞击力和系缆力试验研究

以某25万吨矿石码头工程为例,分别进行了单流、单浪和浪流共同作用下,系泊船舶撞击力和系缆力试验。研究了不同水位、不同船舶载度、不同浪流夹角,单流、单浪和浪流共同作用时对船舶撞击力和系缆力的影响。分析了该码头工程护舷和缆绳的布置情况,为工程设计提供了依据。     

Analysis of hydrodynamic behaviors of gravity net cage in irregular waves

Based on the lumped-mass method and rigid-body kinematics theory, a mathematical model of a gravity cage system attacked by irregular waves is developed to simulate the hydrodynamic response of cage system, including the maximum tension of mooring lines and the motion of float collar. The normalized response amplitudes (response amplitude operators) are calculated for the cage motion response in heave and surge, and the mooring line tension response, in regular waves. In addition, a statistical approach is taken to determine the motion and tension transfer functions in irregular waves. In order to validate the numerical model of a gravity cage attacked by irregular waves, numerical predictions have been compared with the experimental observations in the time and frequency domain. The effect of wave incident angle on the float collar motion, mooring line tension and net volume reduction of the gravity cage system in irregular waves is also investigated. The results show that at high frequencies, the cage system has no significant heave motion. It tends to contour itself to longer waves. The variation amplitude of mooring line forces decreases as the wave frequency increases. With the increasing of wave incident angle, the horizontal displacement of the float collar increases.     

新型网箱浮架系统水动力分析及系泊方式研究

设计了一种新型网箱浮架系统,利用SESAM对其进行了频域水动力分析以及考虑不规则波浪、风、流载荷和系泊共同作用的时域耦合分析,并与传统双浮管网箱浮架系统进行了分析对比,得到方形网箱与圆形网箱的水动力特性的差异以及各自的优缺点,对实际中网箱的开发设计有一定的借鉴意义;通过计算,证明新型网箱浮架系统在工作海况能正常工作,在极端海况下也能满足安全性的要求;最后对4种常见系泊方式进行了时域耦合分析,得到了四种系泊方式的系泊特性,对实际工程中系泊方式的选择有一定的参考意义。     

Experimental Study on Allowable Berthing and Mooring Conditions of An Oil Tanker

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Fatigue damage induced by nonGaussian bimodal wave loading in mooring lines

Catenary mooring lines are typically subjected to bimodal loads, comprising of a wave frequency (WF) component due to the first-order wave forces and a low frequency (LF) component induced by the second-order wave forces. For moored vessels, the LF forces due to current and wind also play a role. Only dynamic wave loads are considered herein, while current and wind loads are modeled as constant forces. Because of the nonlinearities of the mooring line characteristics, the dynamic line tension and the second-order responses, both the WF and LF line tensions are in principle nonGaussian. These facts make it difficult to estimate the combined fatigue damage of mooring lines in the frequency domain. A fatigue combination rule based on the Jiao and Moan’s theory has been extended to cover the nonGaussian case. The purpose of this paper is to improve and validate the frequency-domain method by time-domain analysis based on a simplified, but accurate mechanical model of the dynamic line tension. Improvements on the LF and combined fatigue damage estimation have been made by considering the nonsymmetrical property of the LF line tension distribution. Both the WF and LF mooring line tensions due to wave loading have been simulated in the time domain for different sea states and the combined fatigue damage has been estimated by using the rainflow cycle counting algorithm. The accuracy of the frequency-domain method for estimating the bimodal nonGaussian fatigue damage of mooring lines has been verified by the time-domain simulations and is considered to be acceptable.     

Numerical Analysis on the Effects of Submerged Depth of the Grid and Direction of Incident Wave on Gravity Cage

In this paper,the numerical model of the net cage with the grid mooring system in waves is set up by the lumped mass method and rigid kinematics theory,and then the motion equations of floating system,net system,mooring system,and floaters are solved by the Runge-Kutta fifth-order method.For the verification of the numerical model,a series of physical model tests have been carried out.According to the comparisons between the simulated and experimental results,it can be found that the simulated and experimental results agree well in each condition.Then,the effects of submerged depth of grid and direction of incident wave propagation on hydrodynamic behaviors of the net cage are analyzed.According to the simulated results,it can be found that with the increase of submerged depth of grid,the forces acting on mooring lines and bridle lines increase,while the forces on grid lines decrease;the horizontal motion amplitudes of floating collar decrease obviously,while the vertical motion amplitudes of floating collar change little.When the direction of incident wave propagation changes,forces on mooting lines and motion of net cage also change accordingly.When the propagation direction of incident wave changes from 0° to 45°,forces on the main ropes and bridle ropes increase,while the forces on the grid ropes decrease.With the increasing propagation direction of incident wave,the horizontal amplitude of the forces collar decreases,while the vertical amplitude of the floating collar has little variation.     

Numerical analysis of hydrodynamic behaviors of two net cages with grid mooring system under wave action

Based on rigid kinematics theory and lumped mass method,a mathematical model of the two net cages of grid mooring system under waves is developed.In order to verify the numerical model,a series of physical model tests have been carried out.According to the comparisons between the simulated and the experimental results,it can be found that the simulated and the experimental results agree well in each wave condition.Then,the forces on the mooring lines and the floating collar movement are calculated under different wave conditions.Numerical results show that under the same condition,the forces on the bridle ropes are the largest,followed by forces on the main ropes and the grid ropes.The horizontal and the vertical float collar motion amplitudes increase with the increase of wave height,while the relationship of the horizontal motion amplitude and the wave period is indistinct.The vertical motion amplitude of the two cages is almost the same,while on the respect of horizontal motion amplitude,cage B(behind cage A,as shown in Fig.4) moves much farther than cage A under the same wave condition.The inclination angle of the floating system both in clockwise along y axis and the counter one enlarges a little with the increase of wave height.     

深水圆筒型钻井平台张紧式系泊系统设计

基于我国南海海域环境条件,对一座深水圆筒型钻井平台设计一套张紧式系泊定位系统,利用SESAM软件对平台运动响应和缆索张力进行分析计算,得到主要运动响应为纵荡、纵摇和垂荡。分别考虑0°和180°的环境载荷方向,对比得到0°方向的缆索张力更大,且6号和7号缆承受了主要的环境力。分析了平台运动的影响因素,认为缆索夹角设定为35°时较优,适度增大系泊缆初始长度和减小两端锚链长度可较为有效地降低系泊缆受力,系泊缆总根数保持12时（4根×3组）为最优方案。根据分析结果对初始系泊方案进行了优化,在风暴工况下系泊缆最大受力减小了约14.8%。钻井作业工况和一根系泊缆破断工况下,系泊缆受力和平台位移均能满足规范要求。     

防风单点系泊系统系泊力试验研究

通过物理模型试验,得到了3种船型在不同工况组合下的偏荡幅度、偏荡周期以及系泊力实测数据。试验得出了船舶在台风与波、浪、流共同作用下,单点系泊力的主要影响因素为风速、流速、波浪、船舶种类、水线上下侧投影面积比和系泊系统的刚性。选出了本文理论意义明确合理的适合单点系泊系统使用的防风系泊力表达形式,即奎因公式。采用系泊力试验数据在奎因公式的基础上导出的防风系泊系统系泊力计算公式,并给出了公式中的重要参数表达式。