胶州湾浮游植物分子遗传多样性初步研究

用聚合酶链式反应扩增海洋浮游植物总体的核酮糖 1 ,5 -二磷酸羧化 /氧化酶大亚基基因(rbc L)片段 ,建立该基因变异类型文库 ,并随机测定了 38个 rbc L大亚基基因片段序列 ,初步分析了海洋浮游植物分子遗传多样性。将≥ 97%的氨基酸序列相似性定义为种内变异 ,38个片段分别代表1 3个不同的物种 ,或称为不同的操作分类单元。与数据库序列比较发现 ,PPJZ0 1 ,PPJZ1 1和 PPJZ2 0可能是已报道的 rbc L基因序列代表的物种 ,其它克隆在数据库中没有对应的近缘物种序列存在。系统学分析表明分离的克隆分别属于隐藻门、硅藻门、绿藻门和 streptophyta等的浮游植物 ,极少数克隆来源于异鞭毛藻类、定鞭藻纲和原细菌。根据各操作分类单元克隆数计算得胶州湾浮游植物分子遗传多样性指数为 1 .97。研究结果为利用分子生物学方法剖分海洋浮游植物群落结构、研究海洋浮游植物动力学积累了基础数据     

我国引种海带(Laminaria japonica)和长海带(L.longissima)配子体克隆的随机扩增多态性DNA分析

运用RAPD技术,对引种我国的海带(Laminaria japonica)和长海带(L.longissima)的22个配子体克隆进行分析。筛选的19条随机引物共获得252个位点.扩增片段大小在200～2000bp之间,多态性位点228个,占90.5%。配子体克隆遗传变异分析表明,长海带和海带的遗传多样性都比较高,两者之间的遗传分化较为明显,且种间变异大于种内变异。长海带和海带雄配子体克隆的遗传变异程度均低于雌配子体克隆。另外,两个种的雌、雄配子体之间均存在一定程度的分化,且长海带雌、雄配子体之间的遗传分化大于海带配子体。     

虾夷扇贝不同性别类型2 个Dmrt基因DM 结构域分析

为探讨虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)性别决定和雌雄同体形成的分子机制,利用兼并引物,以闭壳肌基因组DNA为实验材料,扩增和克隆了虾夷扇贝Dmrt基因的DM结构域,雌性、雄性和雌雄同体3种性别共获得2个具有不同DM序列的克隆,序列长度均为141bp,分别命名为Py Dmrt3和Py Dmrt4。Py Dmrt3在3种性别类型中均有克隆,而雄性中还克隆出Py Dmrt4。结果表明,在虾夷扇贝不同性别中,Dmrt基因家族的成员可能会有不同;雄性py Dmrt3的DM结构域核苷酸和氨基酸变异频率高,其次是雌雄同体,雌性的较保守,与其他软体动物DM结构域比对,该基因家族在进化上仍然高度保守,由此推测,部分雄性可能是发生了性逆转的雌雄同体,这种较高的变异性可能也是雌雄同体的一个特点,Py Dmrt4可能参与调控雄性性别的形成。     

海州湾连云港邻近水域蟹类的分布特征

本文根据2009年5月、9月和12月海州湾水域生物资源的调查资料,分析了海州湾水域蟹类资源密度的分布,多样性及蟹类优势种对蟹类数量分布的影响。结果表明,5月、9月和12月蟹类质量密度分别为36.15、53.85和44.91kg/km2,尾数密度为6.33×103、3.13×103和35.88×103ind./km2。5月、9月和12月蟹类以质量计算的物种多样性分别是0.95、0.64和0.65,以尾数计算的物种多样性分别是0.96、1.01和0.61。海州湾水域以广温广盐性蟹类为主,5月、9月和12月的最重要的优势种分别为双斑蟳(Charybdis bimaculata)、日本蟳(Charybdis japonica)和豆形短眼蟹(Xenophthalmus pin-notheroides)。春季蟹类的密度分布规律不明显;秋季蟹类的密度分布除湾外个别站位很高之外,其余站位分布均匀;冬季蟹类的密度分布沿岸稍高于湾外。季节变化很大程度上影响了优势种的改变。不同季节,蟹类优势种类的绝对优势,使得蟹类多样性平面分布与蟹类密度分布存在差异。     

驯化水温及温升速率对三门湾三种虾蟹类热耐受性的影响

作者采用动态实验法与静态实验法相结合的方法,研究了三门湾脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)、口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)和日本(Charybdis japonica)在不同季节的基础水温即驯化水温(8~29℃)和温升速率(0.5~15.0℃/h)下的热耐受能力。结果表明,驯化水温和温升速率对各实验动物的热耐受性均有显著影响。实验动物的热耐受性与驯化水温总体上呈显著正相关,而温升速率对热耐受性的影响具有物种特异性,并受驯化水温制约;在不同驯化水温下,各实验动物的热耐受性随温升速率增大呈不同变化趋势。各实验动物的24 h高起始致死温度受驯化水温的影响显著,随着驯化水温从8℃升高到29℃,脊尾白虾、日本和口虾蛄的24hUILT50分别从24.2、34.6、24.9℃显著增大到35.3、37.4和34.4℃。结合3种实验动物的最大临界温度分析,它们的热耐受能力依次为:日本脊尾白虾口虾蛄。研究结果可为探究三门湾水域潜在的热污染状况及其生态环境效应提供科学依据。     

山东半岛宁津沿岸潮间带大型底栖动物生态学研究

根据2009年11月至2010年8月4个季度(秋、冬、春、夏)对宁津沿岸潮间带2个断面的高潮带(SC1H与SC2H)、中潮带(SC1M与SC2M)和低潮带(SC1L与SC2L)所设6个站位的大型底栖动物生态调查资料,采用种属组成、优势度指数、物种多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度度指数等方法,分析了调查区域内大型底栖动物的生态特征和季节变化。结果表明:宁津沿岸潮间带共采集到大型底栖动物45种,其中甲壳动物为优势类群,共计20种;软体动物14种,环节动物多毛类9种,其他类动物2种。优势种组成方面,甲壳动物钩虾类是4个季度的绝对优势种。调查区域大型底栖动物的年平均生物量为45.09 g/m2;最高生物量出现在秋季,最低出现在春季;空间分布上,除春季外其他三个季度的生物量变化趋势均为中潮带低潮带高潮带。年平均丰度为182.67个/m2;最高丰度出现在夏季,最低出现在冬季。宁津沿岸潮间带大型底栖动物的年平均物种多样性指数H′为1.09,季节变化趋势为冬季秋季夏季春季,空间分布趋势为低潮带中潮带高潮带。与邻近潮间带文献资料相比,调查区域的大型底栖动物在物种数量、生物量和丰度、物种多样性方面均处于低值水平。     

南极气候和海冰的时空变化特征及其与太平洋海温场的关系

应用1973～1999年南极气温和海冰资料,分别对它们进行了统计分析,结果表明,南极的最低温度中心位于东南极大陆(东方站),这种分布特征是与南极地形相对应的.南极东方站的年平均地面气温是-55.3℃;地面最高气温出现在12月至翌1月,其温度为-32.1℃;地面最低气温出现在8月,其温度为-68.2℃.南极各地区的地面气温具有不同的变化特征.根据温度的变化特征,将南极的气候分为4种类型:南极大陆型、南极半岛型、东南极沿岸型和海湾型.近年来南极半岛的气温有明显升高的趋势,而东南极沿岸的气温有明显下降的趋势,它们的变化呈明显的反位相.南极海冰与南极气温变化有较好的对应关系,气温升高的南极半岛的海冰有减少的趋势,而气温下降的东南极的海冰有增加的趋势.这种结果很难用温室效应来解释南极与全球气候变化的差异.东南极海冰变化与南太平洋的海温场存在密切关系,其影响过程是通过南极海冰范围的异常增加或减少,直接影响南极绕极流的冷暖结构及其异常冷暖水的经向输送,从而导致热带和副热带太平洋上层海温场的异常变化.     

南极冰藻Chlamydomonas L4的RPS5基因的获得及其在分类中的作用

通过对南极冰藻L4(Chlamydomonas L4)cDNA文库的筛选,克隆出一个具有5'和3'非编码区的40S核糖体蛋白S5(RPS5)全长基因序列.通过与GenBank中日本凋毛藻、拟南芥、果蝇、斑马鱼、非洲爪蟾、人等物种的同源基因或ESTs序列比对,得到了根据RPS5基因的序列相似性绘制的系统分类树,其符合传统的物种分类系统.证明了通过持家基因的一种--RPS5基因的序列相似性进行分子分类学研究具有可行性.     

中国海日本刺沙蚕研究

日本刺沙蚕Neanthes japonica(Izuka)分布于我用黄海、渤海沿岸;日本的日本海和太平洋沿岸:为中国和日本的特有种。 1908年,日本饭启Izuka首次报导,,定名为日本沙蚕Nereis japonica,并对其生殖发育做了简单记述。1955年,香川义信研究了日本沙蚕成体及幼虫与盐度的关系;1962年赫列勃维奇、吴宝铃报导了我国的日本沙蚕;1964年Imajima和Hartman在“日本多毛多环虫”一书鉴定为杂色刺沙蚕Neanthes diversicolor(O.F.Muller);1972年Imajima订正为现名。     

基于VOSviewer文献计量的互花米草研究进展分析

互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）为美国大西洋沿岸的本地种,在环太平洋沿岸被认为是入侵物种。互花米草作为本地种,被誉为“生态系统工程师”;作为外来物种,其入侵特性亦引起相关领域的高度关注。为加深对互花米草相关研究的认知,探索未来研究重点方向,文章基于文献计量学方法,以Web of Science数据...     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.