HY-1C/D卫星CZI数据的岛礁浅海水深遥感无控反演能力评估

岛礁浅海水深是海洋重要的基础资料。中国南海岛礁远离大陆,水下现场调查效率低、难度大,难以评估水下地形的长期变化,迫切需要大面积、高频次成像的卫星遥感数据。海洋一号C/D (HY-1C/D)卫星双星组网大大提高了覆盖频次,配置的海岸带成像仪CZI (Coastal Zone Imager)可为岛礁水下探测提供快速的业务化遥感数据服务。为充分发掘两颗卫星的岛礁水深反演能力,本文以中国南海永乐环礁为研究区域,以HY-1C/D CZI多光谱遥感影像为数据源,结合半分析模型和对数比值模型开展了不依赖实测数据的水深反演研究,并与GeoEye-1高分辨率卫星多光谱遥感数据反演结果进行对比。结果表明,HY-1C/D CZI多光谱数据在甘泉岛的水深反演结果与实测数据相比,在0—20 m水深范围内的平均绝对误差分别为1.60 m和1.85 m,平均相对误差分别为22.48%和26.23%;HY-1C/D CZI多光谱数据与基于GeoEye-1数据在甘泉岛的水深反演结果相比,平均绝对偏差分别为1.65 m和1.81 m,平均相对偏差分别为22.33%和23.83%。HY-1C/D CZI与GeoEye-1多...     

海岛礁遥感影像水陆分离方法研究

遥感影像水陆分离是遥感水深反演数据预处理的重要部分.水陆分离不仅减少了影像处理数据量,也为水深反演提供了单一的水体信息.本文采用NDWI和单波段两种水陆分离方法,进行海岛礁遥感影像的水陆分离,并使用掩膜文件对岛礁遥感影像进行掩膜处理,最后生成水体的影像数据文件.     

结合底质分类与SVR算法的多光谱影像测深

针对目前遥感水深反演方法都是以海底底质均匀为前提而缺乏对混合海底底质研究的问题,提出了一种结合底质分类与SVR算法的水深反演模型。利用WorldView-2多光谱遥感影像对南海北岛岛礁周围混合底质的浅海海域进行底质分类,并对底质分类后的不同海域分别建立线性回归与SVR非线性回归多种测深模型。通过水深分段验证后结果表明,结合底质分类的SVR非线性回归方法更适合混合底质的浅水水深反演。     

高分辨率卫星立体双介质浅水水深测量方法

提出了一种基于高分辨率卫星多光谱立体像对的浅水水深测量方法。该方法利用多光谱近红波段消除太阳耀斑,以有理函数模型(RFM)构建测区原始DEM,通过水陆边界内插获得水面高程,并采用双介质近似折射改正模型消除目标点垂直坐标偏移。试验表明,本文的模型方法和处理流程在水面平静、底质纹理丰富的浅海岛礁水深反演中能取得优于20%的相对测深精度,可为浅水水深测量提供新手段。     

主被动光学卫星遥感数据融合浅海水深测量

针对双介质立体摄影测量中水面高程不确定性带来的测深误差,本文提出了主被动光学卫星遥感数据融合浅海水深测量的技术路线,探讨了主动ICESat-2激光测高数据与被动WorldView-3立体像对数据融合的测深模型。首先通过ICESat-2激光测高数据提取海面高程作为WorldView-3立体像对数据水面高程纠正的起算位置,然后利用区域网平差的二次多项式加入适当的水深改正量。在我国南海岛礁开展了主被动光学卫星遥感数据融合进行浅海水深测量试验。结果表明,主被动融合测深模型的均方根误差(RMSE)小于0.70 m,实现了高精度、无实测控制点的浅海水深测量。     

遥感在南沙综合考察中的应用效果简介

遥感在南沙综合考察中的应用效果简介“七、五”期间，广东省国土与测绘科研所参加了由中科院组织的南沙综合考察活动，于１９８７年－１９９０年派出考察小组到南沙实地进行了科考，我们承担了标志埋设、卫星大地定位、水深测量和验潮、利用遥感技术研究南沙岛礁水下地形...     

南沙基础地理信息系统设计与实现

“南沙基础地理信息系统”是以岛礁和水深遥感调查成果为基础,汇集近年来航磁调查解释成果,综合利用计算机、地理信息系统(GIS)、数据库及网上发布等技术建设而成的,是一个可为海洋规划、环境保护、资源开发、划界谈判、区域合作及为可持续发展提供全面、准确基础资料和决策依据的专业化信息系统。文中重点介绍了系统数据库的建设及系统功能的开发,阐述了系统功能的实现方式,列举了系统的应用实例.     

基于树型层次结构的远海岛礁三维场景构建方法

提出了一种基于树型层次结构的三维场景构建方法。通过划分区域、要素、室外、室内的层次结构对远海岛礁不同区域的地物要素进行模型实体构建,并结合GIS技术和三维建模技术,构建了基于Web的远海岛礁虚拟仿真系统,实现了远海岛礁三维场景的漫游、交互式查询和虚拟环境可视化,有效提高了岛礁管理部门的工作效率,为远海岛礁规划的无纸化和所见即得管理提供了参考。     

基于GNSS浮标的海岛礁稀少控制DOM生产技术

针对远海岛礁多为不可登岛,开展远海岛礁大比例尺测图难度大的问题,该文提出了利用GNSS浮标作为海上控制点,探讨GNSS浮标在海岛礁1∶2 000DOM生产中发挥的作用。采用长航时无人机获取试验岛礁高分辨率影像,在无人机常规航线并加摄构架航线的前提下,结合PPP技术,在海岛四周布设GNSS浮标的控制组合方式进行区域网平差和影像生产。试验结果表明,利用此种方法进行远海岛礁大比例尺DOM生产是切实可行的,精度基本满足海岛1∶2 000DOM生产精度要求,研究成果为远海岛礁1∶2 000DOM生产提供了一套合理的解决方案,为远海岛礁大比例尺测图提供参考。     

星站差分系统在远海岛礁测量中的应用

岛礁测量对于我国海洋国土管理具有重要作用。在无基础控制网的海域,利用星站差分系统可以高效完成测量工作,其精度能满足岛礁测量的相关规范要求。介绍了星站差分系统的基本原理,阐述了星站差分系统在远海岛礁测量中的应用,将其与传统的GPS测量方法进行了比较,分析了星站差分系统在远海岛礁测量中的优势,并进行了测量实验和精度分析。     

Bathymetric mapping over coastal Andhra Pradesh using landsat Mss data

Satellite imagery can be used to map shallow water depth using techniques which utilize only a few selected depth sounding points as input. For the present work three different models were considered for water depth estimation, which relate different parameters with the water depth. The Landsat-4 MSS data of the sounding points were used for calculation of model parameters. Goodness of fit of the above models was tested using statistical tests, which showed that the exponential relation between water body radiance and water depth gives best fit for shallow water bathymetry. Contour map of water depths over the coastal region of Andhra Pradesh near Machlipattnam have been drawn with the help of the above models using remotely sensed data of the area.     

Assessment of depth and turbidity with airborne Lidar bathymetry and multiband satellite imagery in shallow water bodies of the Alaskan North Slope

Airborne Lidar bathymetry (ALB) is an effective and a rapidly advancing technology for mapping and characterizing shallow coastal water zones as well as inland fresh-water basins such as rivers and lakes. The ability of light beams to detect and traverse shallow water columns has provided valuable information about unmapped and often poorly understood coastal and inland water bodies of the world.Estimating ALB survey results at varying water clarity and depth conditions is essential for realizing project expectations and preparing budgets accordingly. In remote locations of the world where in situ water clarity measurements are not feasible or possible, using multiband satellite imagery can be an effective tool for estimating and addressing such considerations.For this purpose, we studied and classified reflected electromagnetic energy from selected water bodies acquired by RapidEye sensor and then correlated findings with ALB survey results. This study was focused not on accurately measuring depth from optical bathymetry but rather on using multiband satellite imagery to quickly predict ALB survey results and identify potentially turbid water bodies with limited depth penetration. For this study, we constructed an in-house algorithm to confirm ALB survey findings using bathymetric waveform information.The study findings are expected to contribute to the ongoing understanding of forecasting ALB survey expectations in unknown and varying water conditions, especially in remote and inaccessible parts of the world.     

Mapping shoreline indicators on a sandy beach with supervised edge detection of soil moisture differences

This study describes a method to map shoreline indicators on a sandy beach. The hypothesis is that, on this beach, spectral albedo is predominantly determined by moisture content and water lines can, therefore, be detected as albedo contrasts. A laboratory experiment is performed to relate moisture content to image albedo, and supervised edge detection is subsequently used to map the shoreline indicators with remote sensing imagery. The algorithm is tested with data from visible, near-infrared and shortwave-infrared wavelength regions. These results are compared to shoreline indicators obtained by a field survey and a shoreline indicator derived from a digital elevation model. Both the water line present when the imagery was acquired, as well as the maximum extent of the last flood, can be detected as a single edge. Older high water lines are confused with the last high water line and appear dispersed, as there are multiple debris lines present on the beach. The low water line, usually in saturated sand, also appears dispersed due to the presence of channels and troughs. Shorelines are constant moving boundaries, which is why shoreline indicators are used as a proxy. Unlike a mathematical indicator that is based on an elevation model, our method is more sensitive to the dynamic nature of shorelines. Supervised edge-detection is a technique for generating reproducible measurements of shoreline indicator positions over time, and aids in the monitoring of coastline migration.     

Photogrammetric and laser altimetric reconstruction of water levels for extreme flood event analysis

This paper assesses the feasibility of estimating water levels using digital photogrammetry. A common problem during an extreme flood event is that automated water level recorders do not record the highest water levels, as a result of instrument malfunctioning. This paper explores two possible solutions to this problem based upon data acquired using synoptic remote sensing methods. The first method requires: (a) high-resolution elevation data (for example, in the form of a digital elevation model for the floodplain); and (b) information on the planimetric position of the maximum flood extent, such as from debris lines (known as wrack lines) visible on aerial imagery flown after the event. The planimetric data can then be used to segment the topographic data in order to identify water level elevations. The second method uses a digitial photogrammetric approach and is suitable where no topographic data are available, but aerial imagery is available, flown after the event. Provided this imagery is of the right scale, digital photogrammetric analysis may be used to identify the elevations of wrack lines visible on the imagery. In this paper, the second of these options is compared with the first. The research shows that desktop photogrammetric methods, using 1:4500 scale imagery, can yield water level estimates that are precise to ±0·147 m, on the basis of check data obtained from lidar data. This is a worst possible estimate of the acquired precision given uncertainties in the lidar data. When compared with the first option, based upon segmenting lidar data using flood outlines, the photogrammetric approach was found to be preferable given both the quality of the lidar and uncertainties over how to segment it.     

Integrating stream gage data and Landsat imagery to complete time-series of surface water extents in Central Valley,California

Accurate monitoring of surface water location and extent is critical for the management of diverse water resource phenomena. The multi-decadal archive of Landsat satellite imagery is punctuated by missing data due to cloud cover during acquisition times, hindering the assembly of a continuous time series of inundation dynamics. This study investigated whether streamflow volume measurements could be integrated with satellite data to fill gaps in monthly surface water chronologies for the Central Valley region of California, USA, from 1984 to 2015. We aggregated measurements of maximum monthly water extent within each of the study area’s 50 8-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC) watersheds from two Landsat-derived datasets: the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC) Monthly Water History and the U.S. Geological Survey Dynamic Surface Water Extent (DSWE). We calculated Spearman rank correlation coefficients between water extent values in each HUC and streamflow discharge data. Linear regression fits of the water extent/streamflow data pairs with the highest correlations served as the basis for interpolation of missing imagery surface water values on a HUC-wise basis. Results show strong (ρ > 0.7) maximum correlations in 11 (22.4%) and 25 (51.0%) HUCs for the DSWE and JRC time series, respectively, when comparisons were restricted to imagery and gages co-located in each HUC. Strong maximum correlations occurred in 39 (79.6%; DSWE) and 42 (85.7%; JRC) HUCs when imagery was paired with discharge data from any study area gage, providing a solid basis for reconstruction of water extent values. We generated continuous time series of 30+ years in 35 HUCs, demonstrating that this technique can provide quantitative estimates of historical surface water extents and elucidate flooding or drought events over the period of data collection. Results of a non-parametric trend analysis of the long-term time series on an annual, seasonal, and monthly basis varied among HUCs, though most trends indicate an increase in surface water over the past 30 years.     

An improved atmospheric correction algorithm for hyperspectral remotely sensed imagery

There is an increased trend toward quantitative estimation of land surface variables from hyperspectral remote sensing. One challenging issue is retrieving surface reflectance spectra from observed radiance through atmospheric correction, most methods for which are intended to correct water vapor and other absorbing gases. In this letter, methods for correcting both aerosols and water vapor are explored. We first apply the cluster matching technique developed earlier for Landsat-7 ETM+ imagery to Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data, then improve its aerosol estimation and incorporate a new method for estimating column water vapor content using the neural network technique. The improved algorithm is then used to correct Hyperion imagery. Case studies using AVIRIS and Hyperion images demonstrate that both the original and improved methods are very effective to remove heterogeneous atmospheric effects and recover surface reflectance spectra.     

A novel water index for urban high-resolution eight-band WorldView-2 imagery

Land surface water mapping is one of the most important remote-sensing applications. However, water areas are spectrally similar and overlapped with shadow, making accurate water extraction from remote-sensing images still a challenging problem. This paper develops a novel water index named as NDWI-MSI, combining a new normalized difference water index (NDWI) and a recently developed morphological shadow index (MSI), to delineate water bodies from eight-band WorldView-2 imagery. The newly available bands (e.g. coastal, yellow, red-edge, and near-infrared 2) of WorldView-2 imagery provide more potential for constructing new NDWIs derived from various band combinations. Through our testing, a new NDWI is defined in this study. In addition, MSI, a recently developed automatic shadow extraction index from high-resolution imagery can be used to indicate shadow areas. The NDWI-MSI is created by combining NDWI and MSI, which is able to highlight water bodies and simultaneously suppress shadow areas. In experiments, it is shown that the new water index can achieve better performance than traditional NDWI, and even supervised classifiers, for example, maximum likelihood classifier, and support vector machine.     

SPOT卫星影像的水体提取方法及分类研究

文中分析了水体及其它主要的地物的光谱特征在SPOT曩像中的表征特征，发现大多数地形阴影与水体的光谱特征具有一定的相似性，因而用单一的方法很难有效地提取山区的水体，经过研究，发现用决策树分类方法，在各节点设计不同的分类器，可以有效地提取山区中的水体，由于不同类型的水体其面积，周长，形状等几何特征各有特点，并且与地貌类型有一定的关系，因而可利用水体的空间特征信息，对提取的水体进行分类，其方法也选用决策树分类方法，分类结果令人满意。     

基于影像的Landsat TM/ETM+数据正规化技术

阐述了基于影像的LandsatTM／ETM^＋的数据正规化技术及其发展。该技术通过将Landsat影像的亮度值转换成传感器处的辐射值和反射率采对影像进行辐射校正。实例表明，使用正规化技术处理后的影像可以明显削弱日照和大气的影响，去除它们产生的噪声；其所书的传感器处的反射率与地面实测反射率的RMS值非常小。