稻茬冬小麦不同播种方式和播种量试验研究

稻茬冬小麦不同播种方式和播种量试验于2008—2009年度在江苏省农业科技综合展示基地(宿迁点)进行,试验共设计4种播种方式和3个播种量水平,研究分析不同播种方式和播种量及气象条件对稻茬冬小麦生长发育、抗逆性和产量的影响。结果表明:播种方式和播种量对冬小麦的生长发育及产量有显著影响,在生产实际中应结合具体情况采取适当的播种方式,播种量水平以每亩20万株左右基本苗较理想。在粳稻收获较晚,冬小麦无法适期播种时,可以采取稻田套播方式,播种量要适当增加;籼稻腾茬早的,可以选择收获后7 d左右人工撒播或条播;在茬口和气候等条件适宜的情况下,尽可能采取水稻收获后2 d左右进行冬小麦播种。条播能更充分的利用光温水等气候资源。     

稻茬冬小麦不同播种方式和播种量试验研究

稻茬冬小麦不同播种方式和播种量试验于2008—2009年度在江苏省农业科技综合展示基地(宿迁点)进行,试验共设计4种播种方式和3个播种量水平,研究分析不同播种方式和播种量及气象条件对稻茬冬小麦生长发育、抗逆性和产量的影响。结果表明:播种方式和播种量对冬小麦的生长发育及产量有显著影响,在生产实际中应结合具体情况采取适当的播种方式,播种量水平以每亩20万株左右基本苗较理想。在粳稻收获较晚,冬小麦无法适期播种时,可以采取稻田套播方式,播种量要适当增加;籼稻腾茬早的,可以选择收获后7 d左右人工撒播或条播;在茬口和气候等条件适宜的情况下,尽可能采取水稻收获后2 d左右进行冬小麦播种。条播能更充分的利用光温水等气候资源。     

根据小麦播期计算播种量的方法

根据小麦播期,冬前积温计算播种量,使冬前小麦达到壮苗标准及合理的密度,从而节约播种量,提高单产,增加经济效益,并针对１２月份开气特点,提出了３项应变措施。     

泰安冬小麦不同播期和密度处理对产量的影响

采用二因素裂区设计方法,探讨了当前气候背景下不同播种期和密度处理对冬小麦品种“山农8355”发育状况、产量和产量构成因素的影响。结果表明：不同播种期和播量处理对“山农8355”产量的影响达显著或极显著水平,“山农8355”在泰安地区适宜播种期为10月上旬,适宜播种量为150．0kg／hm2,晚播可适当增加播种量来获得较适宜的群体水平和较高的产量。     

海北地区观赏性草坪的种植与管理

选择适合海北地区气候条件及城镇建设规划要求的草种，确定适宜播种量，做好坪床建设，播种后，加强幼苗前、青苗期和枯黄期的维护管理，当年即可达到观赏程度，且投资少，草坪青绿期长、维持年限长。     

滑县晚播小麦播期播量实验结果分析

滑县有１００万亩晚播小麦。为确保夏秋粮同时高产，我们开展了晚播小麦播期和播量实验。结果表明，春性品种性和半春性品种适宜播期为１０月５－２５日，最迟不晚于１０月３０日；夏秋粮双高产的适宜播期在１０月２０－２５日。播量随不同播期变化；１０月５日播种以６ｋｇ为宜，每推迟５天播种量增加１ｋｇ．     

森林火险预报决策服务系统

为提高决策气象信息服务能力，开发研制了《森林火险预报决策服务系统》这一专业化的决策气象服务产品，为控制火灾发生提供准确及时的有关森林火灾的气象相关信息，为政府及有关部门做好决策服务工作提供依据。     

水库水位调度气候决策的经济效益评价

以黑龙江省柳河水库为例，选用连续量预报经济效益评价的数学模型，对黑龙江省水库水位。吐气候决策进行调度的经济效益进行了评价。结果表明；气候决策相对于平均值决策效益明显；如果推广到全省２６０座水库，经济效益就更可观了．     

浅谈我区农业气候评价业务工作的开展

农业气候评价是农业气象服务的组成部分,是气象为农业服务的重要形式之一。农业气候评价主要是回顾过去及当前、展望未来的气候条件造成对农业生产的具体利弊影响及程度,根据必要性提出建设性意见和农业气象对策,为我区各级政府、生产部门及农户了解具体情况进行决策和采取措施,进行阶段性生产总结提供农业气候依据,为下一步生产积累经验,为进一步完善我区农业气象业务系统建设,都会产生显著的社会效益、经济效益和业务效益。     

一种气候预测综合决策的方法——递归正权综合决策法

根据气候预测的特点，提供了以误差平方和为风险函数，以正权综合为模式的多途径气候预测决策方案。不仅从理论上论证了几种正权方法的优性，还提供了递归技巧，进一步提高了正权综合的预测精度。对1997年汛期降水预测所做的综合决策表明，该方法具有较好的综合决策能力。     

辽宁省决策气象服务平台的实现与应用

为实现辽宁决策气象服务从产品内容、产品类型、产品形式、产品制作、产品签发和产品分发的规范化、系统化,采用Visual C#语言在.Net Framework系统框架下以决策气象服务的工作思路、方法和流程为基础,开发了辽宁省决策气象服务工作平台,实现了决策气象信息的统计分析、模板化编辑、规范化发布、知识库信息查询等功能。系统可在决策服务中心的业务工作中应用。     

河套灌区食用向日葵空壳率高的原因及对策

食用向日葵生产已经成为河套灌区农民经济收入的支柱产业,但是在生产中,普遍存在着空壳率高的问题,这是生产中急待解决的问题。本文就影响食用向日葵空壳率高的主要原因进行了分析,并针对此问题提出了应对的对策。     

Beyond peasant deforestation: environment and development in rural Jamaica

Jamaica is experiencing one of the highest rates of deforestation in the world, with severe environmental consequences attendant to the loss of its forests. It is also plagued by high levels of poverty, particularly in rural areas. As throughout much of the tropics, impoverished peasant farmers are blamed as the primary agents in Jamaica's forest colonisation. Employing a case study in the Blue Mountains, this paper explores the discord that exists between forest conservation and the development priorities of poor farmers, arguing that this unsustainable dichotomy can only be understood by acknowledging the political economy which constrains peasant agriculture.     

洪水风险预测业务系统

介绍了在地图信息可化工具Ｍａｐｉｎｆｏ数据库和超文本库的支持下,通过Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ的ＯＬＥ自动化技术建成的洪水风险预测业务系统。它以直以形象的电子地图针气象、洪水、水文以及投保户保险信息,包括历史洪以淹实况机地结合起来;并通过与历史洪水受淹数据库、气象－洪水数据库等关联作出洪水风险预测,为有关部门业务 指导决策提供依据。     

Dependable dynamism: lessons for designing scientific assessment processes in consensus negotiations

Negotiations that involve the use and interpretation of scientific information and assessment are often particularly difficult, especially when the scientific input is uncertain or contested. Parties can exploit this uncertainty in order to stall progress, where they might prefer a very different policy outcome. In addition, scientific input often changes as new research is done and disseminated. In order to facilitate decision-making where science is involved, a number of international environmental agreements have established regimes, as well as assessment processes, that are designed to incorporate new information, review decisions, and modify judgments—that is, they are dynamic or adaptable. However, there is little systematic evaluation by policymakers or academic analysts of the type and qualities of such dynamism that might contribute to effective assessment and regulatory processes, or of whether this lesson is truly applicable across very different environmental issues. Examination of the recent protocol on persistent organic pollutants to the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP), in comparison to LRTAPs two previous protocols on sulfur emissions, offers a way to compare across different types of issues whether and how “adaptable” assessment processes influence consensus negotiations. The results of this comparison indicate that a type of adaptability likely to facilitate decision-making is “dependable dynamism”—the quality of assessment and decision-making processes that allows policymakers with ease to put off particular decisions for addressing in the future, with confidence that issues so put off will indeed be addressed later. The ability to modify such conclusions at a later time facilitates decision-making processes by offering a new dimension of compromise on both scientific assessment and policy decisions, and lowering the threshold of credibility necessary for decision-making.     

Assessing decision-making and economic performance of farmers to manage climate-induced crisis in Coastal Karnataka (India)

In recent years among the scientific community, adverse effects of climate change shifted from being a hypothesis to being a reality. Coastal Karnataka prioritized climate variability as a productivity-reducing factor in agriculture and fishery farming. Prevailing unsatisfactory productive services in the agricultural sector and allied industries resulted in degradation of natural resources at the farm level. The adverse impact of climate change and continued fragmentation of landholding have led to poor socio-economic status leading to high dependency on farm income and productivity. The present study is focusing on understanding the response of farmers on decision-making and economic performance due to climate change through face-to-face interviews. The decision ability of the farmers was significantly better among high-crisis management groups than small and marginal farmers, who are having highly diverse decision-making ability. Consequently, economic performance, the benefit/cost ratio of high crisis management group was greater than that of medium and low crisis management groups. Finally, this research study emphasizes the importance of behavioral responses of the farmers in formulating policies and designing strategies to overcome ill effects of the climate-induced crisis.     

基于GIS技术的人工影响天气业务系统的设计

介绍基于G IS技术,以基础地理环境为基础构筑人工影响天气业务系统平台,对炮点定位数据、卫星云图资料、雷达回波资料、气象观测资料等数据进行分析、定位及叠加等处理,为人工影响天气的决策提供依据;利用GPS技术对进行人工降雨作业的飞机进行监控,及时了解作业情况等。     

2018年我国灾害性天气及决策气象服务分析

灾害性天气的总结是研究其形成机理和变化规律的基础,也是提高预报预测准确率的有效途径,而决策气象服务是围绕天气变化进行的一项有中国特色的特殊服务,是政府部门科学决策的依据,工作对象的特殊性决定了天气预报预测能力需要不断提升和增强,决策气象服务技术需要不断改进和创新。通过对2018年全国灾害性天气特征和决策气象服务工作进行归纳、分析,并结合业务实际和未来发展,探讨性地提出改进措施,旨在建立灾害性天气和决策气象服务的内在联系,增强业务人员对天气变化规律的认知和对决策气象服务的深度理解,以预报发展推动服务水平提升,以服务需求促进预报技术提高,从而更好地发挥新形势下的决策参谋作用。     

基于GIS技术的人工影响天气业务系统的设计

介绍基于GIS技术，以基础地理环境为基础构筑人工影响天气业务系统平台，对炮点定位数据、卫星云图资料、雷达回波资料、气象观测资料等数据进行分析、定位及叠加等处理，为人工影响天气的决策提供依据；利用GPS技术对进行人工降雨作业的飞机进行监控，及时了解作业情况等。     

Drivers of collaboration to mitigate climate change: An illustration of Swiss climate policy over 15 years

Climate change mitigation policy is driven by scientific knowledge and involves actors from the international, national and local decision-making levels. This multi-level and cross-sectoral context requires collaborative management when designing mitigation solutions over time and space. But collaboration in general policymaking settings, and particularly in the complex domain of climate mitigation, is not an easy task. This paper addresses the question of what drives collaboration among collective actors involved in climate mitigation policy. We wish to investigate whether common beliefs or power structures influence collaboration among actors. We adopt a longitudinal approach to grasp differences between the early and more advanced stages of mitigation policy design. We use survey data to investigate actors’ collaboration, beliefs and power, and apply a Stochastic Actor-oriented Model for network dynamics to three subsequent networks in Swiss climate policy between 1995 and 2012. Results show that common beliefs among actors, as well as formal power structures, have a higher impact on collaboration relations than perceived power structures. Furthermore, those effects hold true for decision-making about initial mitigation strategies, but less so for the implementation of those measures.