青海省曲麻菜地区上三叠统巴颜喀拉山群砂岩成分与构造背景探讨

本文选取巴颜喀拉山群复理石沉积中砂岩、粉砂岩样品，进行主量元素地球化学分析，并利用分析结果对其物源区沉积大地构造背景进行判别。结果显示，晚三叠世巴颜喀拉山群物源主要来自大洋岛弧，少量来自大陆岛弧，表明当时研究区处于邻近大洋岛弧的周缘前陆盆地环境。     

青海省达卡地区三叠系巴颜喀拉山群岩石学特征及物源分析

通过对青海省达卡地区三叠系巴颜喀拉山群碎屑岩的岩石学特征、岩石地球化学特征进行研究,初步分析了该地区的物源。研究表明,达卡地区的三叠系巴颜喀拉山群岩石类型复杂,其复成分的砾岩、岩屑长石砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩均表现出近源沉积的特征,该区的构造背景以活动大陆为主,次为大陆岛弧区,物源性质主要为再旋回物源区造山带,少量为岩浆岛弧带,表现出物源的多样性,主体应为一套以变质酸性火山岩为主的区域。化学蚀变指数(CIA)及成分成熟度(ICV)均较低,反映出物源区可能处于半干旱-干旱气候条件的构造较活动区域。     

巴颜喀拉三叠纪沉积盆地岩石地球化学特征与物源区构造背景的探讨： …

本文从岩石地球化学特征微观角度,探索巴颜喀拉三叠纪沉积盆地物源区的构造背景,据盆地东部阿坝－若尔盖,小金０马尔康及雅江次级盆地岩屑砂岩宏量,微量,稀土元素地球化学特征,巴颜喀拉三叠纪沉积盆地物源区的大地构造背景在不同时期表现为被动大陆国缘,大陆鸟弧,活动大陆边缘和大洋岛弧等。     

巴颜喀拉三叠纪沉积盆地岩石地球化学特征与物源区构造背景的探讨--以阿坝-若尔盖、小金-马尔康及雅江盆地为例

本文从岩石地球化学特征微观角度,探索巴颜喀拉三叠纪沉积盆地物源区构造背景。据盆地东部阿坝若尔盖、小金马尔康及雅江次级盆地岩屑砂岩宏量、微量、稀土元素地球化学特征,巴颜喀拉三叠纪沉积盆地物源区的大地构造背景在不同时期表现为被动大陆边缘、大陆岛弧、活动大陆边缘和大洋岛弧等。盆地边缘与不同性质的洋壳、陆壳和过渡壳呈不同程度的接触,是造成沉积物多来源、成分复杂的根本原因     

雅鲁藏布江周缘前陆盆地物源分析及构造演化

本文通过雅鲁藏布江缝合带南侧江孜和岗巴地区晚白垩世-古近纪沉积地层的碎屑岩岩石学、地球化学和铬尖晶石电子探针分析,揭示了碰撞前后沉积盆地的物源区变化,提供了盆地和造山带早期的演化历史.江孜地区上白垩统宗卓组属于弧-陆或陆-陆碰撞背景下的海沟沉积.日朗砾岩中的岩屑质长石砂岩地球化学特征反映有大洋岛弧物质的注入,物源区为大洋岛弧或增生楔.上古新统-下始新统甲查拉组长石质岩屑砂岩反映了冈底斯岛弧和再循环造山带物源区特征,是陆-陆碰撞背景下形成的周缘前陆盆地的前渊沉积.岗巴地区古新统基堵拉组石英砂岩表现为印度大陆内部物源区特征,而始新统遮普惹组岩屑砂岩为再循环造山带和冈底斯岛弧物源区.沉积特征和物源区综合研究表明,雅鲁藏布江周缘前陆盆地在古新世期间开始发育,它指示了印度与欧亚板块的初始碰撞时间.     

西昆仑麻扎构造混杂岩带中－下侏罗统叶尔羌群源区构造背景分析

本文在收集和总结前人研究成果的基础上,通过对西昆仑麻扎地区中-下侏罗统叶尔羌群碎屑组分和砂岩地球化学特征分析,讨论了叶尔羌群沉积源区大地构造背景.在莎里塔什组沉积时期,物源区的构造背景主要为大陆岛弧、大洋岛弧的性质;杨叶组沉积时期,源区的大地构造背景为大陆岛弧,兼有活动大陆边缘性质;塔尔尕组沉积时期,源区构造背景复杂:既显示活动大陆边缘和岛弧(大洋岛弧、大陆岛弧)的性质,同时还显示出被动陆缘环境,其可能与晚三叠世造山开始时克拉通地块边缘的卷入有关.     

青海格尔木市黑海地区三叠系巴颜喀拉山群变质碎屑岩地球化学特征及物源分析

巴颜喀拉地块位于青藏高原东北部,是古特提斯的主体,对其进行深入的研究不仅对确定古特提斯的演化过程与方式具有重要意义,而且对探讨该地区与古板块演化有关的成矿地质作用和矿产分布规律具有重要的现实意义。巴颜喀拉山群位于巴颜喀拉地块,对其物源研究较为薄弱。碎屑岩中的碎屑组分特征和地球化学特征可以反映物源区和沉积盆地的构造环境。本文通过对三叠系巴颜喀拉山群变碎屑岩岩相学特征、沉积结构特征、地球化学判别参数以及地球化学判别图解的研究,结合前人在这一地区所做的如古水流等相关工作,认为巴颜喀拉沉积盆地是在古老基底裂解的基础上形成的,存在裂陷扩张、海水加深的过程,具有大陆岛弧和活动大陆边缘型物源的特征,接受其北部东昆仑造山带碎屑的沉积,沉积物来自亲上地壳长英质源区。     

孙吴-嘉荫盆地白垩系淘淇河组-太平林场组砂岩主量元素的地球化学特征

沉积盆地中砂岩的地球化学特征主要受物源区控制,碎屑岩的地球化学成分可揭示沉积物的地质信息.笔者通过对孙吴-嘉荫盆地白垩系淘淇河组-太平林场组砂岩的主量元素地球化学特征分析,结合砂岩薄片碎屑成分统计表明:淘淇河组-太平林场组时期物源区的大地构造背景主要为活动大陆边缘,包括大陆岛弧和大洋岛弧.物源区母岩类型主要为花岗岩,中酸性火山岩及低级变质岩.盆地不同位置物源区的大地构造背景和母岩类型有所不同.结合区域地质资料综合分析认为:在淘淇河组-太平林场组沉积时期,小兴安岭仅在太平林场组时期不是盆地主要物源区,而佳木斯地块一直是盆地东部的一个主要物源区.     

西昆仑甜水海地块巴颜喀拉山群地球化学特征和碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学特征:对物源及构造环境的启示

松潘-甘孜-巴颜喀拉沉积盆地位于青藏高原东北部,主体地层为三叠系巴颜喀拉山群,其形成与特提斯演化密切相关。前人对盆地中东部进行了大量研究工作,但对盆地西部的研究较为薄弱。西昆仑甜水海地块位于松潘-甘孜-巴颜喀拉沉积盆地西部,区内广泛出露三叠系巴颜喀拉山群,是区域地层系统的重要组成部分。本文选取甜水海地块阿克萨依地区的该套地层进行全岩地球化学及锆石U-Pb年代学研究,限定其形成时代及物质来源,探讨沉积构造背景。该区巴颜喀拉山群浅变质碎屑沉积岩最年轻碎屑锆石年龄峰与侵入其中的岩体限定了该区巴颜喀拉山群沉积时代为209～246 Ma。成分变异指数(ICV)与化学蚀变指数(CIA)的研究表明原岩成熟度中等,化学风化作用较弱。微量、稀土元素含量及比值(如, La、Ce、Th、U、Hf、∑REE及LaN/YbN)与大陆岛弧碎屑沉积物特征值较为接近,结合构造判别图解,我们认为该套浅变质碎屑岩可能沉积于大陆岛弧相关的盆地中,这与松潘-甘孜-巴颜喀拉沉积盆地东部的大地构造环境相似,支持其为盆地西延的观点。岩相学、地球化学、锆石形态及年龄特征分析表明,研究区巴颜喀拉山群主要接受西昆仑造山带内的近源碎屑沉积,少量前寒武纪碎屑可能来自冈瓦那大陆北缘。     

阿拉克湖幅地质调查新成果及主要进展

将东昆仑造山带划分为东昆北古老基底单元、东昆中早古生代构造混杂岩带、东昆南早古生代构造混杂岩带、马尔争-布青山晚古生代构造混杂岩带和巴颜喀拉山三叠纪浊积盆地5个次级构造单元,重新厘定了东昆仑不同构造混杂岩带的组成、结构、性质和时代,恢复了古海盆的演化历史.通过成分分析和颗粒裂变径迹年龄分析,确定了测区巴颜喀拉山群物源来自北部,基底性质可与马尔争-布青山带相对比,恢复了巴颜喀拉山群经历的构造热历史.运用构造年代学分析方法限定了测区经历的几次重大地质历史转折事件.确定了测区浆混花岗岩的存在.通过构造地貌和第四纪沉积分析,揭示了测区第四纪成山作用过程、水系变迁过程和古环境古气候演变过程.新发现一中型砂岩型铜矿.     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.