DEM6型小风表检定校准曲线精度估计方法初探

对ＤＥＭ６型轻便三杯风向风速表（简称小风表）检定结果中的线性校准曲线及线性回归方程进行分析，提出对其进行精度估计的方法，从而有效地评估检定质量，剔除无效检定。     

省级气象计量检定信息系统设计与应用

根据气象计量工作的特点,研制了气象计量检定信息系统。信息系统包括气象计量仪器的管理系统及气象用风速表、空盒气压表、温度表、湿度表、通风干湿表和动槽水银气压表的检定系统,实现了检定数据的自动处理、仪器信息的网络调用及网上查询、打印等功能。     

利用风洞检定轻便风速表的计算程序设计

利用风洞检定轻便风速表的计算程序设计吴非洋（河南省气象局装备处检定所,郑州·４５０００３）轻便风速表检定规程规定,检定证书上除给出校准方程外,同时还应给出校准曲线。因此,需要利用回归分析方法,绘制校准曲线,制作检定表。目前业务中一般是使用计算器和人工...     

回归方程在风速表计量中的应用

风速表计量中校准曲线的绘制是关键步骤,掌握不好,就会前功尽弃。本文就如何用直线回归法绘制风速表校准图线作些理论和经验上的探讨,以便互相交流学习。 一、问题的提出 风速是校准图线的传统方法是由测量范围内的实际风速值与风速表显示值逐点绘制在坐标纸上,然后均匀地通过各点画一直线而得到。这种方法随意性大,当各检定点分散时,很难判断出兼顾各点的一条最佳直线。由于缺乏严密的数学尺度,即使是同一个人     

风速仪在风洞检定中的阻塞修正

文章讨论风速表在风洞中检定（测试）时，其阻塞效应引起的计量误差。根据国家计量量值传递规定，将二元风洞里正圆柱的固体阻塞修正方法扩展为风速传感器阻塞系数的计算方法，建立数学计算模式。     

微风洞装置

微风洞装置胡应忠刘书尧赵步达付瀛涛（山西省气象技术装备中心０３０００２）１概况目前,全国省级气象计量检定所绝大多数使用ＤＪＭ１３型小风洞检定装置。由于技术不断发展、业务不断拓宽,现已不完全适应小型风速表的检定测试业务要求,更新先进设备势在必行。我们由...     

用回归分析法求风速表的校准曲线

风速表检定后要在检定证书上给出校准曲线。传统的方法是根据检定点的实际风速和风速表的指示风速点点划线。这种方法简便,但误差较大。这里讨论用回归分析法确定校准曲线。     

PC—1500计算机轻便风速表检定记录整理程序

一、概述:轻便风速表的检定实际上是在特制的小风洞内测定人工制成的风速值与作用在轻便风速表上的感应值之差值。所以轻便风速表检定对各种气象条件的要求是比较严格的,即气压变化平稳,空气温度和湿度要稳定少变。但大范围的恒温恒湿、和稳定的气压一     

测量风速的一种新方法

风速表在应用研究和工业应用中广泛使用。下面简单介绍一下各种风速表的一些特性。热线风速表和热膜风速表是根据风的冷却率来测定风速的,一般说来,其体积小,在气压相差较大情况下也适用。热线风速表在瞬时气流测量上是很好的。它的频率响应特性可达几百千赫。但是其检定曲线随着周围温度的改变,探头的污染和长期持续使用而变化。热线装置容易损坏,因此不太适用于风向多变的场合。热膜仪器比较结实,而且膜的电阻高,能提供较大的信噪比增益。热膜风速表主要用来测量液体湍流,也可测量气体中的湍流。膜     

DEM6型测风仪器检定数据处理方法的改进

DEM6型轻便三杯风向风速表是气象上常用的测风仪器之一，具有测量精度高、携带方便等特点，野外作业普遍采用该种仪器。目前此风速表的主要检定设备为DJMB型轻便风速表检定器（简称风洞）。检定周期为3年。下面就我区DEM6型测风仪器检定数据处理方法的使用与改进作一介绍：1检定数据处理方法的使用在整理检定结果时，先计算出标准状态下的相当风速v1，并根据检定过程中的室内温度、大气压力和相对湿度平均值计算出风速值的空气密度修正系数kp1，从而求出总订正系数K。利用检定器上静压孔的测量结果，计算实测风速v以及实际风速v与指示…     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.