广利河口拦门沙发育动态和河口航道的选择

根据现场调查和历史资料,获取了广利河口拦门沙水动力特征、海底地形和底质特征,对拦门沙的动态发育和波浪作用下拦门沙运动状态进行了分析,探讨了广利河口的航道选择方案。分析结果认为,广利河槽外航道宜从东偏南向入海。     

广利河口拦门沙的沉积特征与冲淤过程的研究

为给广利河口航道的建设提供科学依据,通过对研究区现场调查,查明了广利河口拦门沙水动力特征、海底地形、底质特征和地层垂向分布特征。在进行沉积物分析与历史资料对比分析的基础上,探讨了拦门沙体的沉积特征和冲淤过程。分析认为,广利河口拦门沙是在浅海-潮坪基础上接受广利河、支脉河和溢洪河携运泥沙堆积而成,海岸滩涂沉积物和黄河口水下岸坡物质对拦门沙的发育也产生了一定的影响。在河流和海洋动力作用的改造下,现在拦门沙基本进入冲淤平衡时期。但近期由于人工因素的影响,拦门沙顶出现暂时的淤积。研究结果还表明：拦门沙体北侧水动力作用明显强于南侧,航道设计为东偏南较好。     

长江口深水航道治理一期工程实施对北槽拦门沙的影响

介绍了长江口拦门沙发育及其特点和北槽航道拦门沙形成机理，利用长江口深水航道治理一期工程实施后的地形资料分析治理工程对北槽航道拦门沙影响。结果表明：治理工程建成后，增加了主槽流速，减少了航道回淤，打通北槽航道拦门沙，增加了航道水深，治理工程效果明显。     

广利河口拦门沙运动特性及水力插板断面模型试验研究

通过对广利河口拦门沙运动参数的测试及3种下水力插板上波浪力的试验研究,定量给出了泥沙初动、中动、普动、扬动变化曲线,准确绘制了水力插板波压力分布图,为广利河口拦门沙治理和航道管理提供了科学依据。     

广利河口航道整治研究

广利河口拦门沙航道水深较浅,用双导堤结合航道疏浚进行整治。通过潮流定床模型试验对航道走向、导堤间距、高程、水流流态和堤头布置等进行了方案优化,同时采用局部动床定性试验进行了验证。推荐方案沿程流速、流态分布合理,基本能维持航道水深并满足设计船型的航行条件,可供类似河口治理参考。     

防城港“拦门沙”航道泥沙冲淤变化规律的研究

防城港位于防城湾内。在湾口,由于“拦门沙”的横亘,致使航道形成水深仅为三米的浅水段(见图1),妨碍一定吨位船舶的通航,需要进行开挖。但开挖后,航道能否维持所需水深,则是建港工程所关注的问题。在经过一定工作以后,对该段航道进行了一次试挖(我们称为试挖段)。本文仅据部分实测资     

广利港口拦门沙航道开挖后淤积强度预测

广利港口拦门沙的发育使得对航道疏浚的要求日益迫切，而疏浚后海底地形的改变会导致水动力条件的变化而产生泥沙回淤。本文利用已得的数据资料以及数值模拟后的数据资料进行了回淤强度的预算，并据此对航道疏浚后每年的清淤量提出了合理的建议。     

龙口港航道泥沙淤积状况及其动态分析

根据1989年11月至1992年5月二次实测水深资料，分析了龙口港航道淤积变化及形成外航道口门拦门沙坝的原因。     

1980年以来山东文登张家埠港冲淤演变分析

山东文登张家埠港位于山东半岛南部的靖海湾，属于潮汐汊道-溺谷型海湾，研究其冲淤演变特征，对于认识这类海湾的动力地貌演变以及人类活动对海湾的影响具有一定参考价值。本文基于1980、1997、2009和2021年4年份的海图水深资料，采用GIS技术进行等深线叠加分析和数字化定量冲淤计算，分析1980年以来张家埠港航道地区的等深线变化、平面冲淤变化及固定剖面的地形变化。结果表明：1980-2021年，张家埠港整体处于淤积态势，平均淤积厚度为1.08 m;0 m等深线整体向航道中心淤进，5 m等深线淤积变浅面积减少了67.01%；航道在塘子咀至长会口咀岸段西侧的淤积厚度远大于东侧。自1980年以来，张家埠港两侧养殖池的修建改变了当地的潮流状况，导致航道内由淤积转为侵蚀状态，长会口外的拦门沙被迫下移，张家埠港的地貌发生了深刻变化。     

潮汐通道口拦门沙航道的淤积计算

本文采用预报公式结合数学模型计算了华南W港拦门沙航道开挖和大台风过后悬沙和底沙的淤积量。计算结果得到与W港相类似港口实测资料验证。符合程度较好。     

椒江河口盐淡水混合对口外拦门沙的作用

本文根据1980年洪季和1983年枯季对椒江河口两次9站同步大潮的水文泥沙观测,探讨盐淡水混合对口外拦门沙的作用,观测数据的分析和计算表明,拦门沙年内洪淤枯冲的变化规律与河口“锋面”(全潮净流速为零的面)密切有关,而与近底层“滞流点”的关系不大。经拦门沙断面量测,证实了分析结果与实际量测情况基本相符。     

Effects of the Anthropogenic Activities on the Morphological Evolution of the Modaomen Estuary, Pearl River Delta, China

Owing to the intensive human activities, the Modaomen Estuary has been significantly modified since 1950s, which has resulted in considerable changes of hydrodynamics and morphodynamics in the area. In this paper, the effects of the anthropogenic activities on the hydrodynamics and morphological evolution in the estuary at different stages are systematically assessed based on the detailed bathymetric data and field survey. The results show that the human activities have caused the channelization of the enclosed sea area in the Modamen Estuary; fast seaward movement of the mouth bar with high siltation; expansion of the channel volume due to channel deepening. The paper also highlights the main hydrodynamic changes in the estuary, including the rise of the water level; the distinguishing changes of tidal range before and after the 1990s (decrease and increase respectively); as well as the increase of the divided flow ratio. It is found that reclamation is the main factor promoting the transition of nature of the estuary from runoff dominant to runoff and wave dominant, and sand mining activities are mainly to strengthen the tidal dynamic and to low the water level. The results provide useful guidance for better planning of the future developments in the estuary and further research in the area.     

Distribution of coliform bacteria in the coastal water

Distribution of coliform bacteria was surveyed monthly during July-1968 through December-1969 in Shimizu Harbor and Orido Bay. Among three significant rivers flowing into the coastal region, the water of Tomoe River was most microbiologically polluted. Throughout the period of investigation horizontal distribution of the bacterial density was highest at the estuary of the Tomoe River, and its density decreased toward Shimizu Harbor and Orido Bay.It was shown that the bacterial density decreased from surface to deeper layer. High density of bacteria was observed in bottom deposits at winter. The bacterial distribution might be disturbed by current caused by geographical features.Various types of coliform group were isolated in the surveyed areas. All types ofE. coli, E. freundii, A. aerogenes and Irregular appeared in the area of estuaries, and only limited types occurred in offshore.Bacterial number increased from upper stream toward the mouth of each river. The bacterial density differed from river to river. In the rivers flowing through the city the bacterial density changed with water temperature, whereas in the river running through agricultual district it might be affected with the rainfall.     

珠江口磨刀门月际尺度地貌演变研究

本文基于二维波流耦合泥沙数学模型对磨刀门河口月际尺度地貌演变进行了模拟研究。结果表明:（1）枯季，无波浪作用下，磨刀门河口总体呈淤积状态；波流耦合后，磨刀门河口整体由淤积转为以冲刷为主。洪季，无波浪作用下，磨刀门河口除西汊外均呈淤积状态；波流耦合后，拦门沙内坡与中心区转为冲刷状态，整体仍以淤积为主，但总淤积量减少；（2）月际尺度上，地貌变化幅度为厘米级，洪枯季具有明显差异。不考虑波浪作用下，磨刀门河口洪、枯季均以淤积为主，但洪季淤积幅度更大；波流耦合后，磨刀门河口呈洪淤枯冲的格局；（3）空间上，拦门沙外坡洪淤枯冲，拦门沙顶洪季淤积、枯季变化不大，内坡洪枯季均为冲刷。此外，拦门沙内坡以径潮流作用产生的底切应力为主，外坡以波浪作用引起的底切应力为主。     

Tidal Constituents in the Shallow Waters of the Southwest Indian Coast

A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was set up and validated for the west coast of India. The spatio-temporal variation of the tidal constituents for a 110 km stretch of the southwest coast of India was then studied by setting up a fine grid model. The study brings out variability in the shallow water constituents and their selective amplification. Within the Cochin estuary, the amplitudes of almost all the major tidal constituents show a gradual reduction upstream compared to other locations. The shallow water constituents show significant amplification and Z0, the constituent related to mean sea level shows five-fold amplification within the estuary.     

1973 年以来射阳河口附近海岸蚀淤变化遥感分析

以射阳河口北部扁担港口和射阳河口南部斗龙港口之间的海岸作为研究区,基于1973,1987,2000和2013年四期Landsat影像提取了该岸段岸线,并进行了时空变化分析。结果表明,射阳河口以北的扁担港口—射阳河口岸段仍处于侵蚀状态,呈现侵蚀—淤积—缓慢侵蚀的变化格局,40 a间侵蚀面积为12.6 km2,淤积面积为1.0 km2;射阳河口以南的射阳河口—斗龙港口岸段处于淤积的态势,呈现淤积—快速淤积—缓慢淤积的格局,40 a间淤积的面积为223.1 km2,仅在2000~2013年间该岸段北部出现了侵蚀。结论是虽然射阳河口以南岸段仍总体处于淤积的过程中,但是近年来江苏海岸的侵蚀范围已经扩展到了射阳河口以南,这证明了江苏海岸侵蚀岸段有进一步扩大的趋势。