青藏高原夏季高层纬向风季节内振荡特征

利用1979—2019年ECMWF提供的ERA-Interim逐日再分析资料,采用Morlet小波分析、滤波及合成分析等方法,探究了青藏高原夏季对流层高层纬向风季节内振荡（IntraSeasonal Oscillation,ISO）的主要周期及其传播特征。结果表明：青藏高原夏季高层纬向风季节内振荡的主要周期为10～30 d,其强度存在明显的年际差异。在纬向风ISO强年,振荡过程持续时间长、振幅强,ISO方差中心从对流层高层向下影响到对流层中层,表现为相当正压结构。其传播在纬向上主要表现为ISO中心从高原东部3次向东传,可达西太平洋地区;经向上分别有4次自中高纬向南传播的10～30 d ISO中心与来自低纬地区的ISO中心在高原南侧汇合,其强度在高原南侧有所加强,强振荡中心可向南传播到达低纬地区。ISO的位相演变主要表现为低频反气旋和低频气旋中心在高原东部交替出现,引起东部地区上空低频东风和低频西风的强度变化。在ISO极端活跃位相,高原东部低频西风达最强。     

区域海气耦合模式模拟的2003年东亚夏季风季节内振荡

评估了一个区域海气耦合模式(由区域环境系统集成模式RIEMS和普林斯顿海洋模式POM组成)对2003年东亚夏季风季节内振荡(ISO)的模拟性能。通过与观测海温驱动单独大气模式结果的比较,分析了海气耦合过程对东亚夏季大气ISO模拟性能的影响。结果表明:耦合模式能够模拟出2003年中国东部地区夏季降水的气候态分布,模拟的中国东部尤其是江淮地区大气ISO活动较单独大气模式更为显著。同时,耦合模式能够较好地再现大气ISO经向上北传的传播特征,模拟的江淮流域降水处于活跃和中断期时西北太平洋地区低频降水和环流异常在强度和空间分布上较单独大气模式都更为合理。相比于单独大气模式,耦合模式对大气ISO模拟的改善,一方面与其对气候态西北太平洋副热带高压和相关对流层底层风场模拟的改善有关,另一方面与其包含海气相互作用,因而对低频降水与海温和水汽辐合位相关系模拟的改善有关。     

1998年夏季中国降水多尺度振荡特征的区域气候模拟

利用RegCM3对1998年东亚夏季胍气候进行了季节尺度模拟,并利用小波分解方法对比分析了模式对中国各气候区夏季降水多尺度振荡的模拟能力。结果表明：模式能基本准确模拟1998年夏季中国各气候区逐月平均降水的分布和中国东部雨带推进过程,但模拟和观测的逐日降水演变存在明显区别。模式对各气候区低频降水的模拟准确率一般都是最高的,降水模拟误差主要是由模式对其他各周期分量降水振荡模拟误差造成的,一般对降水高频振荡模拟误差都比较大。各区域降水分别存在主振荡类型,模式对1998年夏季华南地区降水主振荡（低频和8d周期振荡）和长江中下游地区降水主振荡（4d周期振荡）模拟较好是这两个地区降水模拟准确率较高的主要原因。     

东亚季风区大气季节内振荡经向与纬向传播特征分析

将NECP/NCAR资料中850 hPa纬向风分量进行30～60天带通滤波, 研究东亚季风区大气季节内振荡的传播特征。分析表明, 夏季东亚季风区大气季节内振荡(ISO)的传播分为经向传播和纬向传播, 其中经向传播主要为热带地区ISO的向北传播, 纬向传播则是分别起源于印度季风区的ISO东传和起源于西太平洋海域的ISO西传。东传和西传的ISO在120°E附近汇合后增强自热带地区北传到此的ISO, 使得ISO在经向上可以继续向北传播, 其最北界可达35°N以北, 并对我国长江中下游地区夏季降水产生一定的影响。     

热带大气季节内振荡的一个数值模拟研究

文中分析了中国科学院大气物理研究所全球气候谱模式ALGCM (R4 2L9) 12a(1978～ 1989年 )积分的逐日输出结果 ,并与 1978～ 1989年的逐日NCEP资料对照 ,以此对热带季节内振荡 (30～ 6 0d振荡 )进行数值模拟研究。分析表明 ,该模式在热带地区可以模拟出明显的季节内振荡 (ISO)的准周期信号 ,并抓住了热带ISO的基本传播特征 ,能较好地再现东、西半球传播速度的差异 ,同时模式模拟存在东传要好于西传 ,冬、春季的模拟要好于夏、秋季的现象。该模式模拟的热带ISO的强度较许多大气模式明显提高 ,尤其是对 2 0 0hPa上ISO动能强度的模拟。模式基本模拟出了ISO低层辐合、高层辐散的水平风场特征。模式较好地再现了热带ISO纬向风的垂直结构。此外 ,观测资料表明热带ISO在冬、春强 ,而夏、秋弱的季节性倾向与ISO的年际变化相联系 ,模拟的ISO在季节性倾向偏差上表现为冬、夏相对强 ,而春、秋相对弱。垂直速度、散度、水汽等物理量的配置同NCEP资料的结构特征仍有明显差异 ,模拟的ISO空间分布也不太理想 ,表明要很好模拟ISO结构和空间分布特征 ,还须做不少工作。     

大气季节内振荡的数值模拟 Ⅱ. 全球变暖的影响

利用中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室 (LASG)发展的耦合气候模式FGOALS1.0_g控制试验、二氧化碳 (CO2)浓度加倍试验模拟结果及实测结果 (NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料)研究了全球变暖对大气季节内振荡 (ISO)特征变化的影响.通过对比分析控制试验、二氧化碳浓度加倍试验模拟结果及观测结果发现: (1)FGOALS1.0_g耦合气候模式具有一定的模拟季节内振荡的能力, 主要表现为模式能够模拟出ISO活跃区的位置、中心位置的季节变动以及强度的季节变化, 其缺陷是模拟的ISO强度偏弱, 模拟的ISO周期不显著且偏高频; (2)实测资料诊断分析得到的近六十年来偏暖阶段ISO活跃区强度增强及范围扩大可能不是人类活动影响使温室气体增加所导致的, 它可能是大气ISO本身的年代际尺度变化; (3)近六十年来纬向东传波 (西传波)的能量的存在增长 (减少)趋势的主要原因可能是人类活动影响引起温室气体增加所导致的; (4)由于FGOALS1.0_g耦合气候模式在模拟ISO主周期及强度方面时存在不足, 因此实测结果诊断分析得到的偏暖阶段ISO小波能量强, 主周期范围大, 偏冷阶段反之的结论用FGOALS1.0_g耦合气候模式尚难以证实.     

北半球副热带—中纬度太平洋大气季节内扰动的纬向传播与东亚夏季旱涝

用时空滤波和Morlet小波方法,分析了1958—2000年夏季东亚(20°—45°N,110°—135°E)不同纬带(由南到北分为4个区域)的降水分别与太平洋同一纬带上大气30—60 d振荡(ISO)沿纬圈传播的关系及其成因机制。发现太平洋上经向风ISO向西传播的强或弱,是东亚夏季风区降水偏多或偏少的必要条件。对逐年夏季的分析表明,无论当年东亚夏季风强与否,在所划分的几个东亚季风区所有涝的年份里,太平洋同一纬带上大气ISO向西传播都明显较强,而在这些区域绝大多数旱的年份里,相应的ISO向西传播明显较弱。进一步分析发现,经向风ISO的纬向传播对应着大气经向型环流系统的移动,向西传影响东亚夏季风区降水的ISO有来自低纬中东太平洋东风流中的低频气旋(如副热带东风带中ISO的演变);也有来自中高纬度阿拉斯加湾及鄂霍次克海一带低频低压(如洋中槽)和高压(如阻塞高压和东北太平洋高压)的向南向西频散。因此东亚夏季旱涝不但与热带季风有关,而且与中东太平洋副热带东风系统中ISO的向西传播、中高纬度长波调整时低频扰动向西南经北太平洋副热带的传播密切相关。     

夏季中国东部降水季节内振荡的区域模式模拟

利用中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学与地球流体力学国家重点实验室( LASG)发展的区域气候模式CREM,对中国东部夏季降水的季节内振荡(ISO)进行了模拟研究,通过与格点和卫星观测降水资料及NCEP2再分析资料的对比,评估了该模式的优缺点.结果表明,该模式对东部季风区ISO具有较强的模拟能力.模式能够模拟出中国东部夏...     

副热带北太平洋大气季节内振荡时空特征的诊断研究

用时空谱分析和小波变换方法,对1958—2002年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料经、纬向风速和位势高度的年时间序列进行了波谱分析,并重点研究了北太平洋副热带区域经向风30—60天振荡(ISO)的时空特征。研究结果表明,北半球经向风与纬向风和位势高度的30—60天振荡特征迥然不同,代表风场经向低频扰动的经向风ISO在副热带和中高纬度最为活跃,而在热带地区的活动十分微弱;北半球副热带850 hPa高度场和纬向风在10—90天内(季节内)振荡的主要能量集中在纬圈波数为1、周期为30—60天的波动上,而850 hPa经向风季节内振荡的主要能量集中在纬圈波数为4—6、周期为30—60天以及70—90天的波动上,上述3个物理量30—60天振荡向西传播的能量都强于向东传播的能量。一年当中,东亚到北太平洋的副热带地区,经向风ISO在东亚—西北太平洋与东北太平洋两个区域的活动最强,且在这两个区域存在明显的季节振荡,即东北太平洋的ISO在冬季最强在夏季最弱,而东亚—西北太平洋区域的ISO在夏季最强冬季最弱。850 hPa经向风ISO的年际和年代际变化分析表明,在东亚副热带区域其活动1958—1975年较强,1976—1990年明显减弱,而1991—2000年最强;其在ENSO发生期间有较为明显的异常活动,但其强弱变化没有显著的定势,然而2—7年的带通滤波分析表明西北太平洋ISO的年际活动含有较显著的ENSO信号,9年的低通滤波分析表明,年代际时间尺度上,西北太平洋ISO的活动与ENSO循环有较为显著的反相关特征,而东北太平洋区域ISO与ENSO循环有较为显著的正相关关系。     

谱模式SAMIL对南亚季风区大气季节内振荡向北传播的模拟

基于与NCEP资料结果的比较,研究了中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室发展的大气环流模式SAMIL对夏季南亚季风区季节内振荡（ISO）向北传播特征的模拟,并结合目前对ISO北传机制的理解对模拟结果进行了分析讨论。SAMIL在夏季南亚地区模拟出相当强度的季节内振荡的活动,并且模拟的ISO也表现出与NCEP资料相似的从赤道向北传播的特征,但传播的速度要慢于NCEP资料的结果。模拟的北传ISO具有与NCEP资料相似的结构特征,涡度和水汽场明显的呈经向不对称,涡度和水汽的正异常位于ISO对流的北面,最大的上升运动和最强的行星边界层辐合也位于ISO对流的北面。ISO 结构的经向不对称性正是模式模拟的ISO具有向北传播特征的原因;而模式对夏季南亚季风区高低层风场和行星边界层水汽的合理模拟起了关键的作用。同时,根据关于ISO北传机理的已有研究,模式的结果也表明南亚地区夏季风场的垂直结构是那里ISO向北传播的重要机制。     

Intraseasonal Oscillation in the Tropical Indian Ocean

1. Introduction The intraseasonal oscillation (ISO or Madden- Julian Oscillation, MJO) in the tropical atmosphere has been studied extensively, including its existence, structure, evolution and propagation (Madden and Ju- lian, 1971; Murakami, et al., 198…     

The East Asia-western North Pacific boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation simulated in GAMIL 1.1.1

We evaluate the performance of GAMIL1.1.1 in a 27-year forced simulation of the summer intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) over East Asia (EA)-western North Pacific (WNP). The assessment is based on two measures: climatological ISO (CISO) and transient ISO (TISO). CISO is the ISO component that is phase-locked to the annual cycle and describes seasonal march. TISO is the ISO component that varies year by year. The model reasonably captures many observed features of the ISO, including the stepwise northward advance of the rain belt of CISO, the dominant periodicities of TISO in both the South China Sea-Philippine Sea (SCS-PS) and the Yangtze River Basin (YRB), the northward propagation of 30--50-day TISO and the westward propagation of the 12--25-day TISO mode over the SCS-PS, and the zonal propagating features of three major TISO modes over the YRB. However, the model has notable deficiencies. These include the early onset of the South China Sea monsoon associated with CISO, too fast northward propagation of CISO from 20^oN to 40^oN and the absence of the CISO signal south of 10^oN, the deficient eastward propagation of the 30--50-day TISO mode and the absence of a southward propagation in the YRB TISO modes. The authors found that the deficiencies in the ISO simulation are closely related to the model's biases in the mean states, suggesting that the improvement of the model mean state is crucial for realistic simulation of the intraseasonal variation.     

夏季长江中下游旱涝年季节内振荡气候特征

利用1951—2004年我国740站逐日降水资料对夏季长江中下游典型旱涝年季节内振荡周期、强度和位相等特征进行合成对比分析发现:长江中下游涝年降水季节内振荡周期较旱年长, 涝年以30~60 d周期为主, 而旱年以10~30 d周期为主。旱涝年长江中下游地区夏季降水的10~30 d振荡整体上均强于30~60 d振荡; 10~30 d及30~60 d振荡, 涝年的强度都大于旱年。季节内振荡在旱年的北传较涝年强, 能达到50°N附近; 而涝年不仅有明显的季节内振荡从低纬度地区向北传播, 同时还有弱的振荡从中高纬度地区向南传播, 两者汇合于长江流域形成强的振荡中心。影响我国低频降水的低频异常环流分布模态在旱涝年是一致的, 但涝年的低频环流强于旱年, 而这种低频环流场的差异正是造成涝年的低频降水强于旱年的原因之一。     

1998年夏季长江流域大气季节内振荡的结构演变及其对降水的影响

利用中国逐日降水格点资料和NCAR/NCEP再分析资料,对1998年发生在我国东部长江中下游流域的夏季持续性强降水过程中显著的大气季节内振荡(ISO)的三维结构演变等活动特征进行了分析。1998年夏季长江及江南地区的异常强降水对应着该地区强的ISO活动。利用位相合成方法,对长江流域两个典型的季节内循环周期的ISO降水、850 hPa水平风场以及水汽和垂直速度等循环过程的时空分布特征进行了诊断分析。在低频环流场上,对流层低层的低频气旋和反气旋环流表现出交替在热带西北太平洋增强并向西偏北方向移动发展的特征,当异常气旋环流移动到长江流域上空时,长江流域正好位于气旋环流西南侧的东北风异常和西北太平洋上向西移动的反气旋环流西北侧的西南风异常环流汇合处的下方,引起该地区强降水的发生。在强降水阶段的ISO的垂直结构上,上升运动和水汽表现出从华南到长江流域自南向北移动的特征,强烈的垂直上升运动以及来自南方充足的水汽为增强长江流域地区的降水起到了重要作用。     

Impacts of 30-60-Day Oscillations over the Subtropical Pacific on the East Asian Summer Rainfall

The relationships between the precipitation over East Asia (20°-45°N,110°-135°E) and the 30-60-day intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) over the Pacific during the boreal summer are studied in the paper.The daily wind and height fields of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data,the 24-h precipitation data of 687 stations in China during 1958-2000,and the pentad precipitation of CMAP/NOAA from 1979 to 2002 are all analyzed by the space-time filter method.The analysis results,from every drought and flood summer in four different regions of East Asia respectively during 1958-2000,have shown that the flood (drought) in the East Asian summer monsoon region is absolutely companied with the strongly (weakly) westward propagations of ISO from the central-east Pacific,and depends little on the intensity changes of the East Asian summer monsoon. And the westward ISO is usually the low-frequency cyclones and anticyclones from the Bay of Alaska in northeastern Pacific and the Okhotsk in the northwestern Pacific of mid-high latitudes,and the ISO evolving in subtropical easterlies.In mid-high latitudes the phenomena are related to the westward propagating mid- ocean trough and the retreat of blocking high.Therefore the westward propagating ISO from the central-east Pacific to East Asia is indispensable for more rainfall occurring in East Asia in summer,which results from the long-wave adjustment process in the mid-high latitudes and ISO evolving in tropical easterlies.     

Effects of intraseasonal oscillation on the anomalous East Asian summer monsoon during 1999

The 1999 East Asian summer monsoon was very unusual for its weak northward advance and remarkably anomalous climate conditions. The monsoonal southwesterly airflow and related rain belt in East Asia were blocked south of the Yangtze River Valley. The monsoonal airflow and major moisture transport conduct shifted eastward and turned northward to Japan from the tropical western Pacific rather than to East China from the South China Sea （SCS） as in normal years. Severe and prolonged drought occurred over extensive areas of North China and heavy precipitation in South China and Japan. The investigation on the possible intrinsic mechanisms related to such an anomalous monsoon year has shown that the unique behavior of intraseasonal oscillation may play an essential role during this process. During this year, the northward propagation of 30-60-day anomalous low-level cyclone/anticyclone collapsed in the region around 20°N and did not extend beyond the latitudes of the Yangtze River basin due to the barrier of strong cold air intrusion from the mid-latitudes. The southwesterly moisture flux on the northwestern flank of the anticyclonic moisture transport system in the western North Pacific, which was regulated by the northward shift of 30-60-day cyclonic/anticyclonic moisture transport, also did not reach the region north of 30°N as well. Under this circumstance, the weak northward advance of the monsoon westerlies and associated northward moisture transport could not arrive in North China and led to the severe droughts there in 1999. The SCS and South China were mostly affected by the airflow in the southern and northern flanks of the same 30-60-day cyclones or anticyclones, respectively, and thus controlled by the nearly reverse zonal wind and moisture convergent/divergent conditions. The rainfall in the SCS and South China showed out-of-phase oscillation through the transient local Hadley circulation, with the rainfall maximum occurring in the SCS （South China） when the 30-60-day anticyclone （cyclone） r     

The boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation simulated by four Chinese AGCMs participating in the CMIP5 project

The performances of four Chinese AGCMs participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5） in the simulation of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation （BSISO） are assessed. The authors focus on the major characteristics of BSISO： the intensity, significant period, and propagation. The results show that the four AGCMs can reproduce boreal summer intraseasonal signals of precipitation; however their limitations are also evident. Compared with the Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation （CMAP） data, the models underestimate the strength of the intraseasonal oscillation （ISO） over the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean （IO） during the boreal summer （May to October）, but overestimate the intraseasonal variability over the western Pacific （WP）. In the model results, the westward propagation dominates, whereas the eastward propagation dominates in the CMAP data. The northward propagation in these models is tilted southwest-northeast, which is also different from the CMAP result. Thus, there is not a northeast-southwest tilted rain belt revolution off the equator during the BSISO＇s eastward journey in the models. The biases of the BSISO are consistent with the summer mean state, especially the vertical shear. Analysis also shows that there is a positive feedback between the intraseasonal precipitation and the summer mean precipitation. The positive feedback processes may amplify the models＇ biases in the BSISO simulation.