湖南株洲地区Cd、Pb污染土壤的修复实验

以海泡石、膨润土和生石灰为修复材料,对湖南株洲地区重金属元素Cd、Pb污染农田土壤进行了室内修复实验。盆栽小白菜的正交实验结果表明,对于Cd含量为1.23 mg/kg、Pb含量为136.7 mg/kg的土壤,当每10 kg土壤添加膨润土60 g、海泡石20 g、石灰6 g时,种植的小白菜中Cd含量为0.154 mg/kg,Pb含量为0.141mg/kg。与未修复土壤的实验结果对比,小白菜中Cd含量降低61%,Pb含量降低46%。     

江苏宜溧富硒稻米产区地质地球化学背景

江苏宜溧地区分布有400 km2多的富硒土壤,并产出天然富硒稻米。通过系统分析研究宜溧富硒稻米产地的稻米、土壤、岩石、水样的Se等元素地球化学数据,探讨了控制宜溧地区富硒稻米产出的主要地质环境及地球化学背景因素,总结了Se等元素在米-土-岩之间的分布迁移特征。结果显示:(1)宜溧地区产出的富硒稻米主要受富硒耕地控制,稻米Se与耕地土壤Se、Corg.之间存在显著正相关性,米Se与土Se的相关系数R=0.81,土壤Se≥0.5 mg/kg的耕地中富硒稻米检出率为100%;(2)二叠系煤系地层中的杂色泥质粉砂岩、页岩是主要富硒原岩,其平均Se含量达到17.22 mg/kg,比当地土壤中Se高出5倍以上。富硒原岩沉积厚度越大,其上覆土壤的Se含量越高;(3)上述富硒岩层中夹杂一层几到几十厘米厚的铁锰结核透镜状沉积物,富集Fe、Mn、Cd、S、P等,其风化形成土壤可能富集Cd,但富硒稻米中未检测到Cd超标;(4)耕地土壤中有效Se小于0.02 mg/kg,有效Se占土壤Se的比例为0.16%~2%。富硒耕地土壤总体偏酸性,其p H一般介于4.6~6.5,富硒原岩更偏酸性,其p H一般介于4.2~5.5;(5)Se从源头向耕地迁移也是一个不断均匀化的过程,地势、气候条件、断层等对富硒耕地的分布有影响,山间盆地、沟谷、山前平原是形成天然富硒耕地的主要场所,特定断层可成为天然富硒耕地的边界。     

水稻吸收Cd的地球化学控制因素研究——以苏锡常典型区为例

对苏锡常地区416套稻米-耕层土样品Cd等元素含量的解剖研究,证实了土壤Cd、Zn、Se、p H、OM、CEC等是控制稻米Cd的重要地球化学因素。相关统计分析结果显示:1)酸性土壤环境中当稻米Cd的BCF值大于10%时,稻米Cd与土壤Cd、Zn呈显著正相关,相关系数大于0.67。土壤Cd的生物有效量普遍较高,土壤中酸可溶态Cd与稻米Cd含量的相关系数大于0.7,接近或稍高于稻米与土壤Cd的相关性;2)土壤Se、OM、CEC均能抑制水稻对土壤Cd的吸收,在一定条件下稻米Cd与土壤Se、OM、CEC之间显著负相关,相关系数均小于-0.5;3)土壤酸化可促进稻米对土壤Cd的吸收,当土壤Cd0.2 mg/kg、OM变化于2.5%~6.5%时,稻米Cd与土壤p H呈显著负相关,相关系数为-0.6;4)水稻不同器官中Cd含量不同,从根部→地上部→稻米Cd含量渐次降低,指示根部水稻器官在稻米从土壤吸收Cd的过程中发挥了更大作用、水稻根系吸收的Cd多积聚于根部。     

江苏某材料厂周边农田土壤钼污染特征及农作物健康风险评价（84）

为了解江苏某材料厂金属冶炼活动引发的重金属污染风险,采集周围农田土壤、小麦和水稻籽实样品,确定Mo含量及其在土壤中的形态,采用地质累积指数和富集因子指标评价土壤中钼的污染风险,采用健康风险指数评价小麦、稻米中Mo的健康风险。结果表明,农田土壤中Mo含量在0.50～63.2 mg/kg之间,其平均值5.70 mg/kg远高于全省平均值0.65 mg/kg,表层土壤出现了中度—高度富集,近70%的样点受到不同程度的钼污染,污染范围距该厂300 m,污染深度>1.5 m。土壤中的Mo具有较高的生物有效性,在小麦、水稻籽实中显著富集,主要与土壤具有较高的全Mo含量以及土壤呈碱性有关。基于EPA的健康风险评估方法,食用当地稻米、小麦会产生较大的健康风险。     

再生铅工业园周边土壤重金属分布特征及来源解析

通过对安徽再生铅工业园周边0～20 cm深度的表层土壤及0～300 cm深度的剖面土壤中重金属含量、分布特征、赋存形态的研究及来源解析,发现土壤中Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni及Zn含量平均值分别为300.4 ng/g、39.45 ng/g、12.22 mg/kg、42.5 mg/kg、75.4 mg/kg、28.5 mg/kg、33.5 mg/kg、74.1 mg/kg,富集元素主要有Cd、Pb及Hg,其中土壤Cd、Pb富集明显受工业活动影响,Hg富集与工业活动无关。土壤Cd明显富集面积为21 km~2,影响深度为65 cm。土壤Pb明显富集面积为12 km~2,影响深度为20 cm。土壤Hg普遍为中度富集,富集深度为0～65 cm。土壤中Cd以碳酸盐结合态为主,其次为铁锰氧化物结合态,Pb以残渣态、铁锰氧化物结合态为主。Cd的碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态、Pb的残渣态和铁锰氧化物结合态均与其全量呈显著正相关。研究区土壤环境质量较好,仅有9.5%样点Cd含量与5.4%样点Pb含量超过了《GB 15618—2018土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》规定的污染风险筛选值。     

东南景天对Cd污染农田土壤修复的应用试验

为研究田间环境下东南景天对Cd轻度污染农田修复方法的实用性，在江苏某地开展了东南景天、油菜及黑麦草3种植物修复对比试验。结果表明：经过1季的田间修复，东南景天田块土壤Cd全量由0.41 mg/kg降至0.35 mg/kg，平均去除率为14.63%，有效Cd含量从0.22 mg/kg降至0.17 mg/kg，土壤中的Cd活化率从53.66%降至48.00%；油菜和黑麦草田块Cd全量和有效Cd含量的下降并不显著；东南景天、油菜及黑麦草对土壤Cd的吸收量分别为12.62、0.32、0.82 mg/m2，其中地上部分吸收量分别为7.74、0.20、0.51 mg/m2，吸收量东南景天>>黑麦草＞油菜；东南景天Cd的生物富集系数（BCF）在根部为222，杆部为152，对土壤Cd具有超积累作用，而油菜与黑麦草仅在根部出现富集；转运系数（SAR）为油菜＞黑麦草＞东南景天，但均＜1，表明3种植物对Cd的吸收主要集中于地下部位。经1季田间修复试验，东南景天对土壤Cd的吸收率为1105%，具有一定的修复效果，但修复至绝对安全值(＜0.3 mg/kg）至少需4～5 年；油菜和黑麦草对Cd的吸收率均不足1%，修复至绝对安全值分别约需115、60 年。     

凹凸棒石用于修复铜锌镉重金属污染土壤的研究

利用凹凸棒石黏土矿物优异的物化性能对采集的安徽铜陵地区重金属污染土壤进行盆栽修复试验,以降低种植蔬菜中重金属污染物的有效态含量。凹凸棒石与矿区土壤的质量配比设置5组(1∶10、1∶20、1∶40、1∶100以及原土),选择适宜在北京生长的四季小白菜和北京快菜进行种植,盆栽试验结果表明,使用凹凸棒石黏土矿物可以将土壤的pH值提高到5～8,改善了矿区的土壤环境条件,提高黏土矿物对重金属的吸附性能;通过适量添加凹凸棒石黏土矿物,对Cu元素的平均修复率达到31.50%,Zn元素的平均修复率达到26.15%,Cd元素的平均修复率达到34.92%,能够有效减少蔬菜对Cu、Zn、Cd三种重金属元素的吸收。凹凸棒石与土壤的质量比为1∶20时,对污染土壤的修复效果最佳。     

漳州市城市土壤重金属含量特征及控制因素

讨论了 108个取自漳州市城区公园、生活区及环城菜地等不同功能区的表层 (0～ 20 cm)土壤样品中重金属含量及分布特点,根据土壤中重金属元素与主元素间的相关分析、聚类分析,探讨了影响土壤中重金属分布和来源的因素.结果表明,漳州市城市土壤 Hg、 Cd、 Pb、 Cu、 Zn、 As、 Cr和 Ni的平均含量分别为 0.471 mg/kg、 0.353 mg/kg、 75.9 mg/kg、 32.6 mg/kg、 106.7 mg/kg、 6.86 mg/kg、 29.7 mg/kg和 12.8 mg/kg,其中相对于区域土壤背景值与国家土壤环境质量标准,污染较突出的元素是 Hg和 Cd.深受人为污染活动影响的城区土壤和菜地土壤重金属平均含量也尤为突出,城区土壤 Hg平均含量最高,菜地土壤 Cd平均含量最高.元素的相关性分析和聚类分析结果表明 Hg相对于其他元素表现较独立, S对 Hg有一定的捕获能力;As、 Cr和 Ni是受控于成土母质的元素组合;Cd和 Pb是受人为污染影响较强的元素, Cu来源于地质成因的比例较大;Zn受控于土壤中锰氧化物粘粒.     

湘江岳阳段沉积物重金属污染特征及其初步生态风险评估

分析了湘江岳阳段表层沉积物样品中10种典型重金属元素(Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Tl、V、Mn、Co和Ni)的含量水平和分布规律,并采用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法,初步评价了沉积物中重金属污染状况和潜在生态风险。研究结果表明:(1)湘江岳阳段沉积物中重金属Cd、Zn、Mn和Cu等污染较为严重,其含量范围分别为8.56～19.4 mg/kg、250～367 mg/kg、1489～2258 mg/kg和40.5～64.7 mg/kg;(2)研究区域中多种重金属潜在生态风险指数(RI)为369～698,表明研究区域沉积物重金属污染导致的潜在生态风险高,且主要风险污染物为Cd和Tl;(3)湘江岳阳段沉积物呈现出以Cd为主的多种重金属复合污染特征。     

原位吸附技术修复六价铬污染土壤

常见六价铬Cr(Ⅵ)污染场地修复技术如客土法、还原法、固化法、生物法等存在成本高、效率低及Cr(Ⅵ)被二次氧化等缺点。理想修复技术应能快速、低成本地将铬元素(Cr)从土壤中彻底去除。本文将聚吡咯(PPy)通过原位聚合的方式负载在凹凸棒土(ATP)表面,制备了以PPy为“壳”和以ATP为“核”的ATP/PPy复合材料,ATP/PPy对Cr(Ⅵ)的最大吸附容量为185.19mg/g,吸附机理包括静电引力、螯合、还原与离子交换等。将ATP/PPy嵌入土壤中,利用Cr(Ⅵ)在土壤中的纵向迁移及横向浓度差渗透,可实现对土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)的原位吸附。实验考察了模拟降雨量、土壤pH、土壤容重、土壤有机质含量等因素对土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)去除效率的影响。结果表明,当供试土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)浓度为30mg/kg,模拟降雨量为6mL/天,土壤有机质含量为7.6g/kg,土壤容重为1.22g/cm³,土壤p H为5.86时,第35天时土壤滤液中Cr(Ⅵ)去除率为58.51%,土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)含量降低至2.97mg/kg,低于《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB36600—20...     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with