全国铀矿资源潜力评价重力数据处理与研究

通过对全国39个铀成矿带和29个预测区的重力数据处理、重力异常提取、地质构造推断,为全国铀矿资源潜力评价提供了构造单元、断裂构造、岩体范围及深度、盆地范围和地层结构等预测要素。总结了铀成矿环境的重力场特征,与热液成矿作用有关的铀矿（花岗岩型、火山岩型、及部分碳硅泥岩型）主要位于区域重力场从高场向低场过渡的部位或偏向低场区域,主要成矿要素花岗岩岩体、火山盆地均表现为重力低场;大型砂岩型铀矿成矿盆地位于区域重力场的高场区域,而蚀源区则为低场,盆地边缘或内部的隆起区一般位于剩余重力高场区;与上述各类型铀成矿有密切关系的断裂构造在重力场中显示为梯度带、不同性质重力异常的分界线、串珠状异常或条带状异常。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘重磁场特征及其与砂岩型铀矿关系

鄂尔多斯盆地南部是我国重要的砂岩型铀矿产地之一。为了研究该区重磁场特征与砂岩型铀矿展布规律的关系,预测砂岩型铀矿有利区,本文在对鄂尔多斯盆地南缘重、磁资料处理与解释的基础上,推断了研究区的断裂构造,探讨了断裂构造、重磁场平面特征与已知铀矿点的关系,预测了铀矿成矿有利区。研究结果表明:研究区发育的断裂走向有NE向、近EW向、近SN向和NW向4组;已知铀矿(床)点多分布于断裂与次级断裂交汇处,重力梯级带、局部重力高边缘和磁力中低缓异常区。研究区有平凉、宜君-黄陵、彬县-旬邑3个铀矿有利成矿区。     

二连盆地砂岩型铀矿土壤氡异常模型及应用

二连盆地是我国北方重要的砂岩型铀矿产地之一。为提取地表弱矿化信息,建立直接找矿标志,在盆地内实施面积型土壤氡及其子体测量,通过剖面、平面叠合铀矿化信息分析,建立了砂岩型铀矿土壤氡异常模型:即土壤氡气异常往往位于铀矿体上游一侧,异常值高达15 000 Bq/m3以上,矿体上方大多为氡气背景值,而矿体下游一侧多为氡的偏高晕。此模型揭示二连盆地具有较好的铀成矿潜力,指明了进一步铀矿找矿方向。     

地面氡及其子体测量在新疆汉水泉地区砂岩型铀矿找矿中的应用

介绍了氡气和γ能谱测量的基本原理,通过数据常规分析和相关分析其在新疆三塘湖盆地汉水泉地区的同点测量结果,常规分析未得出砂岩型铀矿成矿有利的氡浓度异常,而相关分析共提取了11个有利于铀成矿的氡浓度异常,说明氡气和γ能谱测量结果相关分析在砂岩型铀矿找矿中预测远景区是值得借鉴的方法.     

重力场特征与砂岩型铀矿的关系及地质意义

重力场变化特征能够较好地反映地下地质体信息,砂岩型铀矿分布特征与重力场具有一定联系。我国砂岩型铀矿主要分布在我国布格重力异常场中-西北部区,且砂岩型铀矿床大多位于重力场由高向低变化的梯度带上,但靠近重力场高值区。结合砂岩型铀矿成矿机理,分析中-西北部区主要含铀盆地构造演化、地层结构等特征,认为位于中-西北部区的含铀盆地所经历的“次造山运动”及其后期相对稳定的构造环境有利于砂岩型铀矿成矿。斜坡的适度抬升有利于富铀岩体风化剥蚀,含铀含氧流体运移、断裂等因素控制砂岩型铀矿成矿,斜坡处地形改变形成重力场变化梯度带,地下断裂、岩石组分变化使重力等值线产生同形扭曲或错断现象。因此,重力场变化特征对划定砂岩型铀矿勘探靶区具有一定的借鉴作用,并以松辽盆地西南部钱家店铀矿床为例,探讨其成矿条件与重力场变化特征的关系,体现其实际应用性。     

高精度磁测预测砂岩铀矿氧化带前锋线

通过伊犁盆地南缘地面高精度磁测的开展、航空高精度磁测资料的应用以及钻孔岩心的磁化率测量,对层间氧化带型砂岩铀矿各地球化学分带的铁磁矿物分布特征、磁化率变化特征和磁场特征以及与铀矿化的关系进行了系统地研究,探讨了利用高精度磁测确定氧化—还原过渡带的位置的可行性、机理和方法,对砂岩型铀矿氧化带前锋线位置和铀成矿远景靶区的预测具有重要作用。     

二连盆地巴彦乌拉铀矿航空弱铀微磁组合异常识别及其成因模式

正二连盆地因其独特的"同盆多类型"铀成矿特点,一直是铀矿勘查与科研的热点盆地,巴彦乌拉铀矿为盆内最为典型的古河道砂岩型铀矿床,围绕沉积体系及充填特征、盆地结构、成矿模式、烃类流体与铀成矿关系、综合物化探找矿等方面积累了大量研究成果(聂逢君等,2015),但在矿体尺度上对其利用航放航磁技术开展信息识别的研究报道尚为空白。已有研究表明,隐伏砂岩型铀矿可引起微弱航放航磁异常(江民忠等,2006,2007),     

开鲁盆地龙湾筒凹陷构造特征及砂岩型铀矿找矿前景探讨

可地浸砂岩型铀矿指赋存于沉积盆地砂岩中的后生型铀矿床,分布范围较广,并且此类铀矿资源在世界铀资源所占份额越来越大,是我国目前主要的工业铀矿化类型.松辽盆地是我国北方六大中新生代盆地之一,砂岩型铀矿成矿条件潜质好.一直以来是诸多铀矿地质研究者所关注的盆地,其中以开鲁盆地最为典型,特别是钱家店凹陷,其含铀层位的地球物理特征明显,与油伴生,成矿远景好.本文主要对与钱家店凹陷毗邻的松辽盆地西南部的开鲁盆地哲中凹陷中的龙湾筒凹陷进行地球物理资料深入分析研究,利用三维地震资料,通过对含铀目的层地震属性特征的处理分析,对研究区的构造形态、目的层物性变化及铀成矿前景进行初步预测,圈定了有利铀成矿潜力区域,为后续铀矿勘探和研究提供参考.     

铀成矿区域物(化)探判据的初步探讨和应用

本文研究和分析了川北砂岩和康滇地轴几个铀矿床和矿化地段的各种地球物理场分布特征与铀矿化的关系,及其反映的铀成矿可能性。充分利用和分析研究工作区现有的大量放射性测量及航磁、重力测量资料,总结和建立铀成矿的区域物(化)探判据:高变异、剩余值、零值线、过渡带、富铀体、复合晕。利用成矿判据在区域和矿区成矿预测中划分成矿有利区、段,为区域找矿和矿床扩大提供了可靠的依据。     

硬岩型铀矿化(点、带)地球物理特征

为了深入研究硬岩型铀矿化(点、带)的地球物理特征,在桃山、红山子地区开展了综合物探测量.结果表明,在△T磁异常平面等值线图中,铀矿床(点、带)一般位于强弱磁异常过渡地带偏弱磁异常一侧,电阻率断面图中多位于高低阻梯度变化带或中低阻区,电阻率平面图中多位于中低阻过渡带偏低阻一侧.该硬岩型铀矿化地球物理特征为寻找该类铀矿有利地段提供了重要信息.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the