新疆东天山玉海铜(钼)矿床流体包裹体和稳定同位素研究

玉海铜(钼)矿床成矿岩体为石英闪长(玢)岩,矿化呈细脉状、细脉-浸染状和稀疏浸染状。围岩蚀变主要为钾硅酸盐化、石英-绢云母化、青磐岩化和黏土化蚀变。矿床类型为斑岩型。铜(钼)矿化主要发育于钾硅酸盐化阶段、石英-绢云母化阶段和青磐岩化阶段。流体包裹体可划分为气液两相包裹体、含子晶三相包裹体和CO_2包裹体3种类型。钾硅酸盐化阶段的均一温度为307~423℃,盐度w(NaCleq)为4.18%~10.11%,密度0.62~0.77g/cm~3,属于高温、中-低盐度流体;石英-绢云母化阶段均一温度为172~336℃,盐度为w(NaCleq)为3.23%~8.55%,密度0.70~0.93 g/cm~3,属于中温、低盐度流体;晚期青磐岩化阶段均一温度155~296℃,盐度w(NaCleq)为3.71%~9.08%,密度0.80~0.96 g/cm~3,属于中低温、低盐度流体。从早阶段到晚阶段,成矿流体温度逐渐下降,各成矿阶段成矿流体盐度均小于11%,但钾硅酸盐化阶段成矿流体盐度稍高。石英-绢云母化阶段成矿流体δD=-91.6‰~-72.1‰,δ~(18)OH_2O=-1.8‰~6.3‰;青磐岩化阶段成矿流体δD=-97.1‰~-68.3‰,δ~(18)OH_2O=-6.3‰~2.2‰;成矿流体具有岩浆水和大气降水混合特征,但青磐岩化阶段大气降水含量更高。硫化物的δ~(34)S值为-3.5‰~2.8‰,硫来自石英闪长(玢)岩。     

甘肃小铁山铅锌多金属矿床流体包裹体特征

为探讨甘肃小铁山矿床的成矿流体来源、性质及其演化过程,对其含矿石英脉、重晶石样品开展了系统的流体包裹体研究。结果表明,包裹体类型主要为气液两相包裹体、纯气体包裹体、纯液体包裹体以及含CO_2的三相包裹体。显微测温结果表明,小铁山矿床下盘脉状矿体中石英的流体包裹体的均一温度为174~452℃,盐度为0.88%~9.86%NaCl_(eqv);重晶石中流体包裹体的均一温度为149~388℃,盐度为2.07%~12.16%;块状矿体中的流体包裹体均一温度为178~296℃,盐度为1.91%~14.46%NaCl_(eqv)。氢氧同位素研究显示,含矿石英脉状中δ~(18)O_(H_2O)为-1.14‰~4.68‰,δD_(V-SMOW)为-88.0‰~-153.2‰,结合包裹体的岩相学、流体性质等特征,推断成矿热液应为岩浆流体与加热海水的混合流体。     

青海省沱沱河地区楚多曲铅锌矿床流体包裹体特征及矿床成因探讨

青海省沱沱河地区楚多曲铅锌矿为近年来发现的一处大型铅锌矿床。铅锌矿体主要呈脉状产出,主要受控于切割碳酸盐岩地层的陡倾断裂。通过对系统流体包裹体研究,结果表明,石英中流体包裹体较为发育,主要为气液两相包裹体。成矿流体均一温度为160~220℃,盐度w(NaCl)为8%~10%,密度为0.90~0.95g/cm3,具有低温、低盐度、低密度的特征。估算成矿压力为11~13MPa,深度为1.1~1.3km,属浅成深度。成矿流体δD为-96.4‰~122.1‰,δ18 OH2O值为2.1‰~9.5‰。综合区域构造背景、铅锌矿体形成特点、流体包裹体特征及矿石组构等相关信息,认为楚多曲铅锌矿矿床成因类型为受断裂控制的中低温热液脉型铅锌矿床。该认识可极大拓展青海省沱沱河地区铅锌矿的找矿潜力,具有重要的研究意义和实用价值。     

宁芜陶村磁铁矿矿床成矿流体及成矿作用

陶村磁铁矿矿床位于长江中下游成矿带宁芜盆地中段,矿床地质特征及岩浆构造背景与Kiruna型磷灰石-铁氧化物矿床相似。本文在野外工作基础上,通过流体包裹体测温和氢氧硫同位素研究,探讨该矿床成矿流体性质、来源及成矿作用。陶村主要矿石类型为浸染状和脉状磁铁矿,脉状矿石形成稍晚。通过包裹体显微测温获得:磷灰石中包裹体的均一温度集中在210~390℃,盐度集中在15%~23%NaCl_(eqv);石英中包裹体的均一温度集中在330~390℃,盐度主要集中在9%~13%NaCl_(eqv),此外还存在部分高盐度原生包裹体。石英的δD为-96‰~-54‰,δ~(18)O_(H2O)除了一个为8.3‰,其余为1.9‰~4.0‰,指示原始成矿流体为岩浆来源,后期有地表水加入。黄铁矿δ~(34)S为4.8‰~9.3‰,平均值为7.4‰,综合中段地区硫同位素资料,认为成矿流体中的硫来自三叠纪膏盐层与岩浆硫的混合。结合矿床地质特征,陶村成矿作用过程可概括为:岩浆出溶形成的高温含矿气液同化三叠纪膏盐层,带入SO_4~(2-)、Cl~-、Na~+等矿化剂;这种高温气液在岩体内以钠质交代形式富集Fe后,于岩体上部形成浸染状磁铁矿,岩体顶部和边部断裂部位形成(网)脉状磁铁矿。     

哀牢山金矿带冬瓜林金矿床流体包裹体及硫同位素研究

流体包裹体和硫同位素研究可以揭示成矿流体特征和成矿物质来源,是探讨矿床成因的重要手段。冬瓜林金矿床位于哀牢山金矿带的镇沅金矿田,研究程度较低,矿床成因研究尚未系统开展。本文针对该矿床利用显微测温和硫同位素示踪,分别对两个金成矿阶段脉体中的流体包裹体和矿石中黄铁矿的硫同位素进行了测定,进而探讨其矿床成因。流体包裹体测试结果显示,流体体系为NaCl-H_2O体系;包裹体的均一温度主要分布于100~400℃(有160~190℃和280~310℃两个峰值),盐度集中于6%~9%,密度集中于0.7~0.8 g/cm3和0.9~1.0 g/cm~3,表明成矿流体为中低温度和低盐度的流体。硫同位素测试结果显示,两个金成矿阶段的δ~(34)S值分别集中于0~1‰和-4.7‰~3‰,整体上与该矿床最主要的矿石——煌斑岩型矿石的δ~(34)S值最为接近,且矿床中煌斑岩和金矿化关系最为密切,因此成矿物质可能主要来自与煌斑岩有关的幔源物质,但受到地壳物质的混染。综合上述结果认为,冬瓜林金矿床的形成可能与幔源含金流体有关,但有大气降水和围岩的加入,这一结论为揭示本矿床及哀牢山金矿带的矿床成因研究提供了重要依据。     

滇东南南秧田矽卡岩型钨矿床成矿演化

南秧田矽卡岩型白钨矿床是滇东南老君山钨锡多金属成矿区的重要组成部分之一。该矿床由多个白钨矿体组成,以层状、似层状矽卡岩型矿石为主,矽卡岩矿物组合以透辉石+钙铁辉石+钙铝榴石+角闪石+绿帘石为主。南秧田钨矿床的形成经历了矽卡岩阶段,石英-白钨矿阶段和方解石阶段,通过对不同阶段矿石矿物和脉石矿物的流体包裹体显微测温分析表明:矽卡岩中的流体包裹体的均一温度范围为221~423℃,石英-白钨矿的均一温度为177~260℃,晚期方解石脉的温度最低,为173~227℃。矽卡岩中的流体包裹体的盐度w(Na Cleq)为0.18%~16.34%,石英-白钨矿的盐度w(Na Cleq)为0.35%~7.17%,晚期方解石脉的盐度w(Na Cleq)为0.35%~2.24%。激光拉曼探针测试表明,3个阶段的流体包裹体组分主要为H2O,还有少量的N2,只有在石英-白钨矿阶段的流体包裹体组分除了H2O以外,还有少量的CH4。矿床从早期到晚期成矿阶段表现为一个降温的过程,说明钨成矿温度较宽泛。成矿期含矿矽卡岩的δ13CPDB值为-5.7‰~-6.9‰,δ18OSMOW值为5.8‰~9.1‰,表明成矿流体主要是岩浆水,其次为含有机质的碳酸盐岩地层和大气降水,反映出典型岩浆热液交代作用的特征。     

豫西银家沟硫铁多金属矿床流体包裹体和同位素特征

河南省银家沟硫铁多金属矿床位于华北克拉通南缘华熊地块内,是东秦岭地区最大的硫铁多金属矿床,以其硫铁储量大及共、伴生元素复杂区别于东秦岭其他以钼为主的矿床.成矿的全过程可以划分为矽卡岩期、硫化物期和表生期,包括磁铁矿阶段、脉状石英-辉钼矿阶段、石英-黄铁矿-黄铜矿-斑铜矿-闪锌矿阶段、网脉状石英辉钼矿阶段、石英绢云母-黄铁矿阶段、方解石-方铅矿闪锌矿阶段和玉髓褐铁矿阶段.流体包裹体研究表明,银家沟矿床主要发育气液两相水溶液包裹体(W型)、含CO2三相包裹体(C型)和含子矿物多相包裹体(S型).钾长花岗斑岩的石英斑晶中流体包裹体均一温度介于341～＞550℃之间,盐度介于0.4％～44.0％ NaCl eqv之间,属H2O-NaCl-CO2体系;脉状石英-辉钼矿阶段流体包裹体均一温度介于382～416℃之间,盐度介于3.6％～40.8％ NaCl eqv之间,属H2O-NaCl体系;石英-方解石-黄铁矿黄铜矿-斑铜矿-闪锌矿阶段流体包裹体均一温度介于318～436℃之间,盐度介于5.6％～42.4％ NaCl eqv之间,属H2O-NaCl体系;网脉状石英-辉钼矿阶段流体包裹体均一温度介于321～411℃之间,盐度介于6.3％～16.4％ NaCl eqv之间,属H2 O-NaCl体系;石英-绢云母黄铁矿阶段流体包裹体均一温度介于326～419℃之间,盐度介于4.7％～49.4％ NaCl eqv之间,属H2O-NaCl体系.银家沟矿床成矿流体主要为高温、高盐度流体,总体上属于H2O-NaCl±CO2体系.成矿热液的δ18 OH2O值为4.0‰～8.6‰,δ18 Dv-SMOW值为-64‰～-52‰,表明成矿流体来自岩浆水.矿石金属硫化物的δ18 SV-CDT值介于-0.2‰～6.3‰之间,平均为1.6‰,具深源硫特征,硫主要来自分异很差的由火成物质组成的下地壳,官道口群白云岩亦提供了部分重硫.矿床金属硫化物的206 Pb/204 Pb值介于17.331～18.043之间,207 Pb/204 Pb值变化于15.444～15.575之间,208 Pb/204 Pb值变化于37.783～38.236之间,总体上与银家沟岩体的铅同位素范围一致,暗示铅主要来自矿区内的燕山期中酸性岩体,地层在成矿过程中亦提供了少量物质.银家沟矿床属斑岩-矽卡岩型,形成于中生代EW向构造体制向NNE向构造体制转变阶段,成矿流体多期次的沸腾作用是矿质沉淀的主要机制.     

滇东南南秧田超大型钨矿床流体包裹体及H、O同位素研究

滇东南南秧田钨矿床位于老君山钨锡多金属成矿区内,大地构造位置位于扬子板块、华夏板块与三江褶皱系的结合部位。钨矿体主要呈似层状赋存于南秧田组,根据不同的矿物组合及穿插关系,可划分出三种矿石类型,即矽卡岩型矿石、石英脉型矿石和碳酸盐型矿石。对南秧田不同矿化类型白钨矿中流体包裹体的岩相学观察后发现该矿床主要发育4类流体包裹体:富液相两相包裹体(Ⅰ类)、富气相两相包裹体(Ⅱ类)、含子矿物三相包裹体(Ⅲ类)和纯气相包裹体(Ⅳ类)。矽卡岩型矿石白钨矿中流体包裹体的均一温度变化于176~311℃,盐度变化于0.2%~10.9%NaCleqv。石英脉型矿石白钨矿中流体包裹体的均一温度变化于200~395℃,盐度变化于0.4%~11.3%NaCleqv。碳酸盐型矿石白钨矿中流体包裹体的均一温度和盐度分别变化于201~395℃和2.6%~11.3%NaCleqv。显微测温结果表明成矿流体属中高温度、中低盐度流体。激光拉曼探针分析表明,白钨矿中流体包裹体组分主要为H2O,含少量的CH4。矽卡岩阶段成矿流体δD值范围为−80.2‰~−78.3‰,δ18O水值为6.8‰,石英脉阶段成矿流体的δD和δ18O水值分别为−93.7‰~−79‰和6.5‰~7.1‰,表明成矿流体主要来自于岩浆水,并可能经历了强烈的去气作用,或者存在不同程度地层有机质、大气降水和孔隙水的混入。流体包裹体均一温度和盐度呈正相关关系及H、O同位素特征综合分析,本研究认为岩浆水与大气降水混合是引起白钨矿沉淀的主要因素。     

甘肃阳坝铜多金属矿床流体包裹体及S、Pb同位素组成特征

甘肃省阳坝铜多金属矿床位于碧口地体的东北部,矿体呈层状、似层状赋存于碧口群阳坝组细碧凝灰岩和凝灰质千枚岩的过渡部位,根据矿床地质特征,将成矿期划分为海底火山喷流沉积期和变质热液叠加改造期。基于对阳坝矿床详细的野外观察和矿相学的研究,通过对矿床流体包裹体和S、Pb同位素的研究,总结矿床的成矿流体性质和成矿物质来源,探讨成矿机制。研究表明,阳坝矿床海底火山喷流沉积期流体包裹体类型主要为水溶液包裹体,成矿流体均一温度为135～336℃,盐度w(NaCl_(eq))为0.70%～10.61%,密度为0.58～0.97g/cm~3;包裹体气相成分以H_2O为主,含少量的CO_2和N_2,属于中低温、低盐度的H_2O-NaCl流体体系,与典型VMS型矿床成矿流体特征相似;变质热液叠加改造期流体包裹体类型主要为水溶液包裹体、CO_2-H_2O包裹体和纯CO_2包裹体,成矿流体均一温度为179～384℃,盐度w(NaCl_(eq))为3.39%～14.78%,密度为0.61～0.99 g/cm~3,包裹体气相成分富含CO_2及少量N_2,属于中高温、低盐度的H_2O-CO_2-NaCl±N_2流体体系,与区域上造山型金矿成矿流体特征一致,均为来自深部的变质流体。喷流沉积期矿石硫化物的δ~(34)S为-7.5‰～3.4‰,均值为-0.46‰,成矿热液δ~(34)S_(∑S)值≈3.73‰,变质热液叠加改造期硫化物的δ~(34)S为-6.7‰～3.3‰,均值-0.575‰,均显示幔源硫的特征。喷流沉积期(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.505～18.008、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.521～15.558、~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=37.494～37.851)与变质热液叠加改造期(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.293～17.947、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.498～15.542、~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=37.388～37.640)的矿石硫化物的Pb同位素组成相近,认为2期矿石铅具有相同来源。通过与阳坝组火山岩、阳坝岩体的Pb同位素组成对比,并结合Pb同位素源区特征值、构造模式图解和△β-△γ成因分类图解分析,认为矿石铅来自上地壳和地幔的混合。阳坝铜多金属矿床属于海底火山喷流沉积-变质热液叠加改造型矿床。     

云南南秧田钨矿床流体包裹体特征及其意义

对南秧田矽卡岩型钨矿床的石英和石榴石流体包裹体的岩相学特征研究表明,与成矿有关的包裹体主要有3类:富液相、富气相和含子晶的多相包裹体。石英包裹体均一温度范围为232～337℃,盐度w(NaCl)=0.53%～9.98%;石榴石包裹体的均一温度范围为228～306℃,盐度w(NaCl)=6.45%～14.04%。激光拉曼探针分析表明,南秧田白钨矿的成矿流体中气相成分以H2O为主,含少量CO2、CH4、H2S和N2等气体,液相成分以H2O为主,属NaCl-H2O流体体系。成矿溶液的密度为0.72～0.87g/cm3,表明形成这种矽卡岩型矿床的成矿流体均属于中温、低盐度、低密度的流体。成矿压力为18～32MPa,成矿深度约为0.6～1.2km。石英包裹体水的δD为-72.16‰～-65.10‰,δ18O为7.98‰～8.45‰,钨矿床中硫化物δ34S为6.6‰。成矿流体主要来自燕山晚期的岩浆热液作用。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with