多波束换能器安装偏差对海底地形测量的影响

针对多波束测深系统换能器安装过程中存在角度偏差问题,给出了换能器安装偏差的相关定义,建立了换能器横向、纵向及艏向安装偏差影响模型,阐述了各项安装偏差对海底地形测量的影响机理,结合算例,研究了各波束点水深误差与位置误差随波束指向角的变化规律及影响量级,进一步给出了部分代表性波束点水深偏差及位置偏差随安装偏差角的变化规律及影响量级,最后分析了各安装偏差间的相关性,以期为换能器安装偏差校正及测深数据质量控制提供一定的参考。     

顾及声线弯曲的横摇偏差迭代算法

横摇偏差校准是多波束水深测量测前准备的一项重要内容。针对传统多波束横摇偏差校准操作复杂且存在主观因素问题,同时考虑到横摇偏差引起海底地形失真的非线性变化,提出了顾及声线弯曲的横摇偏差自动迭代算法。该算法以平坦海底为假设,基于常梯度声线跟踪模型和最小二乘原理,对多Ping数据进行迭代拟合,最后取其平均值作为横摇偏差。仿真分析结果表明,迭代算法能逐步调整横摇偏差引起的海底地形非线性失真,提高横摇偏差计算值的准确性。     

多波束测深系统换能器的安装校准分析

在多波束测深系统的换能器安装与使用过程中,由于无法保证换能器坐标系统与船体坐标系统完全重合,因此必须进行横摇、纵倾以及航向偏差校准与改正,使两者坐标系统相一致.详细分析了多波束测深系统换能器安装校准的原理和方法,以"亚美通道"海底光缆路由调查中,挪威 Simrad EM 3000 多波束测深系统的安装与校准为例,阐述了其安装校准方法及在海底地形测量中的应用.     

波束角偏差对多波束测量的影响及校正

波束角偏差是影响多波束系统测量精度的因素之一,严重时导致测量的海底地形成凸凹形状的伪地形。论述了波束角偏差产生的原因以及对多波束系统测量精度的影响,介绍了借用EM系列多波束系统配置的横向参数校准软件对波束角偏差进行校正的方法,经实际应用,该方法很好地校正了波束角偏差,提高了测量数据的精度。     

基于崎岖海底定量校正的时深转换方法

研究区位于深水低勘探区,崎岖海底等普遍存在,受地震、钻井和速度等资料条件的限制,只能采用去海水的拟合公式法进行时深转换。然而去海水拟合公式法时深转换会因崎岖海底而造成假构造现象,且常规的崎岖海底填平校正方法存在一定的不足。用去海水拟合公式法计算出时转深层位,并比较时转深层位与深度域地震资料的横向构造形态变化,引入了构造形态相似率的概念,建立了崎岖海底填平量化评分模板来对崎岖海底进行填平校正,最后根据最高得分值来确定最佳平滑网格的海底和合适的时转深层位,在一定程度上消除了崎岖海底造成的假构造现象和支持了构造成图的需求。     

海底沉积物声速实验室测量结果校正研究

海底沉积物实验室测量状态与海底原状态存在较大差异,因此有必要进行声速校正.基于研究海底浅表层沉积物采样样品的原状态与实验室环境的差异,提出运用Hamilton声速校正模型对实验室测量沉积物声速数据进行校正,实现表层沉积物标准测量环境(23℃,1个大气压)下的声速校正到海底原状态;设计了温度变化实验测试南海海底沉积物的声速比变化,验证了Hamilton模型的可行性并将其推广到室温状态下各个温度的校正;分析了Hamilton声速校正模型应用于海底浅表层沉积物声速校正的可行性.     

换能器声反射系统方向特性的研究

利用圆形平面活塞的方向性特性理论设计声反射罩,研究了换能器声反射系统方向特性。实验表明,理论计算与测量值一致。     

LS-SVM曲面在多波束测深数据质量评估中的应用

在利用曲面滤波方法对深度不符值进行自动筛选的过程中,针对多项式曲面函数无法有效削弱噪声影响的问题,提出了利用LS-SVM曲面求解深度不符值的方法。在对深度不符值计算方法分析的基础上,构建LS-SVM海底趋势面,该趋势面从整体上反映了海底地形的实际变化情况,并且保留了海底地形的细节信息,可有效削弱噪声的影响。实测算例表明,LS-SVM曲面筛选得到的重合点水深不符值不存在较大偏差,计算得到的水深测量结果,能准确地反映测量数据的成果质量。     

利用地球重力场模型精化GPS水准

分析了近年来在GPS水准拟合研究领域所取得的成果，并指出了各种拟合方法的利弊，根据测量实践提出了二次求差后GPS水准拟合的方法，该方法既考虑了不同系统偏差的影响，又能将地球重力场不同波段反映到水准高中，从而达到了利用全球重力场模型精化GPS水准的目的。实例计算表明所提方法是合理有效的，可以满足四等水准测量的要求，具有一定的实用价值。     

近海海域垂线偏差的测量试验及精度分析

为深入研究垂线偏差在海域的精度水平,在我国渤海近海区域利用数字天顶仪及精密单点定位技术测量获得了若干高精度垂线偏差测量值,利用测量值对EGM2008模型、Jason-1卫星数据、DTU10海面高模型及点质量模型计算得到的垂线偏差进行了比对分析。以测量结果为基准,比较结果表明,EGM2008模型的计算结果相对较好,Jason-1卫星数据和点质量模型次之,DTU10海面高计算结果较差。以长岛观测点为代表,EGM2008模型、Jason-1卫星数据、点质量模型计算的垂线偏差与数字天顶仪测量获得的垂线偏差的差异(子午和卯酉两个方向)在1. 5″以内。     

一体化姿态传感器支持下多波束测深系统偏差处理

根据一体化姿态传感器的特点和多波束水深点计算的实际需要,重点讨论了多波束探头安装偏差的处理,提出了把综合偏差输入姿态传感器,利用其偏差校准处理功能,实现多波束探头坐标系的横摇、纵摇和航向的直接输出,简化数据处理提高作业效率的设想;给出了姿态传感器安装偏差与多波束探头安装偏差进行合并获得综合偏差的方法。     

多波束测深数据中系统偏差改正方法研究——以 2003 年 SeaBat900X 东海调查数据为例

多波束测量过程中，受到多种因素的影响，不可避免地存在各种误差，其中系统某个部件出现故障也不少见，如换能器、行波管、大功率微波开关或表层声速仪等器件功能不正常，引起多波束每 ping (一个发射接收周期） 数据中部分固定波束号的测深结果发生系统性偏移，以 2003 年东海调查 SeaBat900X 数据为例，其在垂直航向正投影平面上出现类似“W”字型的系统误差。本文基于该批次数据，系统分析了该类型系统偏差成因及外观表现，针对性提出基于等均值-方差拟合模型的改正方法，首先对异常区域和正常区域分别拟合地形趋势线，统计其均值和方差；然后以正常区域为基准，对异常区域内数据进行压缩和移动；最后通过面积差法，对数据中存在的折射残差进行消除，从而有效去除“W”型残差。文中实测数据验证了本文算法的有效性和可行性，对多波束其他类型的测深系统偏差处理具有一定的参考意义。     

Airborne geometry correction method for marine multispectrum data without attitude information

Marine airborne multispectrum scanner (MAMS) onboard the China marine surveillance plane can be used to survey marine environment, resources and disaster and provide the technical support for high-frequency, high-efficiency and high-resolution remote sensing monitoring for the coastal management. MAMS did not have the IMU/POS equipment, so it brought severe challenge for the geometry correction. One airborne geometry correction method is introduced for marine multispectrum data without the attitude information. First, it is the coarse geometry correction, which simulates the roll angle and pitch angle of plane according to the ideal flying model; the second step is the precise geometry correction by using the SPOT orthogonal projected data as the reference of registration, based on maximization of alignment metric method. With the validation, relative error of coarse correction is 81.42 m compared with SPOT data, and 11.3 m for precise correction. This method provides the high precision localization information for the oceanic remote sensing and application, and establishes the foundation for monitoring the marine resource and environment.     

Variational iteration solving method for El Nio phenomenon atmospheric physics of nonlinear model

1 IntroductionThe El Ni’o atmospheric physics oscillation is anabnormal phenomenon involved in the tropical Pacificocean- atmosphere interactions. Studies on the El Ni(ophenomenon are very attractive (Lin et al., 2000; Linet al., 2001, 2002; Wang, 2001; Feng et al., 2001;Feng et al., 2002; Liu et al., 2002; Wei and Chen,2003; Xie et al., 2002; Zhu et al., 2002; Pu et al.,2003; Gu et al., 2004; Yu and Liu, 2004). Lin and Mo(2004), Mo and Lin (2004) and Mo et al. (2004) alsostudied a s…     

Variational iteration solving method for El Nino phenomenon atmospheric physics of nonlinear model

A class of El Nino atmospheric physics oscillation model is considered. The El Nino atmospheric physics oscillation is an abnormal phenomenon involved in the tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere interactions. The conceptual oscillator model should consider the variations of both the eastern and westem Pacific anomaly patterns. An El Nino atmospheric physics model is proposed using a method for the variational iteration theory. Using the variational iteration method, the approximate expansions of the solution of corresponding problem are constructed. That is, firstly, introducing a set of functional and accounting their variationals, the Lagrange multiplicators are counted, and then the variational iteration is defined, finally, the approximate solution is obtained. From approximate expansions of the solution, the zonal sea surface temperature anomaly in the equatorial eastern Pacific and the thermocline depth anomaly of the seaair oscillation for El Nino atmospheric physics model can be analyzed. El Nino is a very complicated natural phenomenon. Hence basic models need to be reduced for the sea-air oscillator and are solved. The variational iteration is a simple and valid approximate method.     

Variational iteration solving method for El Niño phenomenon atmospheric physics of nonlinear model

A class of E1 Niйo atmospheric physics oscillation model is considered. The E1 Niйo atmospheric physics oscillation is an abnormal phenomenon involved in the tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere interactions. The conceptual oscillator model should consider the variations of both the eastern and western Pacific anomaly patterns. An E1 Niйo atmospheric physics model is proposed using a method for the variational iteration theory. Using the variational iteration method, the approximate expansions of the solution of corresponding problem are constructed. That is, firstly, introducing a set of functional and accounting their variationals, the Lagrange multiplicators are counted, and then the variational iteration is defined, finally, the approximate solution is obtained. From approximate expansions of the solution, the zonal sea surface temperature anomaly in the equatorial eastern Pacific and the thermocline depth anomaly of the sea-air oscillation for E1 Niйo atmospheric physics model can be analyzed. E1 Niйo is a very complicated natural phenomenon. Hence basic models need to be reduced for the sea-air oscillator and are solved. The variational iteration is a simple and valid approximate method.     

基于谱修正迭代的Bursa模型

利用Bursa模型进行空间直角坐标转换时,求解的过程中如果法方程的系数矩阵是病态,则求得的转换参数并不可靠.在谱修正迭代法的基础上,推导了基于谱修正迭代的Bursa模型公式,通过算例可知该方法可有效改善病态矩阵对坐标转换的影响,其坐标转换精度比Bursa模型高.     

Plane wave fitting of the internal tidal sea-surface height signatures extracted from the TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data along satellite tracks

The sea-surface height (SSH) signatures of internal tides extracted from the TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) altimeter data along satellite tracks are fitted with superposition of several plane waves which have different wavenumber vectors. The key problem of plane wave fitting with iterative method is how to determine the initial value of wavenumber of each plane wave. The previous solving method is to analyze the internal tidal SSH signatures along each track with wavenumber spectrum. But it is found that the problem cannot be solved completely with the wavenumber spectrum analysis method only. The method based on the combination of wavenumber spectrum analysis method and the exhaustive method is proposed to determine the initial values of wavenumbers for iteration. Numerical results indicate that the proposed method is not only reasonable and feasible but also better than the previous method. The proposed method is an improvement of the previous one, which is beneficial to improving the precision of plane wave fitting of the T/P internal tidal SSH signatures and deepening the understanding of the internal tides in ocean.     

基于大气参数拟合的GF-1多光谱影像大气校正

针对大气校正常使用的基于查找表的方法建表速度缓慢、查找精度低等问题,提出在6S大气校正模型的基础上,以气溶胶厚度为自变量对大气参数进行拟合的算法,使用该算法对GF-1多光谱影像进行大气校正研究。对半球反射率、路径辐射项等效反射率、大气透过率3个大气参数使用三次多项式进行拟合,拟合后的决定系数都达到了0. 999 8;根据拟合结果使用MODIS气溶胶产品作为输入,逐像元计算大气参数,并对影像进行大气校正,将校正结果与FLAASH模型校正结果进行对比。结果表明,该算法能有效校正大气对GF-1多光谱影像的影响,并与FLAASH校正结果具有很好的一致性。