橄榄岩的多角度偏振反射光谱研究

研究超基性岩浆岩--橄榄岩在2π空间的多角度反射光谱、偏振反射光谱特征.实验测定了橄榄岩在2π空间上反射光谱、偏振反射光谱与光线入射角、探测角、方位角、波段、偏振性等因子之间的关系.结果表明,光线入射角对橄榄岩的反射光谱、偏振反射光谱影响很大.其次,空间水平方位角对光谱具有偏振(极化)特征,且也呈现椭圆分布规律.空间竖直探测角的影响是随着光线入射角的不同而显著影响着橄榄岩的波形曲线特征.最后,波段的不同,影响着橄榄岩反射光谱、偏振反射光谱吸收能量的大小,但不显著影响橄榄岩的空间波形曲线特征.     

不同污染水体的多角度偏振光谱研究

以长春市3个农业灌区水库的水体为实验样本,应用二向反射光度计实测了不同水体在2π空间的多角度偏振反射光谱数据,从探测方位角、光线入射角、探测天顶角、偏振角、波段等方面对所测水体的偏振反射数据进行了初步分析与研究。结果表明:偏振特性是水体的一个固有特征,不仅对污染水体物理性质的测试做出了新尝试,而且为未来污染水体的偏振光遥感研究提供了科学依据。     

主要赋铀岩石可见光—短波红外光谱二向性特征初步实验研究

花岗岩和砂岩是我国主要的赋铀岩石,为了提高利用遥感图像识别这两种岩石精度的效果,开展其可见光—短波红外光谱二向性特征实验研究。对其在微光实验室中,用200 W钨灯与平行光管产生平行光,以15°、 30°和45°入射角照射岩石的自然表面,在距离岩石表面20(25)cm、30 cm和40 cm处用ASD光谱仪垂直岩石表面接收可见光—短波红外反射光谱。光谱测试和数据分析发现,岩石的反射光谱二向性特征明显受岩石结构的影响。全晶质的斑状花岗岩,其二向性特征只受岩石结构类型影响;粗粒和细粒花岗岩都是在光线以30°角入射时具有最大的反射率辐射。非全晶质的砂岩,其二向性特征受岩石结构和结晶颗粒大小的双重影响;粗砂岩在照射光45°角入射时具有最大的反射辐射,而细砂岩则在照射光15°角入射时,具有最强的反射辐射。     

新疆西准噶尔包古图斑岩铜矿蚀变岩石的光谱特征及其意义

地物的光谱特征是遥感识别地物的主要依据,不同地物的反射光谱具有其特定的吸收特征谱带。利用ASD和PIMA反射光谱测试仪对新疆西准噶尔包古图斑岩铜矿Ⅱ号、Ⅴ号斑岩铜矿岩体的蚀变围岩(地表采样与钻井采样)进行测试,并对结果进行分析总结。根据反射光谱特征谱带获得蚀变矿物的种类,确定了岩体的蚀变矿物组合,得到反射光谱的吸收谷在ASTER数据中所处的波段;对反射光谱曲线进行数学积分,获得ASTER数据中的强吸收波段。将以上2种分析得到的吸收性波段组合应用于蚀变遥感异常信息提取,结果表明蚀变遥感异常与野外地质特征吻合程度较高。反射光谱分析表明确定岩石矿物的反射光谱特征谱带是进行遥感信息提取工作的前提,波段组合选取对提取蚀变遥感异常信息非常重要。     

相山矿田邹家山矿床典型蚀变矿物光谱特征

相山矿田是中国迄今为止发现的最大的铀矿床,受到裂隙构造控制,矿田内围岩蚀变强烈。主要蚀变类型有水云母化、萤石化和赤铁矿化。岩石中矿物的反射率随着波长变化而变化形成反射光谱曲线,而不同蚀变矿物具有不同的反射光谱特征。利用SVC HR-768光谱仪对从相山取得的岩石样品进行光谱曲线测量,得到主要蚀变矿物在可见光-近红外波段下的光谱曲线特征,对比分析得出影响蚀变矿物反射率大小的主要因素,并建立相对应的识别光谱模型,为铀矿的找矿提供一些理论依据。     

颗粒度对喀斯特型铝土矿可见光-近红外光谱特征的影响

岩矿反射光谱是智能矿山岩矿智能感知技术以及遥感信息识别的重要参考依据,由于地物表面粗糙度对反射光谱的影响取决于粗糙高度值与波长关系对电磁波传播的影响,因此颗粒度是影响岩石和矿物反射光谱特征的重要因素之一。喀斯特型铝土矿在中国分布广泛,目前有关铝土矿的反射光谱基础数据还非常匮乏。为了探究颗粒度对喀斯特型铝土矿反射光谱的影响规律,本文选取贵州省修文县小山坝喀斯特型铝土矿为研究对象,采用地物光谱仪测试不同颗粒度铝土矿(铝土岩)样品的可见光-近红外反射光谱,并结合铝土矿(铝土岩)主量元素和矿物组成分析讨论铝土矿与铝土岩的光谱差异。结果表明：小山坝铝土矿(铝土岩)由于矿物组成的不同而呈现显著不同的光谱特征,其中铝土矿的反射光谱特征主要与一水硬铝石一致,在1400nm和1800nm波长处有明显的波谷特征,由OH振动谱带所致;铝土岩的反射光谱特征主要与高岭石一致,在1400nm、1900nm、2160nm和2200nm波长处有显著的波谷特征,分别由OH倍频合频、H2O的振动谱带以及Al-OH基团拉伸和弯曲振动的合频所致,且在2160～2200nm波段呈双吸收峰特征。此外,不同颗粒度铝土矿(铝土岩)的...     

面向高光谱矿物填图的多特征结合降维方法研究

高光谱影像具有图谱合一的特点,图像空间信息是遥感影像的重要信息,但以往基于最佳波段选择的降维方法中只考虑基于灰度统计的特征空间信息,忽视了图像空间信息,而且计算量大。综合高光谱遥感影像的特征空间与图像空间信息,提出了一种多特征结合的高光谱影像降维方法并应用于矿物填图中。统计分析波段相关性并划分不同特征子空间;计算各波段的分形维数,在各子空间选择分形维数较小的波段作为候选波段;在候选波段中,计算待识别地物光谱间的相关系数,并快速选择出最佳波段组合。经实验,应用该方法选出的最佳波段组合影像清晰、不同蚀变矿物对比明显,根据特征选择提取出的矿物蚀变信息与应用成熟的光谱角制图(SAM)提取结果大致相同,表明结合图像空间和特征空间的降维方法能够选择出理想的波段组合,有效降低高光谱数据的维数,信息提取效果好。     

基于多光谱的兴城土壤与母岩继承关系研究

为优化区域农业生产力空间布局,精准识别不同地质区域的农业土壤养分供给能力,利用光谱对比的方法,对兴城地区土壤与母岩开展农业地质调查与研究。研究表明:兴城地区绥中花岗岩范围内的土壤中97.69%为棕壤,绥中花岗岩和棕壤的空间分布相对一致,测定二者的光谱曲线,发现吸收峰位置相同且光谱曲线变化趋势大体一致,可以得出该地区棕壤与绥中花岗岩具有明显的继承关系的结论;通过对二者矿物光谱特征的研究,可推测兴城地区棕壤和绥中花岗岩中的矿物成分具有一致性特征。     

岩石和矿物的反射光谱特征及其应用

本文从岩石和矿物成分、粒度、颜色和表面状态探讨它们与反射光谱特征的关系，并研究了某些铜铁矿床的围岩、蚀变岩和矿石的反射光谱特征。对反射光谱数据和物理化学参数进行数理统计分析后，提出区分岩石和矿石较好的工作波段。     

菲律宾宿务岛地区矿化蚀变图像识别与提取分析

文章通过遥感多波段数据的背景端元数M值的估计方法、回归偏度曲线分析和地物光谱反射特征来选择信息提取的特征波段;在综合分析的基础上,选择基于Crosta法的F因子与H因子分析方法,根据不同蚀变信息提取的波段选择,以自行开发的软件对律宾宿务岛地区遥感图像进行矿化蚀变信息检测与提取.提取结果表明,区内已知的矿床(点)和矿化蚀...     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)