吉林省四平南部下二台群小壳化石的发现及其地质意义

吉林省四平南部1:5万半拉山门、石岭街、下二台子、叶赫站幅的吉林省境内区调,首次在经过修订的下二台群黄顶子组下部条带状硅质大理岩中,采获丰富的小壳化石,初步确定为3属6种,其中4新种。属于辽北地区新确立的清河镇动物群辐射演化而来的新的动物群。从而,为这套地层的划分对片、时代确定,提供了重要的古生物佐证。     

岭南东江流域晚更新世哺乳动物化石的新发现

近年在南岭以南的广东东江流域河源地区东源县上莞镇的碧寿洞中发现较丰富的古哺乳动物牙齿化石。经鉴定为6个目5属5种,称之为碧寿动物群。根据碧寿动物群指示的古生态、化石层位、热释光测试结果和生物地层对比初步认为,该动物群与西江流域的罗沙岩动物群一样,都属于晚更新世时期的大熊猫—剑齿象动物群,生活在MIS5a时的间冰期,但罗沙岩动物群的时代略早,为(79.0±15)kaBP,而碧寿动物群则存在于末次冰期/末次间冰期之交的MIS5a之末叶。此动物群为广东东江流域历年首现,代表了当时的热带北缘森林草原的自然环境。     

扬子区奥陶纪、志留纪四射珊瑚分类、生物地层与生物古地理新认识

对扬子区中奥陶世至晚志留世四射珊瑚已发表的属种进行全面清理和厘定。现统计扬子区中奥陶世至晚志留世四射珊瑚约有117个属,其中以晚奥陶世和早志留世珊瑚属数最多。117个属中至少有30个属最早出现在扬子区中、晚奥陶世和早志留世地层。因此,扬子区被认为是奥陶纪、志留纪四射珊瑚起源中心之一。完善和修订扬子区中奥陶世至晚志留世四射珊瑚组合序列,使地层时代划分上均与国际通行标准(统、阶)接轨。尤其对扬子区早志留世Rhuddanian晚期,Aeronian早、晚期以及Telychian早、晚期四射珊瑚组合的重新建立和细分。最新资料表明晚奥陶世观音桥四射珊瑚动物群不但有更多的北欧同期的珊瑚分子,而且还产有北美标准属种Salvadorea,Brachyelasmasubregulare等说明两者也存在一定的联系。扬子区早志留世(Llandovery)的众多四射珊瑚属均为世界广布的,但也有许多地方性属(约有22个,占总数的23·4%)。就珊瑚生物古地理关系,它与同期的西伯利亚、哈萨克斯坦和澳大利亚珊瑚群较密切。     

Biodiversity changes of the Ordovician trilobites in the middle Yangtze region of South China

The biodiversity changes of trilobites in the middle Yangtze region of South China in the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event and the end-Ordovician mass extinction have been analysed. The Ordovician trilobites in this region originated in the early Tremadocian and radiated from the late Floian to the early Katian. Two peaks of diversity appeared in the late Dapingian to the early Darriwilian and the early Katian. The extinction occurred in the late Katian, followed by a survival period in the Hirnantian. The Whiterock fauna began to surpass the Ibex fauna during the early Katian and were dominant by the late Katian to the Hirnantian, indicating that Cambrian Evolutionary Fauna was gradually replaced. The study once again confirms the view that the effects of factors such as sea level, climate, oxygen content, nutrient supply, and tectogenesis differ temporally and to different degrees in different regions, resulting in differences in the vertical sequence and horizontal combination of ecosystems, which is the reason for the different evolution patterns of Ordovician trilobites in different regions.     

吉林省大布苏国家重点化石产地的猛犸象-披毛犀动物群

猛犸象-披毛犀动物群是晚更新世时期北半球最具代表性的典型哺乳动物群,该动物群的化石在中国东北地区广泛分布,其演化、发展乃至灭绝与古人类文明的发展有密切的关系。综述猛犸象-披毛犀动物群的概况,从动物组合、古地理分布、古生态环境等方面介绍了该生物群之全貌。以吉林省大布苏国家重点化石产地为例,对该产地出土的猛犸象-披毛犀动物群化石标本进行了最新的统计(分属6目13科21属23种),对其化石组合特征进行了分析,并对在东北地区深入开展该动物群研究的意义进行了探讨。     

中国首次发现奥陶纪无颌纲古鱼类动物群

2011年5~6月在新疆巴楚县一间房地区南1沟剖面上奥陶统恰尔巴克组首次发现百余件古鱼类化石。根据头甲具有一对眶孔和骨甲具有骨质层结构,将它们确定为无颌纲,并建立了新亚纲1个,新目2个,新科2个,新属新种各4个。鱼类化石赋存于熊剑飞等(2006)在该剖面所作的牙形石Baltoniodus alobatus带中,时代属于晚奥陶世艾家山期早期。根据外部形态特征将这一古鱼类化石群命名为秀丽巴楚鱼-宽吻古盔甲鱼(Bachuiaspis elegans-Palaeogaleaspis platyrostrastus Fauna)动物群。该化石动物群是中国脊椎动物生物证据确凿的记录,也是世界上晚奥陶世早期中国所特有的脊椎动物群。这批化石新材料的发现不仅在古鱼类发生和演化史上,而且在古脊椎动物地理分区和古构造分区上均具有重要的科学价值和研究意义。     

从牙形石论关岭动物群的时代

牙形石是关岭动物群的重要组成门类之一,本文通过对关岭县黄土塘附近产该动物群瓦窑组部底部牙形石的初步研究,获得非常丰富的似舟刺属（ｐａｒａｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ）的分子,并对其中的Ｐ．ｘｉｎｐｕｅｎｓｉｓ（ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ）,Ｐ．ｗａｙａｏｅｎｓｉｓ（ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ）２个新种进行了描述;划分出Ｐ．ｐｏｌｙｇｎａｔｈｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ带;根据Ｎｅｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ－ｅｘｃｅｌｓａ类族演化谱系和地层对比等,认为     

江苏东台廉贻地区大湾组动物群的发现及其意义

<正> 1979年,在东台县廉贻公社张岳庄村边的荻3井2747—2827.5米井段钻遇一套灰岩地层,在岩芯中,陈永祥首次发现三叶虫和腕足类化石,古生物组确定该段地层为大湾组。我们对该井段的岩芯和岩屑进行了系统分析,获得了多种化石。其中大湾组牙形刺14属16种(包括4个未定种),三叶虫5属5种(包括1个未定种),腕足类5属,腹足类2属,     

Early Ordovician (Floian) ostracods from the Cordillera Oriental,Northwest Argentina

The ostracod fauna from the Floian (Lower Ordovician) strata of the Cordillera Oriental, Argentina (Acoite Formation) are documented. One new genus Acoitella and four species are recognized, two of which are new (Nanopsis victoria sp. nov. and Conchoprimitia frequens sp. nov.). The diversity of the Early Ordovician ostracod faunas of the Central Andean Basin is evaluated. Compared with other regions, the ostracod diversity, at generic and specific level, of the Cordillera Oriental was comparatively high during the Tremadocian (nine species recorded) and comparatively low during the Floian (four species recorded). The taxonomic composition of the fauna is similar during the entire Early Ordovician of the Cordillera Oriental, where it displays a high percentage of soanellids. The Floian assemblages are characterized by the dominance of the eridostracan C. frequens sp. nov. with a high percentage of nondimorphic palaeocopids: Nanopsis and two genera of the Soanellidae family (Saltite and Acoitella gen nov.). An ostracod shell bed is described and interpreted to be a parautochthonous assemblage, as a result of transport within the same habitat. The composition of the fauna, with the presence of Saltite and Nanopsis, shows significant affinities with East Gondwana. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Uppermost Permian Radiolaria from Southwestern China

ＳｉｎｃｅＮｅｏａｌｂａｉｌｅｌａ（Ｒａｄｉｏｌａｒｉａ）ｗａｓｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄｂｙＴａｋｅ－ｍｕｒａａｎｄＮａｋａｓｅｋｏ（１９８１）,ｔｈｅｏｃｕｒｅｎｃｅｏｆｔｈｉｓｇｅｎｕｓｈａｓｂｅｅｎｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｆｒｏｍＥｕｒｏｐｅ,ＮｏｒｔｈＡｍ...     

Combination Features, Paleobiogeographic Affinity and Mass Extinction of the Latest Ordovician （Hirnantian） Rugosan Fauna from Northern Guizhou, China

The rugosan fauna from the Guanyinqiao Bed （latest Ordovician, Hirnantian） of northern Guizhou, China is known to belong to the cold or cool-water type corals. The components of the fauna are solitary corals only, and corallite septa are generally strongly dilated, especially the streptelasmatid corals are dominant comprising 98% of the whole fauna. The Guanyinqiao Bed is rich in rugosans of 18 genera, which are streptelasnmtid Streptelasma （=Helicelasma）, Brachyelasma, Amplexobrachyelasma, Salvadorea, Grewingkia, Borelasma, CrassUasma, Leolasma, KenophyUum, UUernelasma, Paramplexoides, Siphonolasma, Pycnactoides, Dalmanophyllum, Bodophyllum, Axiphoria, Lambeophyllum and cystiphyllid Sinkiangolasma. Although this fauna was fairly abundant in a confined area （northern-northeastern Guizhou, southern Sichuan） during the Hirnantian age, the rugosan mass extinction （generic extinction rate 81%） happened at the end of the Hirnantian Stage. It is conduded that the mass extinction is related to the ending of maximum glaciation and ice cap melting in Gondwana in the southern hemisphere in the latest Hirnantian, resulting in rapid global sea-level rise in the earliest Silurian. In the Upper Yangtze Basin, the sea bottom environments were replaced by anoxic and warmer water during that time, so that the cool-water type rugosan became extinct. The present paper attempts to revise some already described rugose coral genera and species （He, 1978, 1985） and to supplement a few new forms from the Guanyinqiao Bed. Fourteen species of 12 genera are re-described and illustrated, of which one species- Grewingkia latifossulata is new. As a whole, the rugosan fauna of the Guanyinqiao Bed may be correlated with those contemporaneous of North Europe, Estonia and North America, indicating a dose biogeographic affinity to North Europe.     

New potassium‐argon basalt date in relation to the Pliocene Bluff Downs Local Fauna,northern Australia

A new radiometric date of 3.6 Ma for the basalt overlying fossiliferous units of the Allingham Formation, provides a minimum age for the Bluff Downs Local Fauna. Ground studies and interpretation of aerial photography has clarified the volcanic history of the area and a new basalt flow has been identified and named. Although the age of the capping basalt permits a younger age for the Bluff Downs Local Fauna than originally described, the stratigraphy, combined with the interpreted stage of evolution of the fauna, still supports an Early Pliocene age for the site.     

粤西云开地区中奥陶世双壳类动物群的发现及其意义初探

在粤西云开地区东冲组内发现以双壳类占绝对优势的中奥陶世动物群,包括双壳类:Praenucula cf.sharpei Babin and Gutierrez-Marco,P.sp.,Homilodonta regularis（Portlock）,Similodonta similis（Ulrich）,S.cf.cerys Cope,S.sp.,Trigonoconcha acuta Sanchez,Concavodonta sp.,Arcodonta sp.,Sthenodonta cf.eastii（Tata）,S.sp.,Nuculites cf.cylindricus（Portlock）,N.sp.,Phestia sp.,Cardiolaria? sp.,Inaequidens cf.davisi Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson,I.sp.,Mytilarca? sp.,Cyrtodonta sp.,Modiolopsis spp.,Carminodonta sp.,Famatinodonta sp.等及若干未命名的新属,同层产出的还有三叶虫和腕足类等.双壳类化石个体小、丰度高、分异度高,以古栉齿类占绝对优势,该发现丰富了我国及世界中奥陶世双壳类动物群,为研究区中-上奥陶统的划分对比以及华南板块古地理重建增添了新的古生物学证据,特别是为研究双壳类的早期演化和奥陶纪早期双壳类辐射演化提供了关键信息.      

A New Arthropod, Guangweicaris Luo, Fu et Hu gen. nov. from the Early Cambrian Guanshan Fauna, Kunming, China

The Guanshan Fauna is a soft-bodied fauna dominated by arthropods （including trilobites, trilobitoides, Tuzoia, Isoxys, and bradorids） in association with priapulids, brachiopods, anomalocaridids, vetulicoliids, sponges, chancellorids, and echinoderms. This paper reports and describes a new arthropod from the yellowish green mudstone at the lower part of the Wulongqing Formation, Canglangpuan Stage, Lower Cambrian in Kunming, Yunnan, China. The stratigraphic and geographic distribution, classification, fossil preservation, life style of this new arthropod and comparisons with other fossil arthropods are also discussed in details. The discovery and research of the non-mineralized arthropod, Guangweicaris Luo, Fu et Hu gen. nov. from the Guanshan Fauna adds new members to the taxonomic list and provides new information to the evolution of early arthropods. Furthermore, this study would shed new light into the ＂Cambrian Explosion＂ and the evolution of early life.     

萨拉乌苏动物群有关属种的修订与讨论

随着地层学和年代学工作的深入开展,对萨拉乌苏河地区的地层划分愈加仔细;原含萨拉乌苏动物群的地层现在被划分为下部的萨拉乌苏组和上部的城川组。相应地,过去的萨拉乌苏动物群也被划分为萨拉乌苏动物群和城川动物群;而萨拉乌苏动物群又被进一步划分为下部组合和上部组合,下部组合含王氏水牛和诺氏古菱齿象化石,与欧洲的末次间冰期对应;上部组合以野驴和披毛犀为主,与末次冰期第一阶段对应。但对萨拉乌苏河地区晚更新世动物群中有些属种的分类命名问题,一直未达成共识,有些甚至存在错误认识。关于萨拉乌苏动物群是否含有肿骨大角鹿的问题,争论持续了近20年。最新研究表明,在萨拉乌苏组中发现的两件有肿厚现象的大角鹿下颌骨,应当归入河套中国大角鹿(Sinomegaceros ordosianus),而非肿骨大角鹿。因为,下颌骨肿厚是大角鹿类所有种的共有特征。过去很多文献中提到萨拉乌苏动物群中有"蒙古鹿",经笔者核对,该名称最早被用于"大角鹿蒙古变种"(Cervus megacerosvar.mongoliae)和"蒙古马鹿"(Cervus mongoliae);但这两个名称后来均被弃置不用。关于萨拉乌苏动物群中的恰克图转角羚羊,后来曾有人将其转入许家窑扭角羚,经笔者研究,认为萨拉乌苏河地区的转角羚羊应保持原有名称,即恰克图转角羚羊。     

A New Fauna——Qinghezhen Fauna——from the Northern Margin of the North China Platform

In the Inner Mongolia axis and Jiaoliao anteclise along the northern margin of the North China Platform.it has been found that the strata formerly considered as Archaean and Proterozoic are in fact an ophiolite suitesimilar to the Early Palaeozoic Ondor Sum Group in the Northern Geosyncline region of China. The stratahave been named in northern Liaoning as the Qinghezhen Group. The emphasis of this paper is on the discus-sion of the simall shelly fossils found in the siliceous rocks in the upper part of the Qinghezhen Group. Thisophiolite suite stretches in an E-W direction for about 1000 km along the northern margin of the North ChinaPlatform. in which 15 fossil localities with stable stratigraphic horizons have been discovered. In this paper. 4types. 7 genera (including 5 new ones) and 10 species (including 8 new ones and 1 new subspecies) aredescribed, which are collectively referred to as the Qinghezhen Fauna. The characteristics of these fossils are:shell form simple. the maximum length not exceeding 4 mm. with obvious shell wall and wall ornaments. TheQinghezhen Fauna is comparable in shell structure of some genera and species with the Meishucun Fauna inSouth China, but differs from the latter in having only monotonous fossil groups developed in a distinctly va-ried ecological environment. The two faunas may belong to the same evolutionary stage of the Early Cambrianbut have developed parallelly in different regions. The existence of the Qinghezhen Fauna represents an impor-tant biological event in the Early Cambrian in the Northern Geosyncline region of China. The discovery of theQinghezhen Fauna will bring new knowledge and profound influence to a series of problems on basic geologyand mineral deposit prospecting such as the Cambrian faunas. biogeographical povincialism in China and thegeotectonic features of the northern margin of the North China Platform.     

吉林南部晚寒武世凤山期三叶虫动物群兼论寒武－奥陶系界线

吉林南部晚寒武世及早奥陶世地层层序连续完整，三叶虫化石丰富。本文将上寒武统凤山阶划分为５个生物带，并与有关地区进行对比，讨论了寒武－奥陶系界线。三叶虫包括５３个种，分属２６个属。由于篇幅所限，仅描述少数属种。     

New finding of Upper Ordovician flora in Kazakhstan

Sixteen occurrences of fossils of Ordovician land plants are recorded from Kazakhstan. These plant remains occur together with a fauna which dates the beds as Upper Ordovician (Caradocian). The fragmentary specimens belong to at least three ancient types of land flora: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, and Sphenopsida. Additional material may belong to the Pteropsida. New genera and species of Lycopsida and Sphenopsida are recognized. The author suggests that conclusions regarding the existence of three consecutive Devonian faunas and regarding the Psilopsida as ancestors of land plants are open to criticism in light of these recent discoveries of varied pre-Devonian floras. — H.C. Kent.