塔里木地体大地电磁调查和岩石圈三维结构

经过在塔里木盆地内701个大地电磁测站的数据采集、资料处理和三维反演,取得测点分布比较均匀的岩石圈三维电阻率模型,从电性结构角度刻划了塔里木地体三维岩石圈构造。反演取得的电阻率模型表明电性岩石圈厚度为138km,沉积盆地内部的电阻率大都反映为低阻,电阻率小于10Ωm。上地壳结晶基底为高阻,深度12~24km;中下地壳为中低阻层,深度约24~47km。岩石圈地幔上层为低阻,深度约47~88km,电阻率为10Ωm。岩石圈地幔下层高阻,深度约88~138km。软流圈极低阻,电阻率仅为4Ωm。塔里木地体中上地壳高导层不发育(满加尔除外),地壳平均电阻率值偏高,电性莫霍面不清晰,下方有一个厚的高电阻率"根",说明塔里木盆地具有克拉通盆地的属性。同时塔里木地体的四周为高角度岩石圈断裂包围,四缘有高电阻率区存在,深度从15km到90km基本不变,这又说明塔里木盆地为处于造山带之间的大型断陷盆地。塔里木地体为早古生代古特提斯洋中漂移的大陆克拉通地体,以后由于大陆碰撞挤压发生地壳断陷成盆;因此,把它称为断陷型克拉通盆地更为准确。盆地内满加尔和罗布泊低阻区深度从上地壳15km到约90km地幔一直存在,到下地壳之后在北缘打开缺口冲过南天山。推测这一低阻带形成于晚古生代古亚洲洋封闭阶段,是塔里木和哈萨克斯坦地体、西伯利亚克拉通发生碰撞的产物。满加尔坳陷、塔西南的和田坳陷、叶城-莎车坳陷和于田-民丰坳陷、以及唐古孜巴斯坳陷地壳呈现低电阻率,说明这里流体活跃,有利于大型特大型油气成藏。     

大地电磁测深法在冀中坳陷深部碳酸盐岩热储调查评价中的应用

地热资源作为一种清洁能源,在“双碳”背景下,其开发和利用越来越受到重视。为了探查渤海湾盆地的冀中坳陷深部碳酸盐岩的热储条件,笔者等利用3条大地电磁测深剖面,进行了数据处理、分析和反演,获得可靠的二维电阻率模型和电阻率等深度平面图。分析研究区深部电性结构特征及主要断裂构造特征,同时根据基底隆起形成的高阻异常对深部碳酸盐岩分布和埋深进行了推断,并对冀中坳陷深部碳酸盐岩热储进行评价,以圈定地热异常远景区。分析认为：① 研究区电性结构可以被划分为5层,其中第5电性层为高阻标志层,对应深部碳酸盐岩基底;② 据此圈定了3类深部地热远景区：基岩埋深小于4000 m,如高阳低凸起地热远景区、黑龙口低凸起地热远景区（徐水凹陷）和河间潜山地热远景区（饶阳凹陷）,基岩埋深4000~5000 m,如雁翎潜山地热远景区（霸县凹陷）,基岩埋深5000~5500 m,如肃宁潜山地热远景区和留路潜山地热远景区;③ 大地电磁测深方法适用于冀中坳陷深部碳酸盐岩热储远景区的探查。深部热储远景区的圈定,可为后期的地热资源评价和开发利用建立基础。     

塔里木盆地中—新生界构造单元划分

塔里木盆地作为典型的多旋回叠合盆地,中生代以来经历了印支、燕山和喜山等多期构造运动,造成中—新生界构造格局与古生界构造格局差异较大.应用航磁、重力、钻井、测井以及地震等资料,获得了盆地中-新生界地层分布、区域构造变形特点和含油气性特征,兼顾基底形态和后期改造作用影响,对塔里木盆地中-新生界构造单元划分为“三坳一隆一斜坡”,即北部坳陷区、西南坳陷区、东南坳陷区、中央隆起区和东北斜坡区5个一级构造单元和11个二级构造单元.显然,该构造单元的划分对盆地中—新生界次生油气蘸和隐蔽油气藏勘探具有重要意义.     

塔里木盆地富满大型碳酸盐岩油气聚集区走滑断裂控储模式

塔里木盆地台盆区深层海相油气勘探目标由层间岩溶向断控岩溶转变,并在处于坳陷区的富满地区发现了以走滑断裂为主控因素的断控型油田。富满地区储层特征与盆地内古隆起区、斜坡区均有不同,因此需要建立适合研究区的走滑断裂控储模式。本次研究通过高密度三维地震资料刻画了研究区走滑断裂的分布,利用岩心、测井、试井资料以及缝洞体识别技术明确了不同类型的储层分布,分析了研究区走滑断裂样式与差异变形对储层发育的影响,建立了走滑断裂控储模式。研究结果表明:(1)富满大型碳酸盐岩油气聚集区储集空间主要由多期走滑构造破裂作用与岩溶作用形成的洞穴型、裂缝-孔洞型、裂缝型与孔洞型空间组成;(2)走滑断裂活动性越强,断裂带宽度越大,储层发育规模越大,张扭段与压扭段断层破碎带型储层较平移段平面分布范围更广,纵向发育深度更大;(3)张扭段为汇水区,断裂联通性好,有利于大气流体下渗以及热流体上涌从而对储层进行溶蚀改造;压扭段为分流区,岩溶储层多发育于断裂带两侧,断裂开启程度低,受流体改造程度低于张扭段。     

鲁西北地区理疗热矿水的形成条件及找矿靶区

鲁西北地区赋存发育碳酸盐岩类裂隙-岩溶型与砂岩类裂隙-孔隙型2种理疗热矿水,碳酸盐岩类裂隙-岩溶型理疗热矿水主要为氟·锶水;砂岩类裂隙-孔隙型理疗热矿水主要为锶水和溴·锶水。根据对理疗热矿水形成条件的分析,研究区内的鲁西地块阳谷-齐河凸起与坳(凹)陷区内的顶部风化壳岩溶发育的基底凸起(潜山)是碳酸盐岩类裂隙-岩溶型理疗热矿水的找矿靶区;华北坳陷区内深大断裂及坳(凹)陷边缘较大断裂附近的次级构造发育区是砂岩类裂隙-孔隙型理疗热矿水的找矿靶区。     

黔南、黔北及南盘江坳陷古生代碳酸盐岩储层特征

黔南、黔北及南盘江坳陷发育有相当规模的古生代海相碳酸盐岩沉积,沉积厚度大;重要储层岩性为微晶-亮晶生物碎屑灰岩、藻礁-生物礁灰岩和生物碎屑叠层泥晶灰岩;储集空间类型为原生和次生孔隙:原生孔隙有生物体腔孔、生物骨架孔和原生粒间孔,次生孔隙有晶间孔、粒内溶孔、铸模孔、溶蚀孔和微孔,以及缝合线孔隙和裂隙。本区溶蚀作用形成的次生孔隙增大了储层储集空间,使面孔率达到8.7%,而后期形成的构造裂缝又改善了储层的连通性,提高了储层的渗透能力;从储集空间的配置关系角度对碳酸盐岩储层进行油气资源评价分析,得出黔南坳陷碳酸盐岩储层为I类储集层;南盘江坳陷和黔北坳陷碳酸盐岩储层为II类储集层。     

塔里木盆地深层气勘探潜势

随着浅层天然气资源勘探难度的增大,进行深层天然气勘探已成必然趋势。塔里木盆地位于中国西部,是中国最大的沉积盆地。在盆地内广泛发育有寒武系-奥陶系、石炭系-下二叠统和三叠系-侏罗系等 3套优质烃源岩,以及多套优质储层和盖层,形成了 5套区域性储盖组合。因而,该盆地具有良好深层天然气形成、储集和保存的物质基础。再结合塔里木盆地目前勘探形势,指出该盆地库车坳陷、塔北隆起、塔中隆起、巴楚隆起和塔西南坳陷具有广阔的深层气勘探前景。     

塔北隆起-库车坳陷区中新生代基底-盖层构造变形机理

利用三维建模软件获取了塔北隆起-库车坳陷区现今及不同时期基底构造格局，为基底构造分析提供了新的技术方法。研究表明，三叠纪-古近纪，塔里木盆地北部块体的基底构造基本处于稳定状态，基底-盖层构造变形不明显；新近纪，克拉苏背斜带以北的塔里木盆地基底明显向天山倾斜，库车基底俯冲变形导致基底转折带逐渐向南迁移，库车前陆盆地形成；第四纪时期，库车-拜城盆地的基底整体向天山下倾斜，基底构造的强转折带迁移到塔北隆起带；新近纪以来库车坳陷的基底转折期与塔北隆起盖层的负反转构造形成期在时间上一致，在空间上，库车坳陷的基底在强烈沉降俯冲的同时，相邻塔北隆起的基底相对隆起，形成库车新生代前陆盆地的前隆；库车前陆冲断带的形成是在库车基底斜坡上伴随天山的推覆而形成的；塔北隆起为库车前陆盆地的前隆，基底俯冲变形及其转折带迁移导致塔北隆起盖层负反转构造的形成。     

塔里木盆地西南部的三维密度扰动成像

塔里木盆地西南部位于昆仑造山带东北方,地壳构造特殊,是中国天然气勘探的重要区域。在地面重力调查的基础上,笔者等对2~15 km的盆地西南部的密度扰动结构进行成像计算,并结合电阻率三维结构对地壳构造进行分析。本文根据重力场小波变换的尺度—源深度转换律,进行地面重力异常场多尺度分解,取得了反映中国地壳不同埋藏深度的小波细节,揭示了研究区地壳的密度结构。结果表明,网度足够密的区域高精度重力场测量可以获得关于沉积盆地深部构造的丰富信息,应用小波多尺度分析和三维反演方法可以把与深层构造有关的地质信息提取出来,客观地为沉积盆地内部构造演化和油气勘探提供依据。塔里木盆地西南部上地壳三维密度扰动成像揭示了昆仑山脉向北仰冲推覆构造楔和山前坳陷带的立体结构,为盆山耦合动力学研究和深层油气勘探提供了新的认识。大地电磁数据三维反演取得的盆地三维电阻率模型,从电性结构角度得到了盆地的三维构造,和盆地西南部的密度结构有很好的相关性,支持了密度扰动成像的有关结论。     

南薇西盆地重磁场特征及油气资源远景

结合南薇西盆地及邻区的重、磁力异常特征分析与综合反演,文章对该区油气有利远景区进行了预测。南薇西盆地北部坳陷和北部隆起以高重高磁特征为主,火山活动强烈。中部坳陷、南部隆起及南部坳陷的北部表现为整体低重、低磁背景上的局部团块状高重、高磁异常,为火山岩与碳酸盐台地的综合反映。南薇西盆地新生界厚度呈北东向条带状薄厚相间的特征,南部坳陷新生界厚度最大,中部坳陷次之。盆地北部处于莫霍面隆起区,而南部莫霍面相对较深,为减薄型陆壳的特征。北部坳陷和北部隆起居里面整体较浅,可能与南海扩张引起岩石圈的强烈伸展减薄、地幔物质上侵有关。中部坳陷和南部隆起的居里面明显浅于南部坳陷,表明中部坳陷和南部隆起的热活动强于南部坳陷。重磁场特征及其反演结果与石油地质特征表明,南薇西盆地的中部坳陷、南部隆起及其西南盆地外围的区域应为盆地最好的油气远景区,其次为南部坳陷,北部坳陷和北部隆起油气潜力不大。在油气远景区内,局部团块状、等轴状的重力高异常区部分可能为碳酸盐台地,生物礁较为发育,应为未来的勘探目标。      

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of