可可西里东部活动断裂的地质特征

通过大比例尺地质勘测、路线观测、探槽揭露和综合分析,在青藏铁路可可西里段沿线鉴别出14条活动走滑断层,组成五道梁活动断裂、可可西里山北活动断裂和可可西里山南活动断裂,构成可可西里东部活动走滑断裂系。典型断层F_(16),F_(16-4),F_(17-2),F_(17-3),F_(18-4)切割最新地层的年龄分别为4500a,5.33万a,3700 a,1.53万a,6000 a,反映可可西里东部走滑断裂系在晚更新世晚期—全新世具有强烈活动;估算断层平均走滑运动速度分别为1.50 mm/a,0.39 mm/a,7.76 mm/a,6.76 mm/a,3.27mm/a。部分活动走滑断层发育砂质构造楔、地震陡坎和砂土液化现象,反映可可西里东部走滑断裂系具有强烈的地震活动性。断裂活动能够产生多种不同类型的地质灾害,对青藏公路、青藏铁路及永久性重大工程安全具有不良影响。     

西淋岗第四系断层探测及活动性评价

利用地质雷达、氡气测量和释光测年方法对珠江三角洲北部西淋岗断裂进行探测并界定了地层年龄。结果表明：在晚更新世期间,西淋岗地区发生了至少2次突发性断裂活动。第一次活动在距今4万a左右,断层上盘地块发生了较大幅度的单边倾倒,造成断层两盘产生了近55 m的断距,形成了第四系内的角度不整合接触;在距今2万a之后,断裂第二次活动,形成了地表所见到的053 m地层错动。此外,断裂上方土壤氡气异常峰值大于背景值3倍,这说明了西淋岗断裂具有活动性和潜在危险性,也改变了珠三角地区断裂为“蠕滑断裂”的认识。     

四川攀西地区晚新生代构造变形历史与隆升过程初步研究

基于TM遥感图像解译和野外调研，分析了攀西地区大渡河、安宁河深切河谷地貌特征和断裂带构造变形特征，建立了安宁河断裂带晚新生代5阶段变形历史。研究表明，中新世晚期—上新世早期，安宁河断裂以挤压走滑活动为主；上新世晚期至早更新世时期，断裂以斜张走滑活动为主，活动强度较弱；早中更新世之间发生的元谋运动使昔格达组湖相地层褶皱变形；中晚更新世时期发生断陷作用，形成安宁河两堑夹—垒的构造格局；晚更新世—全新世时期又以左旋走滑活动为主。综合安宁河、大渡河河谷地貌和晚新生代地层记录和变形特征，提出了攀西高原晚新生代4阶段隆升模式：中新世早中期(12Ma之前)以缓慢隆升与区域夷平化作用为主，中新世晚期—上新世早期(12～3．4Ma)是高原快速隆升与河流强烈下切的时期，上新世晚期—早更新世(3．4～1.1Ma)为昔格达湖盆发育时期，中晚更新世—全新世(1．1Ma以来)是高原快速隆升与河谷阶地发育时期。最后指出，至上新世晚期(3．4Ma以前)，攀西高原海拔高度可能超过了3000m。     

维西-乔后断裂新活动特征及其与红河断裂的关系

根据野外调查结果,重点阐述了维西-乔后断裂晚第四纪活动特征,并对其与红河断裂之间的关系进行了探讨分析。维西-乔后断裂对晚新生代盆地具有明显的控制作用,右旋走滑特征明显,沿线山脊和河流表现为同步右旋位错。德胜和长邑南探槽揭示其断错了晚更新世晚期-全新世堆积。岩曲-石岩村一带Ⅱ级河流阶地和后缘洪积扇上发育长约3 km、高2.5 m左右的断层陡坎。根据洪积扇、冲沟和河流阶地位错量估算,该断裂晚更新世晚期以来右旋水平滑动速率为1.8~2.4 mm/a,垂直滑动速率为0.30~0.35 mm/a。它南与红河断裂相连,北与金沙江断裂相接,新生代以来具有与红河断裂和金沙江断裂相似的运动学特征、相同的地质演化历史和构造变形机制,是红河活动断裂的北延部分。维西-乔后断裂与红河、金沙江以及德钦-中甸-大具等断裂一起,共同构成了川滇活动块体的西部边界。      

北黄海盆地东部坳陷断裂构造分析

北黄海盆地是我国海域勘探程度较低的含油气盆地,断裂构造极其发育并对盆地的沉积构造演化及油气成藏具有重要控制作用。通过对北黄海盆地东部坳陷最新三维地震资料精细构造解释,系统研究了该区的断裂构造类型、特征及其成因演化。断裂构造类型按运动学特征可分为正断层、逆断层、扭动断层和反转断层;按断层级别与规模可分为一级控盆断层、二级控凹断层、三级控带断层、四级控圈断层和五级层内或层间小断层。研究区主要发育了北西向、北东向、近南北向和近东西向4组断层,平面组合样式有平行式、斜交式、雁列式、斜列式等;断裂剖面形态有犁式、座椅式、坡坪式、平直式等,剖面组合样式包括伸展性质的地堑、地垒、"Y"字形、反"Y"字形、复合"Y"字形、同向断阶、反向断阶、"入"字形、羽状、帚状、树枝状、梳状和扭动性质的似花状、半花状以及挤压性质的叠瓦状。中-新生代断裂活动主要有6个地质时期:1中侏罗世-晚侏罗世伸展活动;2侏罗纪末期挤压反转;3早白垩世弱伸展活动;4始新世-早渐新世伸展活动;5晚渐新世伸展活动;6新近纪弱伸展活动。北黄海盆地东部坳陷中、新生代构造演化经历了多期伸展-反转挤压(隆升)构造旋回,上述断裂分期差异活动是周边板块运动和深部地质作用双重控制的结果。     

黄河黑山峡大柳树坝区F201断裂特征及工程评价

F~(201)断裂位于黄河黑山峡大柳树坝址北1.9km,长8.5km,呈北80°西方向,南倾60°—80°,为左旋逆冲断层,段古老的东西向构造带成分。第四纪以来,断裂的活动具分属性,仅中段长2.0km的范围内见距今2.2×10~4a以来至1.1×10~4a左右有过三次活动,时间分别为距今2.2×10~4a左右,1.72—1.31×10~4a之间,1.1×10~4a左右。而东段仅见晚更新世早期活动,西段大部分隐伏于晚更新世中、晚期地层之下。根据工程地质评价标准,F~(201)断裂应为非活动断裂,至多为弱活动断裂。而这种活动很可能是受其北侧中卫—同心断裂带的影响所至,而不象是F~(201)断裂发生地震造成的。为了大坝的安全,不妨认为F~(201)断裂为发震断裂,评价出断裂发震对大坝的影响烈度不会达到其基本烈Ⅷ度度,地震形变带宽度远不会达到400m,不会对坝址造成毁坏。因此,在大柳树当地材料高坝按基本烈度Ⅷ度设防的条件下,F_(201)断裂不会对工程产生危害。     

广东省及邻区新生代以来构造运动与地震活动分区的研究

综合分析多年来地震地质调查资料,将广东省及部分邻区划分为具不同构造活动特点的6个区,分别论述、分析这些区内新生代以来的断裂构造、火山喷发、第四纪沉积及地震活动等。结果认为,由断层样品热释光测定确定的断层最近期活动年龄主要是在中更新世和晚更新世,沿海地带主要为晚更新世和全新世。新生代以来构造具继承性活动的地区是地震最活动地区,如琼雷地区。同时,由于历史上发生过强震,地震后至今具较大速率下沉地区,在今后相当长时间内可能是不易发生强震地区,如琼北东部和南澎-南澳地区;Ms6级地震将主要发生在晚更新世以来的新生盆地,如潮汕盆地和近岸海湾地区;Ms5级地震在一定条件下,几乎可能发生在省内的任何地区。     

大兴安岭北段雅鲁河断裂晚更新世活动记录

大兴安岭北段雅鲁河断裂为典型的活动断层,对区域晚更新世地质和地貌演化及现代地震具有控制意义。在扎兰屯市成吉思汗镇北雅鲁河东侧发现雅鲁河断裂活动记录,以野外资料为基础,通过相关松散堆积物的光释光测年,厘定断层活动特征和活动时限,并结合相关经验公式,估测该记录反映的古地震特征。研究结果显示,雅鲁河断裂晚更新世在扎兰屯南部地区存在断层活动,断层走向近SN向、倾向265°、倾角约55°,性质为逆断层;断层活动错断了中生代流纹岩和晚更新世早-中期洪冲积物,并被晚更新世晚期残积和冲积物覆盖,断层活动发生在距今53.4±6.7~39.1±3.6ka之间;活动记录所反映的古地震矩震级(M0)和面波震级(Ms)为6.7级,地震发生时地表破裂长度(SRL)约为30.2~37.8km。     

青藏高原中新生代花岗岩Sr、Nd同位素研究

青藏高原中新生代岩浆活动强烈，本文报道青藏高原西部中新生代代表性花岗岩的Sr，Nd同位素测定结果，结合前人已发表的东部地区花岗岩同位素资料，初步探讨了青藏高原地区中新生代花岗岩的Sr，Nd同位素组成、物质来源与成因。研究表明，分布于冈底斯地块北南边界(即冈底斯花岗岩北带和南带)与洋壳俯冲有关的燕山晚期花岗岩，具有低^87Sr／^86Sr初始值(小于0．706)、正εNd(t)值和年轻的t2DM模式年龄的特征，岩浆来源于俯冲洋壳的熔融；与陆-陆碰撞及碰撞后有关的冈底斯花岗岩^87Sr／^86Sr初始值变化大(0．706～0719)，而εNd(t)值和t2DM都在很小范围变化，Sr、Nd同位素组成似乎与时代、岩性无关，说明壳幔混合花岗岩的同位素源区长时期保持相对均一。无洋壳物质参与的通过陆内俯冲作用形成的喜马拉雅区花岗岩，具有高^87Sr/^86Sr初始值(大于0.720)、古老模式t2DM年龄(1792～2206Ma)和低εNd(t)值(-10．3～-16．3)特征，并与基底岩石的Sr，Nd组成一致，岩浆源区为壳源。由此说明花岗岩类及其岩石组合的形成主要取决于深部部分熔融物质的成分，不同火成岩组合的差异反映了青藏高原岩石圈组成和演化的不均一性。     

青藏高原北缘阿尔金走滑边界的侧向扩展——甘肃北山晚新生代走滑构造与地壳稳定性分析

对北山地区遥感影像和野外地质特征的分析表明,自阿尔金断裂带向NW方向依次出露三危山-双塔断裂、大泉断裂和红柳河断裂。这些断裂近于平行,且同为左行走滑断裂,具有相似的展布特征,空间走向均为NE40-50°,断裂系末端均发育“树枝状”分支断层．在断层夹块之间形成“多米诺”构造,构成了北山地区主要的构造样式。断层谷地沉积物分析和断层泥ESR年代学测试结果表明,三危山-双塔断裂形成于上新世（N2k）,大泉断裂形成于早更新世（1．2-1．5Ma）．而北山地区分支断层和次级断层的活动在400ka之后。对北山地区断裂构造几何学和年代学的研究表明．阿尔金断裂系晚新生代以来向NW方向的侧向扩展．是阿尔金走滑边界重要的生长方式。北山地区特殊的走滑构造组合样式．使该地区的构造变形难于在某条断层上聚集能量,而分散在若干条次级断层上的位移量又微乎其微,该地区成为“最稳定的活动区”。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with