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海洋油气的目标地球化学探测是直接为局部构造排序和钻探井位优选而采取的一种综合性的油气勘探技术。首先是进行目标区海底油气渗漏的地球物理识别,具体包括:利用合成孔径雷达对海水表面油膜的识别,利用侧扫声纳、多波速和浅地层剖面测量对海底表面特征的识别,以及利用二维、三维地震对海底深层特征的识别等;然后是开展目标区油气地球化学探测,包括取样站位布设,样品采集和处理,地球化学指标分析测试,地球化学异常提取和综合评价等。通过对南黄海目标区侧扫声纳、浅地层剖面,以及二维地震资料的综合分析,确定了可能油气渗漏区,开展了油气地球化学探测,识别出了单指标异常和多指标综合异常,划分了4个地球化学区。地球化学区与目标区内的局部构造和断裂构造关系密切。综合评价结果表明,4个地球化学区含油气性优劣的排序是Ⅰ区〉Ⅲ区〉Ⅱ区〉Ⅳ区。据此建议钻探井位布设在Ⅰ区即ZC7-1构造或Ⅲ区即ZC133构造上。 相似文献
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中国科学院海洋研究所剖面仪研制组 《海洋科学集刊》1974,(9):17-26
近十年来,探测海底几十米至几百米松散沉积层分层结构的“海底浅地层剖面仪”已逐步发展定型,并广泛用于海底工程施工和海洋地质研究方面。这种浅地层剖面仪主要采用以下几种声源装置:电致伸缩器件、磁致伸缩器件、电磁脉冲声源、电火花放电器以及气枪。
浅层剖面仪实际上是一种以地层为探测目标的主动声纳,本文给出了有关的声纳方程式,它将有助于这类仪器的工程设计和性能预报。
从探层声纳方程式出发,采用电磁脉冲声源研制了浅层剖面仪,获得了穿透地层几十米的较高分辨率的记录。对此,本文也作了简单的介绍。 相似文献
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海底管道在油气工业中发挥着重要作用,为保障其安全运营必须定期进行检测掌握其在海底的状态。有的海底管道在铺设时为其安全考虑,在海底管道上方覆盖了抛石等硬质保护层,这样就导致在海底管道定期检测时一些检测仪器难以探测到硬质保护层下海底管道的位置和埋深,而浅地层剖面仪和磁力仪仍然可以不同程度地实现这种情况下的海底管道检测。文中对浅地层剖面仪和磁力仪的原理进行了介绍并对其在上覆抛石等硬质保护层海底管道检测中的应用进行了分析探讨。分析结果表明浅地层剖面仪和磁力仪组成的综合检测系统对上覆硬质保护层的海底管道探测有一定效果,可查明海硬质保护层下海底管道的位置和埋深,为海底管道的安全管理和维护提供数据支持,也可为其他类似海底管道检测提供参考。 相似文献
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近年来,随着我国海洋资源的不断开发,越来越多的海洋油气资源采用海底管道(输油、输气等)输送到陆地.这些管道长期在水深较浅的海底中,容易受到风浪、潮流或其他外力作用,一旦发生悬空或断裂,不仅会造成大量的经济损失,而且可能产生重大的海洋污染,从而带来巨大的社会不良影响.因此,对海底管道定期检测非常重要.海底管道铺设后要进行检测,探明海底管道在海底的实际状态,查明受破坏的程度和位置,以便进行维护.通过分析表明,采用测深仪、SES-96声参量阵极浅地层剖面仪及侧扫声呐进行综合探测是比较有效的方法. 相似文献
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N. Rollet G.A. Logan G. Ryan A.G. Judd J.M. Totterdell K. Glenn A.T. Jones F. Kroh H.I.M. Struckmeyer J.M. Kennard K.L. Earl 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009
A variety of shallow gas indicators and fluid migration pathways have been interpreted from new sub-bottom profiler, multibeam bathymetry, side-scan sonar, and echo-sounder data together with geochemical analyses of sampled sediments from the northern Arafura Sea, offshore Northern Australia. This study provides new geological data and a seismic stratigraphy of the youngest units in the Money Shoal Basin, in an area that has not been closely studied in over 30 years. The shallow gas indicators include pockmarks, low frequency enhanced reflectors and acoustic blanking. These indicators are supported by gas within shallow cores. Geochemistry indicates that this gas has a microbial origin but deeper fluid movement is also suggested by the presence of interpreted hydrocarbon slicks based on synthetic aperture radar data. A region of likely hydrocarbon seepage is indicated by the clear coincidence of shallow gas indicators with an area of increased faulting and a zone of poor quality seismic data (recognised on conventional seismic data), together with anomalies (interpreted on remote-sensing data) aligned with mapped deep structures. 相似文献
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In July 1999, we conducted a side-scan sonar survey in the southeastern Mediterranean Sea, between 300- and 800-m water depths approximately 30 nautical miles from the Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip. Examination of the sonar imagery revealed numerous acoustic targets, each on the order of a few meters and surrounded by small depressions. Subsequent visual inspection of two of these targets by a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) revealed they were cold hydrocarbon seeps through which small bubbles of gas and shimmering fluids were emitted. Surrounding each cold seep were benthic communities of organisms. The ROV was used to gather video and still-camera imagery, map the surrounding microbathymetry, and collect samples of the seep structure and associated organisms. A sub-bottom profiler, which was attached to the ROV, was used to image the submerged structure of the second seep site. Further examination and analysis revealed that the seeps comprise hard deposits of calcium carbonate, and that the organisms are clams and polychaetes which are probably chemosymbiotic. The origin of the seep gas is hypothesized to be the natural decay of organic matter in the sapropel sediment, leading to the production of methane. Circulating fluids, which carry the dissolved gas through preferential pathways along small faults or bedding planes, percolate through the seafloor, precipitate calcium carbonate, release gas, and support the benthic organisms. 相似文献
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由沉溺珊瑚礁、各类胶结砂以及胶结的珊瑚石或贝壳碎屑等组成的硬质薄层通常呈零散状分布,地质取样难以准确确定它们是如何分布的,这给海底管线施工带来极大的困难和风险。本文以南海北部为例,基于多种物探资料并结合正演模拟,分析、总结了海底以及海底之下硬质薄层的声学特征,在研究区综合识别出23个硬质薄层分布区。研究认为,硬质薄层与松散沉积物物理性质的差异可用于声学探测数据识别和定位。在浅地层剖面上,硬质薄层表现为强反射薄层,并对其下方地层的地震反射信号有一定的屏蔽作用,这一现象有助于确定硬质薄层是否存在以及其埋深和位置。在侧扫声呐影像和后向散射强度图上,硬质薄层通常表现为具有不规则形状的明暗变化阴影,阴影的边界指示了硬质薄层的分布范围。当硬质薄层出露于海底时,侧扫影像、反向散射强度结合浅地层剖面可以有效地识别并确定硬质薄层的范围;而当硬质薄层位于海床浅部(埋深数米到十几米)时,浅地层剖面可能是识别硬质薄层的唯一且最有效的方法。 相似文献
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Thomas F. Wever Hannelore M. Fiedler Gunther Fechner Friedrich Abegg Ingo H. Stender 《Geo-Marine Letters》1997,17(4):246-252
Between 2 and 6 February, 1995, a 25 km2 area at the Dry Tortugas (Florida Keys) was surveyed with a 100 kHz side-scan sonar system and 3.5-kHz subbottom profiler.
The side-scan system revealed a pattern of alternating high and low backscatter. The subbottom profiler showed areas with
no acoustic penetration between sediment troughs. The combination of both methods allowed delineation of the boundaries in
high-backscatter regions, and sediment samples allowed correlations between high backscatter and coarser-grained sediments. 相似文献
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V. I. Kaevitser N. A. Rimskii-Korsakov I. V. Smolyaninov V. M. Razmanov A. P. Krivtsov 《Oceanology》2016,56(5):714-720
This paper presents the results of three-dimensional acoustic seabed mapping in the region of the Taman Peninsula in the Black Sea using an interferometric side-scan sonar and an acoustic profiler. Mapping has revealed underwater objects identified as manifestations of underwater mud volcanism. Detailed analysis of sonar images of the relief and seabed profiles in the region of the objects has confirmed the original hypothesis. 相似文献
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A linear FM sonar system was developed to support the objective of remote acoustic classification of seafloor sediments. It is a calibrated, wideband, digital, frequency modulated sonar that provides quantitative, high-resolution, low-noise sub-bottom data. Since the linear sonar system can precisely transmit a specified waveform, the calibrated digitally recorded reflection data can be processed to estimate the acoustic impulse response of the seabed and sediment attenuation. An acoustic pulse with special frequency domain weighting characteristics is designed to provide low temporal sidelobe levels and a nearly constant resolution with depth even after passing through a sediment with high losses such as sand. After correlation processing, the wideband acoustic pulse yields an effective beam pattern with high spatial resolution and insignificant sidelobe levels. Data sets generated with the FM profiler indicate that the required temporal and spatial characteristics of the sonar are realized in practice 相似文献