第八届全国第四纪学术大会胜利召开

为交流第七届全国第四纪学术大会以来的研究成果 ,并为参加 2 0 0 3年在美国内华达州里诺市召开的ＸＶＩ届国际第四纪研究联合会 (ＩＮＱＵＡ)大会做准备 ,第八届全国第四纪学术大会于 8月 2 0～ 2 4日在四川省都江堰市金叶宾馆召开。来自全国各部门和单位的代表 1 80余人出席了大会 ,其中有中国科学院院士 1 0人 ,中青年研究员、教授 1 2 0多人 ,几十位硕士和博士研究生也参加了大会 ,第八届全国第四纪学术大会是一次老中青结合、高层次的学术交流活动 ,也是世纪之初我国第四纪研究成果和队伍的一次大检阅。会议期间 ,来自各个不同新闻单位…     

第八届全国第四纪学术大会将于2002年召开

为交流第七届全国第四纪大会以来的成果 ,并为参加 2 0 0 3年在美国内华达州里诺市召开的ＸＶＩ届ＩＮＱＵＡ大会做准备 ,中国第四纪研究委员会常委会会议决定于 2 0 0 2年 8月底在成都召开第八届全国第四纪学术大会。大会除邀请国内专家做大会特邀报告 ,并组织议题明确、兴趣广泛的专题讨论会外 ,还将同时召开中国第四纪研究委员会全会和各专业委员会的会议。大会主题为 :西部大开发的资源环境问题与第四纪研究。为便于组织 ,大会规模将控制在 2 0 0人左右。愿与会者请与组委会联系。第八届全国第四纪学术大会将于2002年召开$中国第四纪研…     

后记

XVI届INQUA大会今年 7月将在美国内华达州里诺市召开 ,为此 ,中国第四纪研究委员会于 2 0 0 2年 8月在四川省都江堰市召开了第八届全国第四纪学术大会。本期《第四纪研究》主要刊载了大会期间交流的成果。科学研究最终还是要为国民经济的发展服务。第八届全国第四纪学术大会特地邀请了西部大开发中南水北调、西气东输、青藏铁路等重点工程项目的专家向与会代表介绍了这些工程与第四纪研究有关的科学问题。还特邀中国科学院成都出地灾害与环境研究所的专家就西部开发中所面临的环境灾害问题做了介绍。本期刊登了蔡耀军、史兴全、程国栋和…     

第十一届国际第四纪大会明年在莫斯科举行

中国第四纪研究委员会,最近开会专门讨论有关参加一九八二年八月将在莫斯科举行的第十一届国际第四纪大会的筹备事宜。这届会议正逢国际第四纪联合会建立五十周年。会议讨论的主要议题包括六个方面:(1)第四纪地层;(2)第四纪沉积的岩性与成因;(3)第四纪的动植物化石;(4)第四纪古地理;(5)史前人类与史前文化;(6)第四纪沉积的自然     

第四纪青年科学家奖

杨小平 (中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 )、鹿化煜 (中国科学院地球环境研究所 )、孙继敏 (中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 )等三人荣获第三届“第四纪研究青年科学家奖。”第三届“第四纪研究青年科学家奖”的评选从 2 0 0 1年 3月发出通知以后 ,便得到有关单位和各专业委员会的热烈响应 ,申请截止到 5月底 ,共收到有效申请 7份 ,申请人分别来自高等院校和科研机构。经 5名评委初评后 ,分送评审委员会 1 9名成员投票 ,有三名参评候选人的票超过半数。最后常委会审核了整个评审过程合法有效。第四纪青年科学家奖$中国第四纪研究委员会秘…     

1998年(2648种扩刊版)地学类科技期刊前50名

(按影响因子为序 ,摘引自中国科技信息研究所信息分析中心 1 999年 1 2月引证报告 )期刊名总被引频次影响因子期刊名总被引频次影响因子地学前缘 2 4 4 1 .0 0 8海洋地质与第四纪地质 2 2 0 0 .346岩矿测试 373 0 .959地震 2 0 4 0 .345地质学报 50 90 .948高校地质学报 580 .340地球化学 41 7 0 .935地质地球化学 92 0 .339第四纪研究 30 6 0 .82 9古生物学报 3480 .333地质科学 3790 .80 8中国地震 1 92 0 .32 3地理学报 51 0 0 .80 2山地研究 880 .31 8冰川冻土 344 0 .679地壳形变与地震 1 32 0 .31 3测绘学报 1 61 0 .679地震地磁观测…     

全苏第四纪研究联合会议

今年五月间在莫斯科召开了第四纪研究会议,是由苏联科学院地质地理学部、第四纪研究委员会、苏联科学院地质研究所、地理研究所及苏联地质矿产保护部联合召开的。会议自五月十六日到廿四日共进行了九天。大会讨论的主要内容为:(1)第四纪与第三纪的分界问题及第四纪本身的分界问题;(2)区域第四纪地质的研究。大会共分以下几个小     

中国第四纪研究委员会年代学专业委员会2000～2001年会暨学术讨论会在广州召开

中国第四纪研究委员会年代学专业委员会 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 1年会暨学术讨论会于 2 0 0 0年1 2月 2 8～ 3 0日在广州召开。会议的主要议题是 :通过对各种年代学方法的国内外动态的介绍和学术交流 ,促进我国第四纪年代学研究的进一步发展。中国第四纪研究委员会名誉主任刘东生院士应邀参加了会议 ,并作了题为“第四纪年代学若干问题”的重要报告。刘先生在充分肯定了国内年代学工作后指出 ,近年在国际地球科学研究中 ,已逐渐淡化了按地质时期 ,如全新世、更新世等进行的分类 ,而比较精确的年代测量显得越来越重要。国内在这方面还有一定差距 ,…     

国际矿床地质学会和经济地质学家学会联合学术会议在波兰举行

国际矿床地质学会 (ＳＧＡ)和经济地质学家学会 (ＳＥＧ)联合学术会议于 2 0 0 1年 8月 2 6— 2 9日在波兰的克拉科夫市举行。该会承办单位为克拉科夫矿冶大学 (ＵＭＭ ,波文称ＡＧＨ)。与会者来自美国、英国、爱尔兰、加拿大、澳大利亚、俄罗斯、德国、中国、法国、西班牙、捷克、乌克兰、阿根廷、南非、埃及等 5 0余个国家和地区 ,约 35 0人参加。中国赴会者有毛景文、宋学信、盛继福和彭渤等 4人 ,他们均做了学术演讲。会议的科学议程包括 :①大会报告 4个 ,即 ,2 1世纪的矿业 :艰难爬坡与适者生存 (Ａ .Ｈ .Ｍｅｌｄｒｕｍ) ;金属矿床 :…     

第七届国际孢粉学大会(7IRC)简介

第七届国际孢粉学大会于1988年8月28日互9月3日在澳大利亚布里斯班(Brisbane)的昆士兰(Queensland)大学召开。与会代表300余人,他们来自世界各地30多个国家和地区。中国孢粉学会有9名代表参加。本届大会学术交流的内容十分丰富,共安排了二个单元的大会报告,32场专题报告和17个专题的张贴展览(posters)。这些内容充分反映了上届大会后四年来孢粉学的进展。此外,大会在会前还举办了第四纪孢粉研究新方法短训班(workshop),     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

Mountains,nations, parks,and conservation

Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km² and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

NEW SET OF LOW CONCENTRATION STANDARDS FOR LA, CE, SM, YB, LU, Y, SC, V, NB AND TA IN SILICATES

We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses.