我国金矿区域划分

据《中国地质报》报道,我国金矿分布很广泛,按板块构造与金矿的关系,可划分出塔里木—中朝板块金矿成矿域、准噶尔金矿成矿域、华南金矿成矿域和冈底斯—拉萨金矿成矿域。按金矿化与大地构造格局的空间分布关系,可分为华北型金矿化域、扬子型金矿化域、华南型金矿化域、滨太平洋型金矿化域和天     

江西金矿勘查的新进展

作者从最近召开的江西省贵金属矿床学术会议上了解到,近年来江西金矿勘查有较大的突破.其标志是,突破了原来以伴生金矿为主要金矿类型的局面,发现了一批独立金矿,其中个别矿床已达大型规模;伴生-共生金矿也有较大突破.现在江西已成为金矿类型齐全,找矿前景颇具希望的我国又一个黄金重要产地. 作为我国主要金矿类型的破碎带蚀变岩型金矿(即大型剪切带型金矿),在江西省也有广泛分布,已成为该省重要的金矿类型.该类金矿首先在赣东北的金山金矿区突破.勘探资料表明,金山金矿赋矿岩石为元古界双桥山群浅变质岩系,金矿化     

贵州金矿床类型与分布规律

本文将贵州省金矿划分为：石英脉型金矿、微细粒浸染型金矿、红土风化壳型金矿和沉积砂金矿四类，详细阐述了各类金矿的地质特征，综合分析了各类金矿的时间，空间分布规律以及大地构造位置，相环境，围岩蚀变，伴生矿床，成矿作用与金矿的分布规律。     

斑岩型金矿分类探讨

斑岩型金矿是重要的金矿类型,为我国金矿第三重要类型,但对其在认识远不如其它金矿 。通过研究,提出斑岩型金矿可分为三类：伴生／共生一斑岩型金矿、角砾／网脉－斑岩型金矿和单脉／网脉－斑岩型金矿。     

吉南辽北太古代绿岩金矿层控特征的探讨

一、世界绿岩金矿概况太古代绿岩金矿是金最早的成矿期,也是金主要的成因类型之一。世界上许多重要的大型金矿,如加拿大的波丘潘金矿、澳大利亚的卡尔古里金矿、美国的霍姆斯塔克金矿、印度的科拉尔金矿等都产在太古代绿岩带内。太古代绿岩金矿不但规模大,而且分布非常广泛,所以有人把太古代绿岩带称为金矿带。     

峪耳崖和牛心山单脉／网脉斑岩型金矿特征

斑岩型金矿是我国第三重要金矿类型,可分为３类－伴生／共生斑岩型金矿、角砾／网脉斑岩型金矿和单脉／网脉斑岩型金矿。国外见有网脉斑岩型金矿,但未见单脉／网脉斑岩型金矿的报道。     

新疆博格达-哈尔里克-带金矿类型及找矿方向研究

结合新疆博格达-哈尔里克一带金矿的成矿特点,将区内已发现的金矿划分为4个主要类型：韧性剪切带型金矿、火山热液型金矿、岩浆热液型金矿以及沉积型金矿。通过分析大地构造环境、地层建造、断裂构造、侵入岩及化探异常等因素对该地区金矿的控矿作用,总结区域金矿的成矿条件以及在时间和空间上的成矿规律和演化过程,指明各类型金矿的控矿因素以及找矿标志,为研究区今后的金矿勘查工作指明方向。     

赣东北金矿成矿地质特征与找矿方向

赣东北地区金矿资源丰富,成矿地质背景优越,金矿床类型多样,有6类16型,其中主要工业类型为次火山斑岩型伴生金矿、韧性剪切带糜棱岩型金矿、剪切石英脉带蚀变岩型金矿和冲积型砂金矿。这四种工业类型中韧性剪切带糜棱岩型金矿和剪切石英脉带蚀变岩型金矿均有较好的勘查前景,尤以后者找矿潜力巨大。在叙述赣东北地区金矿成矿地质背景、金矿类型划分、金矿主要工业类型和典型金矿床实例的基础上,阐述了金矿成矿规律,提出了今后勘查的主攻矿床类型,找矿远景区,预测并指明了主要金矿类型的未来找矿潜力。为赣东北地区金矿的进一步勘查与开发,提供一些有益的参考和启示。     

中国金矿类型基本特征及分布规律

中国发现和利用黄金的历史十分悠久，目前黄金产量已居世界第四位，进入世界产金大国的行列。根据控制金矿赋存的地层及大地构造条件等。中国金矿可以分成四个序列：前寒武纪变质岩系中的金矿（可进一步分为太古代花岗岩-绿岩系中的金矿和元古代变质岩系中的金矿），晚震旦世-三叠纪含金浊流岩系中的金矿，晚古生代-新生代与板块俯冲和拼接作用有关的金矿（可进一步分为古亚洲成矿域金矿，滨太阳 平洋成矿域金矿和特提斯成矿域金矿）和新生代外生金矿。     

湖南溆浦蛤蟆塘金矿特征及成因

蛤蟆塘金矿为一少硫化物石英脉型金矿。本文着重阐述该金矿的地质特征、矿化特征、地球化学特征、矿物包裹体、稳定同位素研究,探讨金矿的成因,认为该金矿是中低温变质改造热液充填型金矿。     

Pro-poor water technologies working both ways: Lessons from a two-way, south-north interchange

Pro-poor water engineering aims to deliver water services to individuals and communities in a manner that yields obvious and significant net-benefits to the poorest people. Technology transfer in the field of pro-poor water engineering has too often been seen as one-way (north to south), with industrialised nations exporting their supposedly superior technologies and organisational priorities to the ‘grateful poor’ in the under-developed world. While north-to-south technology transfer can boast significant successes, failures are more numerous, arguably due to the contrast between technocratic (northern) and communitarian (southern) traditions of water management. There is much the northern countries might learn from the southern perspective. One concrete example illustrates how direct experience of community-based, NGO-fostered development of borehole water supplies in Bolivia led to the conscious adaptation of this model for application to problems of remediation of severe contamination of streams in a former mining district in the UK. This application was highly successful, leading to the development of robust community organisations that have gone on to tackle other social and environmental problems. This experience has in turn prompted the testing of the low-cost, technological approaches to acid drainage treatment developed in the UK case for potential application to similar problems in Bolivia. Following further ‘acclimatisation’ of the technology, field trials proved successful and led to plans for full-scale application of the approach with community-based NGOs in Bolivia. Lessons are drawn for furthering the implementation of pro-poor, participative strategies in water management in both the North and the South, with brief critical analyses of Participación Popular in Bolivia, and of both policy and polity in relation to community engagement in aspects of water management in Europe.     

A Modeling Approach for the Study of Contamination in a Fractured Aquifer

The study of contaminants propagation in fractured and karstic aquifers shows uncertainties caused by the conditions of anisotropy of the medium and by the presence of cavities and residual products that could make fluid flow and solute transport unforeseeable. Therefore, in aquifers characterized by fissured and fractured solid matrix, in order to set up remediation strategies, it is necessary to represent the conditions of groundwater flow and contaminant propagation in such a way as to take into consideration the high heterogeneity connected to the presence of fractures and channels that act as preferential flow ways. The study carried out in a specified site, located in the city of Bari, heavily contaminated by petroliferous substances allows to build a model able to simulate subterranean draining conditions that prove to be as near as possible to the real ones. This simulation could be helpful for the prevision of the dynamic behavior of the aquifer during the period of the treatment in order to allow optimizations on the technical and economical point of view and in order to check the effective functionality of the system in the presence of anthropic constraints.     

Nitrate in groundwater and N circulation in eastern Botswana

Nitrate pollution due to deep leaching from pit latrines has caused water supply wells in eastern Botswana to exceed health limits concerning nitrate. It was deduced from the estimated intake of salt and protein by the population that, as an average, about 10 percent of the human nitrogen excretion is leached to the groundwater. This fraction was also found in southern India, where on-the-ground excretion is customary. The nitrogen circulation in general in the savanna ecosystem is not appreciably affected in spite of a large livestock density. Overall nitrate leaching is in the order of 1.5 kg N/ha/y, similar to that in another semiarid area in southern India. However, in India, there seems to be a more diffuse areal leaching from agriculture as well as from villages.Measures to minimize the nitrate leaching could be to plant deep-rooted trees adjacent to pit latrines or to use latrines that separate the urine from the faces for a more near-surface infiltration facilitating plant uptake. Measures to minimize leaching will also lessen the rick for bacterial pollution of the groundwater.     

水文网络模型在分布式流域水文模拟中的应用

水文网络模型是地理信息系统对流域实际河网水系的一种规范化描述,它采用拓扑关系来确定流域水流的空间聚合与分散。准确地描述水文网络对成功模拟流域水流的空间分布起着至关重要的作用。水文网络数据模型的关键在于如何表达水文网络的构成要素,以及如何建立要素间的拓扑关系。本文重点阐述了水文网络模型在分布式流域水文模拟中的应用。实例研究证明,采用水文网络模型来表达流域河网水系结构有助于准确地模拟流域上水流的空间与时间分布。     

“四深”微生物的地质作用：从气候环境变化到生态灾难

“四深”微生物是指深海、深地、深空和深时环境的微生物,特别是细菌、古菌、真菌、病毒等。人们对“四深”微生物的了解非常有限,是亟待突破的地球生物学前沿领域。“四深”微生物的研究对理解地球生命起源、界定生物圈的边界条件、促进地球科学与生命科学以及行星科学之间的交叉融合具有不可替代性的贡献。随着我国深海、深空、深地等重大工程计划的推进,一系列与“四深”微生物有关的前沿科学问题不断提出,包括地质微生物与气候环境的相互作用、地质微生物的生物安全与生态安全、地质微生物参与的隐匿地质过程等。特别是,“四深”环境活性氧自由基对微生物的影响、地质病毒对生物演化和地质过程的影响等前沿领域都亟待突破。活性氧自由基能对生物分子、细胞、组织和器官,乃至整个生物圈的演化以及微生物地质作用都产生重要影响。病毒引发了现代和近代诸多全球性疫情爆发,地质病毒则可能对生物的背景灭绝和大灭绝以及一些地质过程产生影响。     

西安市地裂缝对长安路立交桥致灾机理调查研究

西安地裂缝作为一种特殊的城市地质灾害,已经对基础设施造成很大的危害。长安路立交的破坏最为严重和典型,文章结合西安地裂缝的分布及活动特点,详细分析了地裂缝活动引起的长安路立交的破坏形式和特点。并对引起长安路立交破坏的原因做了进一步分析,得出了由于长安立交没有很好的排水措施导致地裂缝的异常活动从而引起桥梁破坏的结论。同时,文章还结合长安路立交的结构措施给出了在地裂缝带修建立交的结构措施建议。并最终得出了在地裂缝带修建城市立交等基础设施,应从采取措施减少地裂缝活动和采取合理的结构措施以适应地裂缝活动两方面进行综合考虑的结论。     

八卦庙金矿床石英脉与金矿化关系再研究

八卦庙特大型金矿床是近年发现的产于秦岭地区泥盆系浅变质细碎屑岩中规模最大的微细浸染型金矿,金矿化与石英脉关系非常密切,经过大量分析数据统计表明,金矿石品位与其石英脉带的发育规模、脉体内外硫化物的含量成正比,与脉体的规整程度成反比;与脉体的厚度具有一定的关系。一般说,产于节理中的石英细脉的含金量比顺层产出的石英大脉的含金量高;石英脉的含金量高于脉旁围岩的含金量数倍甚至几十倍,含金石英脉与脉旁蚀变岩石共同构成工业矿体。石英脉带是宏观上直观的找矿评价标志。     

21世纪中国煤地质与勘探展望

中国煤炭资源量49000余亿t,实际探明储量6000余亿t,其中可供建并使用的精查储量390亿t。由于油气资源有限,加上近年煤炭在降低成本。减少污染方面取得进展,21世纪初可望成为廉价、洁净和可靠的能源,在能源构成中重居领先地位。煤炭在中国化石能源资源中约占95％,在能源构成中将长期占据主导地位。煤田地质工作直加速东部勘探,突出西部找水,提高勘探程度和煤矿地质研究精度,为煤炭开发、洁净煤技术提供可靠信息。     

北京怀柔云蒙山地区花岗岩风化过程的地球化学基因

地球化学基因是近两年提出的一种新的地球化学示踪技术,本文选择北京怀柔云蒙山地区两个邻近的花岗岩风化剖面(编号为B和C)来分析岩性地球化学基因和金矿化地球化学基因的属性特征.剖面B样品的化学蚀变指数CIA变化为51.3～58.9,WIG的范围为89.4～68.6,属于初始风化程度;剖面C样品的CIA变化为52.4～78....     

江西银山矿伊利石化过程中围岩化学成分变化及其成矿意义

江西银山热液多金属矿床矿体围岩发生了强烈的伊利石化,研究这些伊利石化是认识本矿床成矿作用的关键之一。通过伊利石的化学成分和矿体围岩蚀变前后的化学成分比较等方面的研究,本文得出以下认识:银山矿矿体围岩千枚岩、英安质流纹岩和中酸性次火山岩都发生了强烈的伊利石化,矿石与蚀变千枚岩中伊利石的化学成分最为相近。银山矿矿体蚀变围岩的化学成分以K2O的含量较高、Na2O和CaO的含量都很低(平均值都在0.11%左右)为特征,矿体围岩在伊利石化过程中Ca和Na被大量带出。综合各方面的证据推测,引起强烈伊利石化的热液是以H2O+CO2为主要组份的氧化性火山-次火山热液。