永安井数字化水位观测资料干扰

永安冷冻厂深井是东南沿海最深的地震地下水动态观测井,井深1 000.44 m,本文介绍了永安井的地质构造及正常动态变化规律,通过对永安井数字化水位观测资料的分析,总结日常观测过程中可能遇到的多种干扰因素,从自然因素、外界环境因素、人为干扰因素、仪器自身因素等典型表现,提高对非地震前兆干扰因素的识别,以便更好地排除干扰,提高仪器观测资料质量。     

相关分析法在地下水动态中的应用

目前利用地下水动态变化来预报地震还处在研究和探索阶段。我省以中、深井为主的地下水动态观测工作刚开始不久,从现有资料分析,地下水动态的变化可能受气象、地表水、地质构造、人为活动等多种因素的影响。为了进一步搞清地下水动态变化在观测点附近无地震活动时与哪些干扰因素关系密切,从而可以较容易分     

龙田井水位的数据处理与地震预报方法探讨

本文对于龙田井几年来的观测资料进行系统的分析处理后，明确了影响水位动态的主要因素，建立了排除干扰的方法，即采用水位１２个整点滑动均值来排除海潮和固体潮的干扰以及利用雨量叠加作用排除雨量的干扰。在此基础上，研究了水位的异常变化对应不同地区发生地震的相应关系。     

永安冷冻厂深井地下水动态观测资料质量分析

永安冷冻厂深井是东南沿海最深的地震地下水动态观测井,井深1 000.44 m,地下水位受邻孔抽水严重影响.1982年1月开始观测,1988年11月起塑料厂开始抽水,严重影响观测;2001年8月由于工厂停产停止抽水,观测井地下水动态逐渐趋于稳定.本文分析该井地下水动态年变化规律,计算水位固体潮潮汐因子、观测精度与井孔对地应力响应灵敏度.并对抽水干扰及其前后,地下水动态观测质量的变化进行对比.     

北京塔院井水位微动态资料的分析和应用

对塔院井地下水水位微动态资料和气压观测资料,采用三种方法计算了气压效率,作了谱分析和调和分析,并利用所得结果求出了该井所在含水层的水文地质参数     

金州台水准观测的地下水影响改正研究

对于受地下水影响显著的金州台WN向水准观测资料, 在使用时需要进行干扰排除。 具体做法是, 根据地下水对普通基岩标志作用机理和套管标志的埋设情况, 先对地下水位的数据进行变换、 对有关参数进行确定, 然后推导出地下水对西点标志影响量的计算公式并求解, 最后在WN向水准观测高差中将其排除。 算例和分析表明, 该方法较好地解释了地下水对金州台水准观测不同阶段的不同影响原因, 并且是定量排除地下水干扰的一种比较好的方法。 它能较好地提取水准观测高差中的异常信息, 提高了水准观测资料在地震预测预报中的使用价值。     

浦沅水氡资料处理及与小震活动的关系

观测地下水氡浓度的变化,是预报地震的一种方法,特别是对一定区域内的地震活动,有较好的对应关系。而对水氡观测资料进行一定的数学处理,尽可能排除非地震因素的干扰,从变化的观测资料中提取真正的地震信息,是取得较好预报效果的关键。 根据浦沅井孔特定的水文地质条件,我们对浦沅水氡资料进行了分段处理。所得结果对附近小震活动,异常显示较明显。     

银川台形变数字化观测资料干扰异常处理方法探讨

通过对银川台形变数字化观测资料中出现的干扰异常的分析和处理,总结出银川台形变资料干扰异常的特征和处理方法,为银川台形变数字化观测资料干扰异常处理积累经验,同时为其它台站的形变观测资料干扰的处理提供方法参考。     

地震地下水动态观测中气压订正的简便方法

地震地下水动态观测中气压订正是一项重要工作,由于气压对水位动态的影响较为明显、气压订正的正确与否、不仅直接影响气压、水位观测精度,而且也严重影响干扰的排除、异常信息提取的结果。自1987年7月1日以来,在执行新的“地下水动态观测规范”中,发现气压订正中的个别规定尚不完善,方法也过于繁琐,为此本文探讨了气压订正的简便方法。本方法是在PC-1500微机上实现的。     

关于提高水动态观测网地震预报效能的讨论

为提高水动态观测网地震预报的效能，对地下水动态观测井网密度，灵敏井，综合观测，干扰排除，信息传递，并网管理问题进行了讨论，笔者认为上述问题如能在今后井网调整，优化中得到合理，科学地解决，井网的短临预报效能将会有显著的提高。     

地下流体动态异常分布与构造的关系

研究了华北北部水动态异常及辽河、大港、胜利和华北油田井动态异常与构造的关系,认为地震前水动态和油井动态异常形态不仅与观测点所处的区域构造有关,而且与局部构造有着更为密切的关系,隆起区为正异常,凹陷区为负异常。     

油井产液量与井底压力关系的研究

利用流体动力学理论,研究了油井产量与井口压力、井底压力之间的产量关系,给出了井口压力和油井产液量之间的等效互换关系,进一步研究了油井动态观测资料的科学处理方法,以胜利油田东水－３井为例,对其观测资料进行了处理,并讨论了泄流管管径对流量及等效水位的影响。     

新疆某些地震前地下水动态异常特征的分析

本文在清理乌鲁木齐小区域井网地下水位资料和新疆某些油井动态资料的基础上,通过对震例的分析,探讨了本区地震前地下水动态异常的基本特征。认为,地震前地下水动态短临异常是明显的;异常仅仅出现在震源附近的有限区域;异常形态大致可以分为两种类型,即下降型和喷涌型。最后,对在地震孕育过程中与地下水异常有关的几个问题进行了初步的讨论。     

利用水位资料反演华北地区构造应力场变化

本文选取华北地区观测条件较好的63口水位观测井资料, 运用小波分析法去除各井水位资料中的短期高频信息, 提取出能反映水位多年动态变化的趋势信息, 并利用各井水位趋势变化数据反演出华北地区多年构造应力场变化图像, 结合其它水文资料, 探讨了华北地区近年来的构造应力场变化特征。     

The impact of well drawdowns on the mixing process of river water and groundwater and water quality in a riverside well field,Northeast China

Riverbank filtration (RBF) has been widely used throughout the world as an effective means to regulate surface water and groundwater resources and pretreat raw water for municipal water supply. The quality of the water from a riverside well field and the mixing ratios of surface water and groundwater is primarily impacted by the hydrodynamic processes in the RBF system. The RBF system is largely controlled by the water exploiting system in addition to the natural hydrologic condition of the river–aquifer system. As one of the most important design parameters of the riverside well field, the drawdown of groundwater level greatly determines the water head differences between the river water and groundwater as well as the field flow net, which subsequently impacts the mixing of river water and groundwater and water quality significantly. This study aimed to improve the understanding of the mixing process between the surface water and groundwater and estimate the impact of the RBF on the mixing ratio of surface water–groundwater and water quality quantitatively. A set of field pumping tests with various groundwater level drawdowns were carried out independently and successively at a riverside field with a single pumping well near the Songhua River in Northeast China in August 2017. During these tests, the water levels and hydrochemical parameters of the Songhua River, the adjacent aquifer, and the pumping well were monitored. The dynamic mixing process of the river water and groundwater and water quality under various drawdown conditions were analysed systematically using analytical methods. The results obtained from Dupuit method and the Mirror Image method in conjunction with the Hydrochemical Tracing method showed that the pumping water directly from the river water reached 60% ± 10% after a steady flow net was established. The larger the proportion of the pumping water captured from the river, the better quality of the pumping water was, because the quality of the river water (only limited to some water quality parameters monitored which were minority) was better than that of the groundwater. The results also showed that total Fe, TDS, total hardness, COD_Mn, and K⁺ were relatively sensitive to the changes of groundwater drawdown, and their concentrations decreased with an increase in the groundwater drawdown. It can be concluded that both the mixing ratio of the surface water and the groundwater and the water quality of the riverside well field can be regulated through adjusting the designed drawdown of the groundwater level, which is helpful for the design and the optimization of the riverside well water intake engineering.     

唐山7.8级地震前后地下流体动态异常演化特征

以30口水动态及油井动态观测井1973年至1978年的观测资料为基础，对唐山7．8级地震前后水动态和油井动态异常的演化过程进行了分析研究，认为该次地震前后水动态演化过程可分为4个阶段。异常首先在震中区附近出现，然后异常区向外围区扩展，并呈现多点集中的特点。在中短期阶段异常明显向震中区收缩、迁移。在临震阶段在震中区附近形成高异常集中区。     

泉州局一号井水位异常的调查与研究

对观测技术系统、降雨、区域应力场等干扰因素进行了排除,并调查观测井的周边环境及分析基础资料。结果表明,2011年底以来泉州局一号井水位突降为非前兆异常,造成的原因主要是周边基建干扰引起的。由于花岗岩地区特殊的岩石特征,即发育较多裂隙、微裂隙和解理,周边基建会破坏水井的承压性及封闭性,进而破坏地下水的动态平衡,建议在花岗岩地区选择水井时最好选择观测含水层与上一层非观测含水层间距较大的水井。     

Innovative Techniques for Measuring the Oil Content of Oil-Contaminated Porous Media

The oil content of oil-contaminated porous media is an important parameter for the assessment and remediation of oil pollution in soil and groundwater. However, an accurate measurement method is not available. In this study, we propose a new equation to calculate the oil content of water-bearing media based on traditional extraction–ultraviolet spectroscopy. Further, an improved experimental method was developed. The results indicate that the pure solid weight and oil content of oil-contaminated media can be accurately determined by introducing the oil drying loss coefficient (γ). The average relative errors of the improved method range from −0.14% to −0.96%. They are much smaller than errors of −4.49% to −10.97% of the original methods, indicating that the accuracy of measured oil content is enhanced. In addition, the accuracy of the new method does not depend on oil volatility and oil content.     

New Understanding of Variation Characteristics of Well Water Level in Majiagou Mine, Tangshan City, Hebei, China

Based on the well water level data in Majiagou Mine in Tangshan City since 2000, it is suggested that the water level rise from 2008-2014 is possibly associated with reduced infiltration caused by less precipitation, together with the effect of less groundwater exploitation. However, the water level rise from 1992-1998 cannot be interpreted properly if we extend the data source back to 1991. After comparing the data with long-term water level data of five wells with different hydro-geological units in Tangshan and Qinhuangdao, the study indicates that the long-term water level variation cannot be only attributed to the effect of less precipitation and the control of groundwater exploitation, but also with the influence of regional stress field change. With the support of regional geological and tectonic information, combined with the comprehensive analysis of CBM data obtained from the coal field, new understandings of the dynamic characteristics of annual variation are obtained.     

高七井水温动态变化特征与映震效能分析

详细研究了高七井水温多年观测资料,初步总结水温的正常动态、异常动态、干扰动态。通过震例分析,得出水温数值变化曲线的斜率值是异常提取的一个参考指标,并进一步研究和总结此指标与地震对应关系。