中国南方震旦纪地层问题

关于南方震旦系的下界,主要有两种意见:(1)以澄江组或莲沱群的底板为下界;(2)往下移到包括昆阳群、板溪群及其相当岩系。主张后一意见主要根据葛利普“寒武系之下的不变质或只轻变质的沉积岩系属震旦系”的概念,及“滹沱页岩群”和“东峪灰岩”等实例,认为昆阳群和板溪群等变质并不很深,而在岩性上有其相似之点,故可以归入震旦系。经过多年来的研讨,大多数趋向于将昆阳群及其相当岩系归属于前震旦系。但问题并不就此解决。     

龙首山古裂谷带及河西走廊的大地构造

本文基于沉积建造及岩浆岩的研究,确定龙首山是阿拉善地块南缘的古裂谷带。裂谷型建造以中-晚元古带的墩子沟群和韩母山群为代表;岩浆岩组合则是富含Bi—Cu矿产的超镁铁岩及镁铁岩。河西走廊可分为东西两段;东段是阿拉善南缘的造山带,由永昌—武威冒地斜和冷龙岭—古浪优地斜2个单元构成;西段是祁连造山带北祁连优地斜的一部分。二者分别属于2个古板块,其间的缝合线位于高台至民乐一带。笔者在该区(包括祁连山)共识别出7个构造—地层地体,其中1个具外来属性,其余均为增生地体。     

我国一岩体型铀矿床的矿化特征及成矿作用

一、区域地质及矿床地质该铀矿床位于华北地台西部的北西西向龙首山拱断带西段并产于侵入在早元古代龙首山群的伟晶状白岗岩岩体中。本区元古代地层包括龙首山群、墩子沟群和震旦系韩母山群。龙首山群是一套中深度变质的碎屑岩类以及碳酸盐夹基性火山岩夹层,如片岩、大理岩等,已知最大厚度为3600余米。作者通过对矿床围岩样品Rb-Sr等时线同位素分析结果得出,     

龙首山古裂谷带及河西走廊的大地构造

本文基于沉积建造及岩浆岩的研究，确定龙首山是阿拉善地块南缘的古裂谷带。裂谷型建造以中—晚元古带的墩子沟群和韩母山群为代表；岩浆岩组合则是富含Bi-Cu矿产的超镁铁岩及镁铁岩．河西走廊可分为东西两段；东段是阿拉善南缘的造山带，由永昌—武威冒地斜和冷龙岭—古浪优地斜2个单元构成；西段是祁连造山带北祁连优地斜的一部分。二者分别属于2个古板块，其间的缝合线位于高台至民乐一带．笔者在该区〔包括祁连山〕共识别出7个构造—地层地体，其中1个具外来属性，其余均为增生地体。     

江苏宁镇山脉仑山灰岩的新认识

“仑山灰岩”标准地点在江苏南部句容县的仑山。1933年,俞建章在研究“仑山灰岩”中的头足类动物群时,曾指出:“仑山灰岩”的时代应属于早、中奥陶世。1935年,李捷等在系统研究宁镇山脉地质时,对“仑山灰岩”重新进行划分,把上部含鞘角石(Vaginoceras)动物群的灰岩归入中奥陶统,称汤山灰岩。     

河北易县青白口群底部燧石角砾岩成因的探讨

引言 河北易县青白口群底部燧石角砾岩(下面简称“角砾岩”)系指震旦亚界蓟县群铁岭组之上、青白口群下马岭组下部之角砾岩。它在太行山北段、中段都有分布,厚度由二、三米至五、六十米不等,在易县南约十四公里的向阳、北考一带发育很好,厚达六十米,顶底接触关系清楚,是研究“角砾岩”成因的良好地段。     

阿拉善断块的太古代绿岩带

阿拉善断块上广泛分布着典型的太古代绿岩(原称阿拉善群、龙首山群、桑干群)。岩石一般属绿片岩相至角闪岩相,但变质程度极不均匀。在岩石中保留了大量的原始组构特征。其原岩相当于超镁铁质-镁铁质岩、钙碱性火山岩和沉积岩,组成巨厚的海相火山-沉积系列,构成了阿拉善断块的基底构造层。     

狼山西部区域化探方法及地质效果

狼山,位于内蒙西部巴彦淖尔盟境内,属阴山山脉.地质构造复杂,岩浆活动频繁,成矿条件好,是个有望的以铜铅锌为主的多金属成矿带. 一、区域地质特征狼山地处中朝准地台与蒙古兴安地槽褶皱带之间的过渡带而偏地台北部边缘(前人称为削弱带). 出露地层主要为元古界狼山群(Pt),其下伏地层为前震旦系阿拉善群,局部地段出露下古     

酒东盆地红山地区砂岩型铀成矿条件及成矿规律研究

<正>1地质背景酒东盆地大地构造地处北祁连加里东褶皱带与阿拉善地块之间走廊过渡带上,是中新生代断(坳)陷盆地。工作区位于酒东盆地东北斜坡构造单元之上(王崇孝等,2005;李奋其等,2006)。盆地北部基底由前震旦系龙首山群结晶变质岩系和海西期花岗岩类组成。构造相对稳定,以断裂构造为主,发育北西西向和北东向断裂。盆地盖层为三叠系、中下侏罗统、下白垩统及新近系。下白垩统新民堡群     

龙首山-北大山北部的属性——来自海森楚鲁片麻岩锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素的约束

阿拉善北大山西北部地区出露少量原属"龙首山岩群"的前寒武纪岩石,其形成时代和同位素特征对于了解该地区的基底性质和探讨阿拉善北部构造格架具有重要意义。本文对北大山西北部海森楚鲁地区出露的片麻岩开展了详细的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素研究,并对其构造意义进行了初步探讨。海森楚鲁片麻岩为一套具有片麻状构造的长英质正片麻岩。锆石核部的LA-ICP MS分析结果显示,207Pb/206Pb年龄相对集中,并在U-Pb谐和图上获得了1 408±29 Ma(MSWD=13)的上交点年龄,表明海森楚鲁片麻岩的原岩形成于～1. 4 Ga。海森楚鲁片麻岩的锆石Hf同位素分析结果显示,锆石εHf(t)值变化范围为-4. 38～+6. 68,二阶段模式年龄为2 091～1 624Ma,反映了片麻岩原岩岩浆可能来自相对年轻的地壳物质。结合前人研究成果,认为龙首山-北大山北部出露的前寒武纪岩石主要形成于中元古代及以后,而不是以往认识的中太古代-古元古代;龙首山-北大山北部可能不是阿拉善地块的组成部分。     

A Rb-Sr whole rock isochron date on an igneous rock-body from the Stavanger area,South Norway

The Ormakam-Moldhesten granite, from the Stavanger area, South Norway, has been dated by the Rb-Sr whole rock method. The isochron ages obtained (1180 m.y., 1243 ±160m.y. and 1534±125 m.y.) show that the granite complex is of Precambrian age. The 1543 m. year age is thought to refer to a period of early granulite facies metamorphism, the 1180 m.y. isochron age is taken as the crystallisation age of a later intrusion of biotite granite. This is within the limits of error of the 1160 m.y. metamorphic event shown earlier to have affected the paragneisses in the area. The results demonstrate clearly the allochthonous position of the gneisses and granitic intrusives overlying the fossiliferous Cambrian beds in the Stavanger area. The tectonostratigraphic succession in this area is thus consistent with the observation of Precambrian nappes to the north (Hardangervidda-Ryfylke area).     

云南罗次澄江组下部火山岩系的发现与震旦系底界年龄的讨论

米士(1942)根据滇中澄江组与昆阳群之间的不整合面命名为晋宁运动,刘鸿允(1963)又提出以晋宁运动导致的不整合面作为震旦系的底界,这些意见曾被地质界普遍采纳。     

Secondary geologically meaningless Rb---Sr isochrons, low Sr/Sr initial ratios and crustal residence times of high-grade gneisses

Dark green quartzo-feldspathic charnockitic ortho-gneisses from Arendal, southern Norway, have locally been decoloured in the vicinities of intrusive, undeformed granite sheets and pegmatite dikes. The result is a series of pink rocks which are macroscopically indistinguishable from primary augen granite gneisses. The main mineralogical changes associated with the secondary decolcuration occurred under relatively low-grade conditions, and mainly involved chlorite, serpentine ± actinolitic amphibole ± biotite growth. The alterations were initiated along narrow, irregularly spaced cracks. The primary ( 1540 m.y.) total rock Rb---Sr isotopic systems which relate to the charnockite mineralogy were disturbed, and sometimes reset, during the secondary event which occurred at 1060 m.y. Locality by locality, the decoloured samples yield linear arrays corresponding to 1457 ± 200 m.y., 1303 ± 50 m.y. and 1125 ± 185 m.y. The combined data (n = 19) give an apparent age of 1364 ± 43 m.y. with an ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr initial ratio of 0.7011 ± 0.0018. This apparent age is unrelated to any geological event and there is no overlap at the 2δ level between the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr initial ratio and that defined by the primary event (0.70345 ± 0.00014). Any estimate of crustal residence time based on these decoloured samples would be in error. The weight of evidence is against significant involvement of Rb mobility in the isotopic resetting process which accompanied decolouration. A model involving modification of the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios is preferred.     

喜马拉雅和冈底斯弧形山系中的岩浆岩带及其成因模式

国内外广泛地认为,处于喜马拉雅和冈底斯弧形山系之间的雅鲁藏布江-噶尔河谷地是一条印度板块和欧亚板块之间的缝合线带。由于印度板块自中生代以来的向北漂移,及其与欧亚板块的接近和相互之间的碰撞,先后造成了冈底斯和喜马拉雅弧形山系。     

A study of the formation and history of a piece of continental crust by 87Rb-87Sr method: The case of the French oriental Pyrénées

Rb-Sr whole rock data for gneisses and granites from the oriental Pyrénées yield cadomian ages for the basement gneisses and hercynian ages for the granites. Granites occur in two generations. An alkaline granite dated at 335±15 m.y. is syn.—or slightly post-tectonic, and a later calcalkaline granite dated at 275±12 m.y, is clearly intrusive and marks the end of hercynian tectono-metamorphism. Initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the granites put limits on the proportion of juvenile contribution from the mantle to their formation. Petrogenetic models are tested using Rb and Sr as tracers.     

Present status of the geochronology of the Precambrian rocks of Rajasthan

Age determinations, mostly by Rb---Sr analyses, of the Precambrian rocks of Rajasthan by us and by others are summarized and discussed. Broad periods of acid magmatism at (1) 3000−2900 m.y., (2) 2600−2500 m.y., (3) 2000−1900 m.y., (4) 1700−1500 m.y. and (5) 850−750 m.y. were identified. The oldest rocks in the area are the yet undated banded gneisses (BGC) east of Udaipur, intruded by the Untala granite dated at 2950 m.y. and hence of mid-Archean age. The basal status hitherto attributed to the Berach granite dated at 2600 m.y. is no longer tenable. The radiometric control on the beginning and duration of the overlying Aravalli Supergroup is not yet satisfactory, though a lower limit at 2000 m.y. is indicated. Heron's original Delhi rocks have recorded two magmatic events widely separate in space and time. While the earliest granitic activity at 1600 m.y. is recorded only in the Alwar basin in the northeast, the younger activity between 850-750 m.y. is widespread, as shown by the nearly concordant ages of “Erinpura-type” granites along the Aravalli mountain Range and the Malani rhyolites in the western plains of the Aravalli Range.     

LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Zircon Geochronology of Basic Dikes within Maxianshan Rock Group in the Central Qilian Orogenic Belt and Its Tectonic Implications

A large number of basic dikes, which indicate an important tectonic-magmatic event in the eastern part of the Central Qilian (祁连) orogenic belt, were found from Maxianshan (马衔山) rock group, Yongjing (永靖) county, Gansu (甘肃) Province, China. According to the research on the char- acteristics of geology and petrology, the basic dike swarms, widely intruded in Maxianshan rock group, are divided into two phases by the authors. U-Pb isotope of zircons from the basic dikes above two phases is separately determined by LA-ICP-MS in the Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics of Northwest University, China and the causes of formation of the zircons are studied using CL images. The formation age of the earlier phase of metagabbro dikes is (441.1±1.4) Ma (corresponding to the early stage of Early Silurian), and the age of the main metamorphic period is (414.3±1.2) Ma (corre- sponding to the early stage of Early Devonian). The formation age of the later phase of diabase dike swarms is (434±1.0) Ma (corresponding to the late stage of Early Silurian). The cap- tured-zircons from diabase dike swarms saved some information of material interfusion by Maxianshan rock group(207Pb/206Pb apparent ages are (2 325±3)–(2 573 ±6) Ma), and some zircons from diabase dike swarms also saved impacted information by tec- tonic thermal event during the late period of Caledonian movement (206Pb/238U apparent ages are (400±2)–(429±2) Ma). By combining the results of the related studies, the basic dikeswithin Maxianshan rock group were considered to be formed in the transfer period, from subductional orogeny towards collisional orogeny, which represents geological records of NW-SE extension during regional NE-SW towards intense compression in the Central Qilian block.     

The major petrological and geochemical characters of the 3,600 m.y. Uivak gneisses from Labrador

The 3,622±72 m.y. Uivak gneisses of northern Labrador consist of two major rock suites: regionally developed layered granodioritic gneisses (Uivak I suite) interpreted as derived from earlier tonalitic igneous parents by the massive introduction of potassium and rubidium, and a less extensive group of iron-rich porphyritic granodiorites and ferro-diorites (Uivak II suite) emplaced after at least one major period of deformation and migmatisation had affected the Uivak I gneisses. Samples from both suites fall on the 3,622 m.y. Rb/Sr whole-rock isochron.The age is provisionally interpreted as that of Rb metasomatism and homogenisation affecting both suites. It is suggested that the low initial ratio of 0.7014±0.0008 obtained from both suites need not be diagnostic of a short crustal residence if the evidence for massive addition of Rb to this level of the crust at 3,622 m.y. is accepted.     

Pre-Alpine history of the pennine zone in the Tauern Window,Austria: U-Pb and Rb-Sr geochronology

Zircon ages from major lithologies of the Zentralgneis suggest that much of the Variscan magmatism in the Tauern Window is older than previously suggested. In the southeast Tauern Window a tonalite has been dated at 314±7 m.y. and a granodioritic biotite augen gneiss at 313±10 m.y. Two granodiorites from the Granatspitzkern yielded zircon data consistent with a similar age. These zircon data require re-interpretation of some previously published Rb-Sr whole rock ages and raise the possibility that Alpine metamorphism caused more widespread disturbance of Rb-Sr whole rocks than commonly supposed. Rb-Sr data on fabric-forming white micas from two banded gneisses give ages close to 220 m.y., indicating the foliation in these rocks is pre-Alpine and has not been greatly affected by Alpine recrystallisation.     

Granite ages within the Archaean Pilbara Block,Western Australia

Within the Pilbara Block of Western Australia, a complex of migmatite, gneissic and foliated granite near Marble Bar is intruded by a stock of younger massive granite (the Moolyella Granite) with which swarms of tin‐bearing pegmatites are associated. The age of the older granite has been determined by the Rb‐Sr method as 3,125 ± 366 m.y., and that of the Moolyella Granite as 2,670 ± 95 m.y. Initial Sr⁸⁷/Sr⁸⁶ ratios suggest that the older granite is close to primary crustal material, but that the Moolyella Granite consists of reworked material. It probably formed by partial remelting of the older granite.