TBC 4.0软伴下的长基线数据处理精度分析

针对工程测量中高精度数据处理的需要,大宝公司研发的新版本TBC 4.0软件不仅兼容多导航定位系统,而巨显著改进了长基线解算精度.本文基于IGS观测数据,将TBC 4.0软件的基线解算精度与Bernese软件、GAMIT软件基线解算精度进行了对比,并与日版本TBC软件解算能力进行了比较.结果表明,在1000 km长基线的情况下,TBC 4.0软件获得了与Bernese、GAMIT软件相当的解算精度,三维位置精度为毫米级,巨不受星历类型的限制.另外,与日版本TBC相比,TBC 4.0软件的基线解算能力有了很大的提高.     

TBC 4.0软件下的长基线数据处理精度分析

针对工程测量中高精度数据处理的需要,天宝公司研发的新版本TBC 4.0软件不仅兼容多导航定位系统,而且显著改进了长基线解算精度。本文基于IGS观测数据,将TBC 4.0软件的基线解算精度与Bernese软件、GAMIT软件基线解算精度进行了对比,并与旧版本TBC软件解算能力进行了比较。结果表明,在1000 km长基线的情况下,TBC 4.0软件获得了与Bernese、GAMIT软件相当的解算精度,三维位置精度为毫米级,且不受星历类型的限制。另外,与旧版本TBC相比,TBC 4.0软件的基线解算能力有了很大的提高。     

一种计算2000国家大地坐标系下控制点坐标的方法

联合历史GPS测量数据和现势GPS测量数据,以及相应时间段的IGS跟踪站GPS观测数据,使用Gamit软件得到合格基线解,通过坐标映射方法,采用Gps_net软件平差后获得基于2000国家大地坐标系下的控制坐标成果。     

基线测量电子记录软件的开发与应用

基线测量是大地测量学科的重要组成,针对目前基线测量外业记录软件存在的诸多缺陷,论述了使用Borland C＋＋语言在PDA平台上开发基线测量电子记录软件的过程,对软件的结构设计及功能模块进行了说明,并对软件在项目中的使用情况进行了经验总结;同时根据当前外业记录工具在汉字输入等方面存在的不足,提出了未来PDA硬件的发展方向。     

GNSS网基线检核对平差结果的影响

基线向量是将全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）接收机采集的观测数据用随机软件、商用软件或者专用软件计算出来的接收机之间的三维坐标差,基线向量是相对定位的结果,他是控制网平差的观测量,基线向量的质量影响着控制网的平差结果,控制网在无约束平差以及约束平差前应对基线向量进行质量检验,检验的目的是为了剔除粗差以及基线解超限的基线,通过对某C级网的计算发现,不进行基线检核的约束平差结果反而比进行基线检核的约束平差结果得到更高的点位精度,通过对点位中误差计算过程的分析,可以得出随着多余观测量的增加,在不进行基线检核的情况下反而会得到虚高的点位中误差,GNSS控制网的点位中误差并不能完全真实反映控制网的精度,而单位权中误差的大小更能反映网的精度,因此GNSS控制网在无约束以及约束平差前进行基线检核很有必要。     

高速铁路GPS框架控制网平差方法

框架控制网(CP0)作为高速铁路平面控制测量的起算基准,采用适合长基线解算的高精度专用软件,利用精密星历,按照多基线模式进行解算。结合相关测量数据处理经验及通用GPS网平差软件研发,对框架控制网GPS基线网平差方法进行研究分析,在此基础上就网平差观测值提取及随机模型重构、框架基准转换及基线网平差等提出见解,提高了基线解算的可靠性和精度。     

高精度GPS测量成果质量检验软件研发

针对目前大量GPS成果质检工作中采用传统人工手段进行检测效率低的缺点,从GPS原始观测数据质量、基线解算精度评价、网平差成果检验三个方面开展了高精度GPS测量成果质检工作研究,并结合研究内容开发了高精度GPS测量成果质量检验软件一HGQCS1．0。该软件大大地提高了GPS测量成果质量检验的工作效率。     

GPS相位测量轨道改进基线定位

利用GPS载波相位观测值进行基线测定具有重要意义。本文讨论了基线测定中卫星星历误差对定位结果的影响,提出了基线上轨道改进的定位方法,编制了基线测定的定位软件,并使用高精度基线上的实际观测资料进行了计算。计算结果表明在基线上用轨道改进定位方法是可行的,可以提高定位精度。     

高精度甚长基线干涉测量理论时延软件的实现

针对甚长基线干涉测量天文观测、深空探测和空间阵列项目对高精度理论时延计算的需求,该文进行了高精度理论时延计算软件的具体实现。首先介绍了河外射电源和探测器理论时延计算模型;然后详细阐述了理论时延计算软件的系统架构及其具体实现;最后将该软件与DiFX软件和嫦娥工程甚长基线干涉测量软件的计算结果进行对比分析。比对结果显示:对于河外射电源,理论时延差最大为几百个皮秒;对于探测器,理论时延差小于2ns,这表明该软件能够用于地面验证试验。     

观测时间对基线解算质量和GPS网精度的影响分析

在不同的观测时段,卫星的几何分布情况及其运动轨迹并不一样,这直接导致各时段内所获得的基线解算质量和GPS定位精度也有区别。采用LGO软件进行基线向量解算和网平差,并通过复测基线长度较差、异步环闭合差、点位中误差、GPS基线向量残差4项指标来比较不同观测时间长度下的基线解算质量和定位精度。结果表明,观测时间在1h左右就可以获得较高的精度。在选择较好的观测时段后,在满足测量精度的前提下,适当缩短观测时间是可行的．这对于在工程测量中提高工作效率具有一定的指导意义。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。