大兴安岭南段东麓中生代O型埃达克质火山岩及其成因、古构造环境和找矿意义

蒙东西拉禾伦河北侧查干木伦河流域,属中生代大兴安岭火山-侵入杂岩带南段。最近区内晚侏罗世满克头鄂博组陆相火山杂岩火山盾中,发现有埃达克质火山岩,与少量钠质流纹岩和玄武岩共生。埃达克岩 Al_2O_3>15%,MgO<3.4%,K_2O 平均=1.77%,Na_2O/K_2O>1,LREE 富集,HREE 及 LIRE 强烈亏损,无负铕异常,高 Sr(497.91～896.40×10~(-6)),低 Y(4.33～15.77<18×10~(-6)),低 Yb(0.35～1.54<1.9×10~(-6)),I_(Sr)=0.70374～0.70594,ε_(Nd)(t)为-0.45～ 6.58,在 K-Na-Ca、Rb-Sr-Ba、Sr/Y-Y 和 Sr/Yb-Yb 等图中属埃达克岩,具奥长花岗岩演化趋势,是典型的 O 型埃达克岩。其与共生岩石ε_(Nd)(t)、I_(Sr)与晚古生代玄武岩的接近,部分岩石 t_(DM)(677～845Ma)与晚古生代俯冲洋壳(t_(DM)=627～998Ma)相同,Sr-Nd 同位素及Zr/Hf-Nb/Ta 比值具有亏损地幔与下地壳混合特征,另有岩石(t_(DM)=343～453Ma)源于古生代年轻地幔。据此推论其源岩是以晚元古代俯冲洋壳为主,多源物质混合的增生地体下地壳。La_N/Yb_N-Yb_N 及 La/Sm-La 图证明埃达质岩浆是榴辉岩化源岩部分熔融的原始岩浆,钠质流纹岩是该原始岩浆分离结晶产物,玄武岩浆则可能是源岩深度熔融的结果。岩石成分及微量元素判别该火山活动环境是大陆边缘弧。大兴安岭地区在中生代出现埃达克质火山岩及该类火山弧,未必与环太平洋或者鄂霍茨克海俯冲构造直接相关,而是晚古生代古亚洲洋残存洋壳在中生代沿续存俯冲断裂继续向增生地体下地壳俯冲并发生部分熔融结果。区内与满克头鄂博组有关的铁、铜、金矿化,应有大矿前景。     

西藏西部地区埃达克质侵入岩及铜金找矿意义

本文报道的西藏西部地区中酸性侵入岩,其形成时代为11.8～25Ma,滞后于洋壳俯冲作用,具有高Si02(56.00%～70.62%)、Al2O3(14.23%～16.85%)、K2O(1.74%～4.33%)、Na2O(一般Na2O/K2O>1)、Sr(420～938μg/g),贫Y(7.16～16.0μg/g),低MgO和CaO,富集LILE元素及LREE,亏损HREE等特征,表现出与埃达克岩相似的地球化学特征。结合其形成时代和地质背景分析,其成因与俯冲洋壳熔融无关,而与藏北埃达克质火山岩及中国东部C型埃达克岩成因相似,符合加厚地壳熔融模型。文中指出西藏西部地区埃达克岩的厘定具有重要的地球动力学意义和铜金矿找矿意义。     

内蒙古林西早中生代O型高镁埃达克质安山岩的发现及其意义

对内蒙古林西地区火山岩样品的地球化学研究表明,其具有大洋型(O型)高镁埃达克质安山岩的地球化学特征[w(SiO2)=57.89%～63.97%、w(Al2O3)=15.39%～16.17%、w(Na2O)/w(K2O)=1.5～2.2(除一个为0.9)、A/CNK=0.83～0.97、Mg#=49～64、w(Cr)=91～209μg/g、w(Ni)=52.2～111.4μg/g、w(Sr)=551～1018μg/g、w(Yb)=1.18～1.71μg/g、w(Y)=12.6～17.7μg/g、δ(Eu)=0.86～0.94]。利用LA-ICP-MS对其锆石进行了U-Pb定年,得到206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(244±2)Ma(MSWD=0.36)。此时,区域内古亚洲洋已闭合,综合地球化学特征和区域地质环境说明,林西高镁埃达克质安山岩是由残余洋壳部分熔融并随后与地幔橄榄岩相互作用形成的。内蒙古林西早中生代高镁埃达克质安山岩的产出表明,洋壳来源的埃达克岩(O型埃达克岩)不仅可以随俯冲同时产生,而且也可以在非俯冲环境下由保存在古俯冲带地幔中的残余洋壳部分熔融产生。     

燕山造山带中段中晚侏罗世中酸性火山岩的成因及其意义

燕山造山带中段(冀北下板城)中晚侏罗世髫髻山组火山岩主要由粗安岩和粗面岩组成。火山岩具有高的SiO_2(>55％)、Al_2O_3(15.70％～17.55％)、Na_2O(3.79％～5.42％)、Na_2O K_2O(5.99％～9.38％)、CaO(2.31％～6.48％)和低的MgO(≤4.01％,Mg~#≤0.50),高Sr(428～816μg/g)及Na_2O/K_20比值(一般1.11～1.88),轻稀土元素富集,Sr/Y和Rb/Sr比值低。其中,粗安岩相对亏损重稀土元素(Yb_N<8.5,Y<19μg/g),Y/Yb(12.62～15.06)和(Ho/Yb)_N(1.23～1.50)比值较高,Eu负异常不明显(Eu/Eu~*=0.90～0.95),具有埃达克岩地球化学特征。我们认为髫髻山组粗安岩起源于大陆下地壳玄武质岩石的部分熔融,粗面岩为粗安岩浆结晶分异的产物。     

铜陵地区中生代中酸性侵入岩的地球化学特征及其成矿-地球动力学意义

本文对铜陵地区晚侏罗世-早白垩世高钾钙碱性中酸性侵入岩进行了研究,发现该类岩体具有埃达克岩的地球化学特征,具体表现为:SiO2≥56％,Al2O3含量高(>15％),Na2O/K2O>1,亏损HREE,(La/Yb)N>12,负Eu异常不明显(Eu*/Eu=0.71-0.96),Sr含量高(>750μg/g),Sr/Y比值高(>38)。但是,由于岩石的K2O含量较高、εNd(t)较低和ISr值较高,又不同于典型的与板块俯冲有关的埃达克岩,而与中国东部中生代的C型埃达克岩比较类似,暗示铜陵地区的高钾钙碱性岩可能是加厚的下地壳底部基性岩部分熔融的产物。本文主要依据铜陵埃达克质岩的HREE特征,将其分为三类:第一类岩体为HREE平坦型,Yb含量较高(>1.8μg/g);第二类为HREE平坦型,Yb<1.8μg/g,(Ho/Yb)N≈1;第三类岩体HREE亏损,Yb<1.8μg/g,(Ho/Yb)N<1.2。上述三类岩石地球化学性质上的差异不太可能是分离结晶作用或地壳混染的 结果,而可能是由于幔源岩浆与下地壳物质混合的程度不同引起源区成分不同形成的。铜陵地区及中国东部埃达克质岩石可能代表了中国东部中生代时的地壳增生和加厚过程。铜陵埃达克岩主要是古老下地壳和底侵玄武岩不同比例混合部分熔融形成的,在岩浆演化过程中可能还不同程度地叠加了分离结晶作用和岩浆混合作用的影响。铜陵埃达克岩具岛弧特征,但并不表明其     

羌塘雀莫错始新世石英二长岩的年代学、地球化学与岩石成因

正长岩以及富碱的石英二长岩常常被认为起源于富集地幔的熔融。本文报道了起源于增厚陆壳熔融的石英二长岩。雀莫错岩体是分布在羌塘北部(青藏高原中部)的雀莫错(湖)东北部雀莫山上的一个侵入体,前人认为其由正长斑岩组成,形成时代不确定(45~23 Ma)。近期,我们对该侵入体进行了详细的野外地质调查和室内岩石学、地球化学以及年代学研究。雀莫错侵入岩主要由石英二长岩组成,激光锆石U-Pb测年显示,该岩体的侵位时代为始新世(41.71±0.29 Ma),与区域上大面积始新世火山岩同期。雀莫错侵入岩高硅(SiO_2=65.12%~66.71%)、富碱(Na_2O+K_2O=9.08%~9.71%)、富钾(K_2O=5.50%~5.92%)和高铝(Al_2O_314.79%),同时高Sr(1874~2001μg/g),亏损重稀土Yb(1.24~1.34μg/g)和Y(14.4~15.7μg/g),高Sr/Y(124~136)和La/Yb(67~74)比值,富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs),亏损高场强元素(HFSEs),具有不明显的Eu负异常、Sr正异常和略高的Mg~#(47~56),与区域上大面积的同期埃达克质火山岩类似。岩石具有非常均一的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i同位素比值(~0.7069)和ε_(Nd)(t)值(-2.6~-2.8)。结合区域地质、岩石和构造资料,认为雀莫错侵入岩形成于印度-欧亚大陆汇聚诱发的高原中部挤压阶段:挤压导致陆内俯冲,俯冲地壳发生部分熔融,岩浆在上升的过程中与地幔橄榄岩发生小规模反应,然后岩浆上升侵位形成了该区侵入岩。     

辽西地区早中生代火山岩地球化学特征及成因探讨

辽西地区早中生代火山岩的岩石共生组合为粗安岩-安山岩-英安岩-粗面英安岩,属于高钾钙碱性-钙碱性火山岩系.岩石总体上反映出高Al、高Na特点,SiO2≥56.99%,Al2O3≥15.16%,Na2O/K2O≥1.13.其地球化学的显著特点是稀土元素分馏明显(La/Yb≥14.89,Yb≤1.90×10-6);基本无Eu负异常(0.78～0.97);Y值较低(≤1 7.51×10-6);明显亏损Rb,Th,Nb,P,Zr和Ti,而富集Ba,K,Sr及REE,不同于正常岛弧钙碱性火山岩;火山岩的Rb/Sr≤0.15,Sr/Y≥35.1 6,属于高Sr低Yb、低Y岩石.火山岩地球化学研究表明,早中生代火山岩与埃达克岩十分类似,属埃达克质岩.铅、锶和钕同位素资料反映出火山岩的源岩较深,可能为古老的下地壳中-基性变质岩部分熔融产物.辽西地区早中生代火山岩形成于华北板块与西伯利亚板块碰撞-超碰撞的陆内挤压环境,与太平洋板块俯冲没有直接关系,而与加厚地壳导致的下地壳拆沉作用密切相关.辽西地区早中生代埃达克质岩的确认对探讨辽西地区火山岩浆起源、壳幔相互作用及大陆动力学背景具有重要意义.     

北山造山带尖山和石板井花岗岩年代学、地球化学研究及其地质意义

本文选取北山造山带公婆泉岛弧中部的尖山和石板井岩体展开研究。尖山花岗闪长岩具有典型埃达克岩特征,如较高SiO_2(56%)、Al_2O_3(15%)、Sr(400μg/g)含量以及高Sr/Y(60~88)、(La/Yb)N(7.73~15.5)比值,同时具有较高的Na_2O含量(Na_2OK_2O),低Y(8.15~11.2μg/g)和Yb(0.57~1.01μg/g)含量,并表现出弱的铕正异常(δEu=1.04~1.27)。石板井花岗岩不具有埃达克质特征。两个岩体均富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),而亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta)。两个岩体近同时形成,其中尖山岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(363.4±2.9)Ma,石板井岩体LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄为(362.6±3.0)Ma。尖山岩体的Sr-Nd同位素显示弱富集的特征,其中(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)0=0.7057~0.7058和εNd(t)=–0.4~–1.1,而石板井岩体具有相对高的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)0(0.7070~0.7071)和低的εNd(t)(–2.9~–2.6),推测两者岩浆源区包含有俯冲沉积物组分或岩浆在上升过程中受到了不同程度地壳物质的参与。结合其他的地质、地球化学证据,我们认为晚泥盆世尖山和石板井岩体是小黄山洋向南俯冲作用的结果,另外,晚泥盆世埃达克岩具有较大的斑岩铜矿成矿潜力。     

郯庐断裂带东侧滁州盆地早白垩世高镁埃达克质火山岩地球化学特征及其岩石成因

郯庐断裂带东侧滁州盆地内晚中生代火山岩以安山岩为主。本文对其中3件样品中锆石进行LA-ICP-MS测年,获得年龄分别为128±3Ma、128±2Ma、128±2Ma,为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。火山岩Si O_2含量为60.48%~66.20%,富钠、富碱(σ=2.34~4.97),属高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列。岩石均富集Ba、U、K等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素和重稀土元素。样品具有高的Sr(944×10~(-6)~1213×10~(-6))含量及高Sr/Y(80.0~113)和(La/Yb)N(23.8~29.7)比值,低Yb(0.70×10~(-6)~0.92×10~(-6))和Y(8.84×10~(-6)~11.8×10~(-6))含量,且Mg O(2.39%~3.48%)和Mg~#(43~61)较高,表明其具有高镁埃达克质岩的特征。火山岩(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i变化范围为0.70564~0.70579,ε_(Nd)(t)值为-15.7~-14.0,全岩Sr-Nd同位素组成与大别晚中生代加厚下地壳部分熔融形成的岩浆岩的特征相类似。滁州火山岩中锆石具有较高的氧逸度(Ce4+/Ce3+=38~1260,Eu/Eu*=0.68~1.20)和较低的锆石Ti温度(613~728℃),暗示滁州火山岩形成于相对高氧逸度和低温条件下,类似于长江中下游地区(LYRB),明显不同于郯庐断裂带南段(STLF)。受古太平洋板块俯冲流体/熔体交代改造的滁州盆地岩石圈地幔,具有含水、高氧逸度的性质。岩石圈地幔发生部分熔融形成含水、高氧逸度的岩浆,并与下扬子含金红石和石榴子石加厚下地壳部分熔融产生的岩浆混合,从而形成滁州盆地早白垩世高镁埃达克质火山岩。     

内蒙古巴林右旗晚二叠世埃达克质火山岩特征及其地质意义

内蒙古东南部巴林右旗地区发育晚二叠世埃达克质火山岩,岩石组合为安山岩、粗安岩、英安岩及辉石安山岩,其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果为256.7±2.7Ma,指示其形成于晚二叠世。地球化学特征显示,该套火山岩属准铝质-弱铝质中钾钙碱性岩石系列,具富Si(SiO_256%)、高Al(Al_2O_315%)、富Na、贫K、高Sr、低Yb和Y等特征,Na_2O/K_2O值为2.33~3.90,Mg~#值为35.3~60.8;稀土元素总量为96.69×10~(-6)~192.4×10~(-6)、轻重稀土元素分馏较明显((La/Yb)_N值为6.27~13.82),具正的Eu(δEu=1~1.67)异常,在原始地幔标准化蛛网图中,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、U,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,为O型(大洋型)埃达克质火山岩地球化学特征。综合区域资料,巴林右旗埃达克质火山岩是残留在地幔中的古亚洲洋残余洋壳部分熔融并受到地幔橄榄岩混染形成的,暗示晚二叠世存在古亚洲洋向华北板块俯冲消亡事件。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with