形成湿地的“淹埋深-历时-频率”阈值研究进展

湿地水文是形成湿地的发生学因素,“淹埋深-历时-频率”(S, D, F)是表征湿地水文的特征指标。为了推进(S, D, F)阈值研究理论和方法的发展,总结了(S, D, F)阈值研究的一致结论:S阈值确定的原则是水饱和至地表;D阈值确定的原则是从水饱和开始到厌氧环境形成的时滞;F阈值应取≥50%。通过对这些一致结论的分析后认为:D阈值确定的原则存在着科学性问题;目前(S, D, F)阈值研究理论针对正常情况下湿地类型,不适合非正常情况下的湿地类型。为了科学地解决(S, D, F)阈值问题,必须构建新的(S, D, F)阈值确定的理论和方法,包括正常情况下和非正常情况(S, D, F)阈值确定的理论和方法以及(S, D, F)阈值科学性检验的理论和方法。     

2010.0年代蒙古地区地磁场曲面样条

蒙古为我国的北方重要邻国, 其境内的西蒙古构造块体为我国主要地震带——南北地震带的主要北端构造.应用曲面样条(SP)方法, 对蒙古地区119个野外地磁测点的观测数据进行了计算, 获得2010.0年代蒙古地区地磁场空间分布, 并与EMM2010.0模型给出蒙古地区地磁场空间分布进行比较.结果表明: 曲面样条方法建立的蒙古地区地磁场模型与EMM给出的地磁场描述的蒙古地区各地磁要素的空间分布基本类似, 但在局部地区存在一定差异, 该差异在局部地区能达到±30'(I), ±60'(D), ±500 nT(H、F、X、Y、Z).      

DRAINMOD-S模型参数的全局灵敏度分析

为有效进行DRAINMOD-S模型参数的优选,更好地理解参数变化对模拟结果的影响,开展了模型参数灵敏度分析。以南通市九龙垦区暗管排水脱盐试验为例,采用Morris全局定性分析方法检测了DRAINMOD-S模型模拟土壤剖面含盐量时侧向饱和导水率K_sat、水动力弥散系数D、地表最大蓄水深度S_m、相对不透水层深度I_m、排水系数D_r及地下水初始埋深W 6个参数的灵敏度。结果表明:K_sat对模拟结果影响最为显著,D、S_m和D_r次之,而W与I_m影响最小;各个参数间的非线性作用存在差异,以K_sat最为显著。为保证模型模拟质量,对敏感性参数应提高现场测试精度,在模型运行时,对灵敏度大的参数应进行重点调整,同时也不可忽视非线性作用较强的参数,从而有效地指导模型的参数率定,提高模型的适用性。     

中国地区地磁正常场模型研究

基于2000年中国地区的实测地磁3分量数据,分别选用Taylor模型和第四代地磁场综合模型--CM4计算并绘制出正常场分布图.由于2种正常场分布较为相似,为了进一步比较研究,分别将实测值减去2种正常场模型值以得到2种磁异常值,并利用曲面Spline模型绘制各地磁分量磁异常图,结果显示:2种异常图分布基本一致,以CM4模型作为正常场与国界外的地磁分布结合得较好,适合进行大尺度的磁场研究,计算的磁异常分布在国内以负异常为主;以Taylor模型作为正常场适合进行局部区域的磁场研究,获得的磁异常图正负分布较为均匀、合理.     

东北地区大地磁异常的初步研究

近年来,通过地磁场研究地壳深部问题愈来愈为人们所重视。本文通过研究大地磁异常来推断和分析东北地区深部构造和地壳结构。 一、地磁场的泰勒多项式模式和大地磁异常 地球磁场是由内源场和外源场两部分组成的。内源场是地球本身产生的磁场,约占地球磁场的99.5％,这就是通常说的基本磁场。大地地磁测量数据经过通化(对观测资料进行变(化磁场和长期变化校正)以后即可获得同一年代的基本磁场。基本磁场是由正常磁场和异常磁场组成的。正常场是地核场,是由地核内部原因产生的中心偶极     

1600-2000年地球主磁场的全球变化

根据汤普森（Thompson）地磁场模型和第 8代IGRF模型，计算了1600-2000年期间的偶极子磁场、非偶极子磁场、西向漂移和地磁功率谱等反映主磁场变化的主要参数，分析了各个参数的长期变化特征。主要结果是：400年来地磁场的偶极子磁矩持续减小，1800年以来磁心的位置快速离开地心向太平洋方向移动了291km；西向漂移有大约30年左右的周期；非偶极子磁场异常中，南大西洋正磁异常、非洲负磁异常和大洋洲负磁异常是1600年以来一直存在的 3个大型磁异常，东亚正磁异常和北美正磁异常是1700年后逐渐形成的，17世纪北太平洋地区存在强的正磁异常。     

一种基于磁异常梯度测深的电性分析方法

通过收集某地区地磁台记录的磁场,和当天另一地区地磁日变场数据,以某地的地磁台记录磁场作为参考地磁场,以另一地当天地磁日变场作为主要地磁场,采用傅立叶变换对时变地磁异常进行频谱分析。计算出二地的地磁场水平导数和某地磁响应参数及视电阻率,并对其进行了一维电磁测深反演,与在同一测深剖面施测的可控源音频大地电磁测深（CSAMT）反演结果对比分析,效果基本一致。采取这种计算方法,可有效地提取磁异常深部信息,为危机矿山深部找矿增加一种新的解释手段。     

磁卫星资料中国区域磁异常的地球物理解释

由磁卫星(MAGSAT)资料绘制了中国区域磁异常图。资料首先分为拂晓和黄昏二组且对每一组分别进行处理。这二组数的各阶相关系数表明短波(≤540km)特征以非壳噪声为主。根据这二组数据中波长在540～2300km谐波得出了磁异常图。它代表了在卫星高度约400km处中国地壳磁异常,其幅值在—6～7nT之间。研究区域处于中、低磁纬度,磁异常并直不同接发因源相关。为克服这一困难,把磁异常图转化成反映地磁化率横向变化的地壳磁化率图。在反演中老虑了地磁场方向和强度的变化。该磁化率异常图呈现了区域构造,前寒武克拉通为强磁性,而山脉和缝合带为低磁性区。     

地面磁测数据正常场改正现行方法探讨

地面磁测数据正常场改正是地面磁测工作资料整理的一个不可或缺的步骤。正常场改正的好与坏、对与错,改正的程度如何,都直接关系到磁异常的形态,以至于磁测工作的解释结果。本文通过讨论国际地磁参考场的求法、地面磁测工作正常场的改正意义,比较了国际地磁参考场与地磁图的精度,对现行的地面磁测数据正常改正的方法探讨后,通过工作实例说明...     

诱发区域性滑坡的降雨阈值

根据降雨预测区域性滑坡是防止滑坡造成人员伤亡的重要途径,其关键是确定诱发滑坡的降雨阈值。按特定地质气象条件分区整理并分析了国内不同地区诱发区域性滑坡的降雨阈值,结果表明降雨阈值与年均降雨量有较大的相关性。除西南部分地区外,我国大部分地区的预报24 h降雨量阈值为年均降雨量(MAP)的0.04~0.08倍,这是因为年均降雨量反映了地区的常规降雨水平,而只有发生非常规的降雨才会诱发滑坡,因而年均降雨量越大对应的降雨阈值越大。分析了目前国内的降雨阈值的确定过程中缺乏详尽数据和论证等问题,并指出了国内的降雨阈值不能反映短时强降雨影响的缺陷。针对国内还没有适用性更广的雨强-持时(I-D)阈值曲线的现状,尝试性地建立了鄂西地区的I-D阈值曲线I=4.0D^-0.51,并在此过程中提出了确定降雨持时D开始时刻的方法。     

Coal fire mapping of East Basuria Colliery,Jharia coalfield using vertical derivative technique of magnetic data

The present study deals with the coal fire mapping of East Basuria Colliery, Jharia coalfield, India, using the magnetic method. It is based on the fact that rise in temperature would result significant changes in magnetic susceptibility and thermo-remanent magnetization (TRM) of the overlying rocks. Magnetism increases slowly with the rise of temperature until the Curie temperature. Generally, rock/ overburden loses magnetization and becomes paramagnetic due to heating to Curie temperature, which results with significant reduction in magnetic susceptibility. However, magnetism increases significantly after cooling below the Curie temperature. Several data processing methods such as diurnal correction, reduction to pole (RTP), first and second vertical derivatives have been used for analysis of magnetic data and their interpretation. It is observed that the total magnetic field intensity anomaly of the area varies approximately from 44850 to 47460 nT and the residual magnetic anomaly varies approximately from ?1323 to 1253 nT. The range of the magnetic anomaly after RTP is approximately 1050–1450 nT. About 20 low magnetic anomaly zones have been identified associated with active coal fire regions and 11 high magnetic anomaly zones have been identified associated with non-coal fire regions using vertical derivative techniques.     

哈密玉西钳子山C07-2高磁异常特征及深部钻探意义

新疆哈密东天山构造岩浆带位于尾亚-罗布庄磁力高带上的喀拉塔格磁场小区,该带发育幅值在200～300 nT的正磁场区,封闭磁异常对应于石炭纪石英闪长岩或隐伏基性侵入岩体.钳子山C07-2磁异常为该区带高磁异常,最高幅值2 340 nT.经钻探验证,打出3层低品位含铜钛磁铁矿,总厚119m.据81个化学样分析,TFe约3.6％～28.80％,平均品位13.5％,TiO2 1.31％～2.33％.ZK0701-10/5层(111～113 m)见有2m厚具工业品位的铜矿体和磁铁矿体,分析结果为Cu 0.4％,TFe 28.8％.该钻探成果为在哈密玉西地区寻找岩浆型钛磁铁矿提供了有力依据.     

Modeling and Interpreting CHAMP Magnetic Anomaly Field over China Continent Using Spherical Cap Harmonic Analysis

Based on the CHAMP Magsat data set, spherical cap harmonic analysis was used to model the magnetic fields over China continent. The data set used in the analysis includes the 15′×15′ gridded values of the CHAMP anomaly fields (latitude φ=25°N to 50°N and longitude λ=78°E to 135°E). The pole of the cap is located at φ=35°N and λ=110°E with half-angle of 30°. The maximum index (Kmax) of the model is 30 and the total number of model coefficients is 961, which corresponds to the minimum wavelength at the earth's surface about 400 km. The root mean square (RMS) deviations between the calculated and observed values are ～ 4 nT for ΔX, ～ 3 nT for ΔY and ～ 3.5 nT for ΔZ, respectively. Results show that positive anomalies are found mainly at the Tarim basin with ～6- 8 nT, the Yangtze platform and North China platform with ～4 nT, and the Songliao basin with ～4-6 nT. In contrast, negative anomaly is mainly located in the Tibet orogenic belt with the amplitude ～ (-6)-(-8) nT. Upward continuation of magnetic anomalies was used to semi-quantitatively separate the magnetic anomalies in different depths of crust. The magnetic anomalies at the earth's surface are from -6 to 10 nT for upper crust, middle crust -27 to 42 nT and lower crust -12 to 18 nT, respectively. The strikes of the magnetic anomalies for the upper crust are consistent with those for the middle crust, but not for the lower crust. The high positive magnetic anomalies mainly result from the old continental nucleus and diastrophic block (e.g. middle Sichuan continental nucleus, middle Tarim basin continental nucleus, Junggar diastrophic block and Qaidam diastrophic block). The amplitudes of the magnetic anomalies of the old continental nucleus and diastrophic block are related to evolution of deep crust. These results improve our understanding of the crustal structure over China continent.     

宿州市栏杆-褚栏地区金刚石勘查中磁异常特征研究与找矿

为在安徽省宿州市栏杆-褚栏地区寻找金刚石矿,深入研究该地区的地磁异常特征,圈定有意义的地磁异常,结合航磁异常、地磁异常、深源磁场剖析与已知矿体之间的对应关系,掌握基性、超基性岩脉的预测及其分布规律,进一步指出找矿方向。     

退磁作用对磁测资料解释的影响

退磁作用使磁异常幅值变小,形态畸变,影响磁测资料反演解释的地质结果的准确性。用有限元法数值模拟磁性体在考虑退磁作用下的磁场,以二度水平圆柱体理论模型为例,研究退磁作用对磁异常的影响。当磁化率κ≥1.0 SI时,考虑与不考虑退磁作用,异常极大值偏差可达1 300 nT以上,相对偏差可达30%以上,因此认为退磁作用的影响很大,不可忽略。青海尕林格铁矿区磁测资料的反演实例说明,忽略退磁作用将导致反演的矿体体积偏小,影响钻孔的布置和资源储量的评价。     

Tectonomagnetic study in the seismoactive area of Narmada-Son lineament,central India: Preliminary results on repeat field observations

Repeated measurements of the total geomagnetic field on the five profiles have revealed a picture of stress-induced tectonomagnetic effect in the form of secular variation of the total geomagnetic field in the tectonically and seismically active area of Jabalpur and adjoining areas of the Narmada-Son lineament (NSL), central India. For this experiment, a reference base station was established within the study area at Jabalpur. Using proton precession magnetometers with a sensitivity of 0.1 nT, simultaneous measurements of total geomagnetic field were made annually at the base and all field stations. Five cycles of repeated observations have been performed between 2003 and 2007. For data analysis, a difference method has been applied and the residuals have been calculated as secular variations of the total geomagnetic field with values ranging from ±0.1nT to about ±14.6nT/yr over the different stations. The anomalies in secular variation of the total geomagnetic field may be related to anomalous accumulation of tectonic stresses and tensions on the deep fault zones and crustal blocks due to recent geodynamic processes and active geological inhomogeneities in the NSL.     

Equatorial electrojet in the Indian region during the geomagnetic storm of 13–14 November 1998

The geomagnetic storm of November 1998 is a unique event where IMF-Bz remained southward with values exceeding –15 nT for more than a day. The SYM/H index decreased from about 07 hr on 13 November 1998 reaching a minimum of about –120 nT around midnight of 13–14 November 1998. Features of the equatorial electrojet in the Indian region are studied during the geomagnetic storm event of 13–14 November 1998, based on the geomagnetic data from the chain of observatories in India. Sudden northward turning of IMF-Bz for a very short duration around 08 hr on 13 November 1998 resulted in a small and very short duration counter electrojet. A strong (–50 nT) and a long duration counter electrojet, right from 08 to 13 hr on 14 November 1998 was observed resulting in the absence of equatorial Es at Thumba. Absence of the equatorial ionization anomaly was also observed as seen from the ionograms over Thumba and ionspheric data from Ahmedabad. The delayed effect on 14 November 1998 is due to the disturbance dynamo effect.     

地磁场水平梯度的计算与分析

In this paper，based on the Gauss theory of geomagnetism and the spherical harmonic mi}del of the geomagnetic field，the horizontal gradients of the geomagnetic field in north一south and west-;east dlrections were calculated in Chinese and"its surrounding regions, the contour maps of the horizontal gradients of the geomagnetic components were constracted，and its regularities of distributions were analysed.
The horizontal gradients of the total intensity (F)，horizontal intensity (H) and vertical intensity (Z ) vary mainly with lat相似文献