Crust-mantle structure under South Pole and Ross Sea Beach in Antarctica

Ｃｒｕｓｔ－ｍａｎｔｌｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｕｎｄｅｒＳｏｕｔｈＰｏｌｅａｎｄＲｏｓｓＳｅａＢｅａｃｈｉｎＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａＳｈｕＰｅｉｙｉ（束沛镒）ａｎｄＺｈａｎｇＢｏ（张钋）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＡｃａｄｅｍｉａＳｉｎｉｃ...     

The observations on Polar Stratospheric Clouds at Zhongshan Station，Antarctica

ＴｈｅｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｓｏｎＰｏｌａｒＳｔｒａｔｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＣｌｏｕｄｓａｔＺｈｏｎｇｓｈａｎＳｔａｔｉｏｎ，ＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａＳｕｎＪｉｎｈｕｉ（孙金辉）；ＸｉａＱｉｌｉｎ（夏其林）；ＱｉｕＪｉｎｈｕａｎ（邱金桓）ａｎｄＬｕＤａｒｅｎ（...     

The characteristics of Pi2 pulsations at Great Wall Station,Antarctica

ＴｈｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆＰｉ２ｐｕｌｓａｔｉｏｎｓａｔＧｒｅａｔＷａｌｌＳｔａｔｉｏｎ，ＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａＹａｎｇＳｈａｏｆｅｎｇ（杨少峰）ａｎｄＸｉａｏＦｕｈｕｉ（肖福辉）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ，Ａｃａｄｅｍ...     

Paleomagnetism of Early Tertiary volcanics in the South Shetland Islands and its tectonic implications

ＰａｌｅｏｍａｇｎｅｔｉｓｍｏｆＥａｒｌｙＴｅｒｔｉａｒｙｖｏｌｃａｎｉｃｓｉｎｔｈｅＳｏｕｔｈＳｈｅｔｌａｎｄＩｓｌａｎｄｓａｎｄｉｔｓｔｅｃｔｏｎｉｃｉｍｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓＬｉｕＪｉａｎ（刘坚）；ＧｅＴｏｎｇｍｉｎｇ（葛同明）；ＤｕａｎＷｅｉｗ...     

Characteristics of Pc3 pulsations at Great Wall Station,Antarctica

（杨少峰）（肖福辉）ＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆＰｃ３ｐｕｌｓａｔｉｏｎｓａｔＧｒｅａｔＷａｌｌＳｔａｔｉｏｎ，Ａｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａ￥ＹａｎｇＳｈａｏｆｅｎｇａｎｄＸｉａｏＦｕｈｕｉ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ，Ａｃａｄｅｍｉａ...     

A study on nano－ and microdiatoms in the intertidal zones of Zhongshan Station，Antarctica

Ａｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｎａｎｏ－ａｎｄｍｉｃｒｏｄｉａｔｏｍｓｉｎｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒｔｉｄａｌｚｏｎｅｓｏｆＺｈｏｎｇｓｈａｎＳｔａｔｉｏｎ，ＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａＺｈｕＧｅｎｈａｉ（朱根海）；ＬｕＤｏｕｄｉｎｇ（陆斗定）ａｎｄＷａｎｇＺｉｐａｎ（王自磐）（Ｓ...     

Microbes in the area of the South Shetland Islands

ＭｉｃｒｏｂｅｓｉｎｔｈｅａｒｅａｏｆｔｈｅＳｏｕｔｈＳｈｅｔｌａｎｄＩｓｌａｎｄｓＣｈｅｎＨａｏｗｅｎ（陈皓文）ａｎｄＳｏｎｇＱｉｎｇｙｕｎ（宋庆云）（ＦｉｒｓｔＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＯｃｅａｎｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＳＯＡ，Ｑｉｎｇｄａｏ２６６００３，Ｃ...     

《中国沙漠植物志》柳属（SalixL．）增订

通过对中国沙漠地区植物标本鉴定和文献考证，认为中国沙漠地区柳属植物有２５个种、２个变种和３个变型。乌柳（ＳａｌｉｘｃｈｅｉｌｏｐｈｉｌａＳｃｈｎｅｉｄ．）、黄线柳（Ｓ．ｌｉｎｅａｒｉｆｏｌｉａＥ．Ｗｏｌｆ）和二色柳（Ｓ．ａｌｂｅｒｔｉＲｇｌ．）沙区有分布。锯齿柳（Ｓ．ｓｅｒｒｕｌａｔｉｆｏｌｉａＥ．Ｗｏｌｆ）和细穗柳（Ｓ．ｔｅｎｕｉｊｕｌｉｓＬｅｄｅｂ．）为不同的２个种。对小穗柳（Ｓ．ｍｉｃｒｏｓｔａｃｈｙａＴｕｒｃｚ．ａｐｕｄＴｒａｕｔｖ．）、布尔津柳（Ｓ．ｂｕｒｑｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＣｈ．Ｙ．Ｙａｎｇ）、疏齿柳（Ｓ．ｓｅｒｒｕｌａｔｉｆｏｌｉａＥ．Ｗｏｌｆｖａｒ．ｓｕｂｉｎｔｅｇｒｉｆｏｌｉａＣｈ．Ｙ．Ｙａｎｇ）和龙爪柳（Ｓ．ｍａｔｓｕｄａｎａＫｏｉｄｚ．ｆ．ｔｏｒｔｕｏｓａ（ｖｉｌｍ．）Ｒｅｈｄ．）的名称做了订正。     

Chlorinated hydrocarbons in animal tissue samples from the Arctic Area

ＣｈｌｏｒｉｎａｔｅｄｈｙｄｒｏｃａｒｂｏｎｓｉｎａｎｉｍａｌｔｉｓｕｅｓａｍｐｌｅｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＡｒｃｔｉｃＡｒｅａＣｈｕＳｈａｏｇａｎｇ（储少岗）,ＦａｎｇＪｉｎｇｙｕｎ（方精云）,ＨｅＹｉ（贺奕）,ＦｕＳｈａｎ（傅珊）ａｎｄＸｕＸｉａｏｂａｉ...     

The chemical characteristics of seawater in the Prydz Bay,Antarctica

ＴｈｅｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｓｅａｗａｔｅｒｉｎｔｈｅＰｒｙｄｚ　Ｂａｙ，ＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａＷａｎｇＹｕｈｅｎｇ（王玉衡）；ＤｅｎｇＨｅｎｇｌｉｎｇ（董恒霖）ａｎｄＲｅｎＤｉａｎｙｏｎｇ（任典勇）（ＳｅｃｏｎｄＩｎｓｔｉ...     

基于GRACE反演南极物质平衡的研究

利用GRACE重力卫星提供的时变重力场反演了南极大陆冰雪质量变化。由于GRACE提供的C20项不准确,本文考虑利用SLR测得的C20项替换,反演结果显示南极西部冰雪在消融,东部基本保持平衡,整个南极以(-0.689±0.172)cm/a的速率在消融。     

The spatial and seasonal distributions of air-transport origins to the Antarctic based on 5-day backward trajectory analysis

Transport of moisture-bearing air to the Antarctic is one of the important factors that control the mass balance of the ice sheet. Here, we investigate the distribution of air-parcel transport using a backward trajectory analysis over the entire Antarctic ice sheet, based on whether the air parcel was located inside or outside of Antarctica at 5 days before arrival. At this time, we considered the air from outside Antarctica to be moisture rich. Oceanic air was found to dominate in West Antarctica throughout the year, whereas air from inland was more prominently distributed around East Antarctica, especially in summer. In East Antarctica, there was a significant seasonal variation: air from inland dominated in summer, while air of oceanic origin dominated in winter. The distribution of air parcels that came from oceanic/inland sources was similar to the accumulation map (based on satellite data), which indicates that oceanic air parcels could be a substitute for moisture transport to the Antarctic. To determine the future impacts of climate change (e.g., sea level rise), more precise predictions of the variations in the surface mass balance will be required. Our results contribute towards the improved understanding of the spatial distributions of accumulation and aerosols found in Antarctic snow and ice cores.     

南极威尔克斯地SGR钻孔处雪冰转化过程中的密度变化特征

本文着重描述了SGR钻孔处冰盖上的积雪在密实化过程中的特征变化,并对该过程进行了分段的和全面的回归分析.结果表明,冰盖密度随深度增大,但增长幅度随深度减小.作者提出密度变化减小度的概念.计算得出的所研究冰芯钻取点的密度变化减小度为-0.15kg/m~3·m~2,粒雪成冰前的密实速率平均值为4.08kg/m~3·a.本文得到的冰盖密度变化“临界点”与以往报道的有所不同.分析这一现象时,作者强调当积雪还在活动层时冰盖温度的影响,并以此解释密度剖面的异常变化以及离差的回升.特别指出,积雪的密度变化具有气候学意义,它在一定程度上能够反映出积雪形成及变化过程中气候变化的某些信息.本文由密度变化确定的钻孔点雪冰转化深度为50米.     

Detecting Arctic snow and ice cover with FY-1D global data

Chinese meteorological satellite FY-1D can obtain global data from four spectral channels which include visible channel(0.58-0.68 μm) and infrared channels(0.84-0.89 μm,10.3-11.3 μm,11.5-12.5 μm).2366 snow and ice samples,2024 cloud samples,1602 land samples and 1648 water samples were selected randomly from Arctic imageries.Land and water can be detected by spectral features.Snow-ice and cloud can be classified by textural features.The classifier is Bayes classifier.By synthesizing five d ays classifying result of Arctic snow and ice cover area,complete Arctic snow and ice cover area can be obtained.The result agrees with NOAA/NESDIS IMS products up to 70%.     

南极两站X/L双频段遥感接收系统及研究应用

卫星遥感是南极研究的重要工具。2009年底和2010年初,我国南极长城、中山站的X/L双频段卫星遥感接收系统分别建成并投入使用,此系统可接收美国NASA的Terra和Aqua卫星的MODIS数据、NOAA系列卫星以及我国风云一号卫星的数据,实现了对南极地区天气、积雪、海冰以及南大洋海洋生态等的实时监测,并将在我国多个学科领域的南极研究中发挥重要作用。本文在说明了此卫星遥感接收系统的组成结构、运行方式和数据产品种类后,对此系统的使用情况做了一些介绍,对将使用此系统数据开展南极下降风、南极冰雪覆盖及反照率、南极大气和海洋数值模式等各领域的研究工作进行了初步探讨。     

The role of declining Arctic sea ice in recent decreasing terrestrial Arctic snow depths

The dramatic decline in Arctic sea ice cover is anticipated to influence atmospheric temperatures and circulation patterns. These changes will affect the terrestrial climate beyond the boundary of the Arctic, consequently modulating terrestrial snow cover. Therefore, an improved understanding of the relationship between Arctic sea ice and snow depth over the terrestrial Arctic is warranted. We examined responses of snow depth to the declining Arctic sea ice extent in September, during the period of 1979–2006. The major reason for a focus on snow depth, rather than snow cover, is because its variability has a climatic memory that impacts hydrothermal processes during the following summer season. Analyses of combined data sets of satellite measurements of sea ice extent and snow depth, simulated by a land surface model (CHANGE), suggested that an anomalously larger snow depth over northeastern Siberia during autumn and winter was significantly correlated to the declining September Arctic sea ice extent, which has resulted in cooling temperatures, along with an increase in precipitation. Meanwhile, the reduction of Arctic sea ice has amplified warming temperatures in North America, which has readily offset the input of precipitation to snow cover, consequently further decreasing snow depth. However, a part of the Canadian Arctic recorded an increase in snow depth driven locally by the diminishing September Arctic sea ice extent. Decreasing snow depth at the hemispheric scale, outside the northernmost regions (i.e., northeastern Siberia and Canadian Arctic), indicated that Arctic amplification related to the diminishing Arctic sea ice has already impacted the terrestrial Arctic snow depth. The strong reduction in Arctic sea ice anticipated in the future also suggests a potential long-range impact on Arctic snow cover. Moreover, the snow depth during the early snow season tends to contribute to the warming of soil temperatures in the following summer, at least in the northernmost regions.     

南极长城站邻近海域有机氯农药污染的初步研究

我们于 1 990年 1月 ,在南极长城站邻近海域采集水质样品 2 0组 ,底质样品 2组 ,生物样品 4组 ,冰雪样品 1组。同年 5月进行样品有机氯农药的测定。测定结果表明 ,南极长城站邻近海域的水质、底质和生物体以及冰雪中都不同程度地存在着 DDT和六六六。     

2013-2014年夏季南极普里兹湾海面反照率走航观测研究

在 2013—2014年南半球夏季时对南极普里兹湾海区的反照率进行了走航观测。利用安装于破冰船船头的高光谱辐照度计测量入射和反射的350—920 nm的太阳短波辐射, 基于此观测数据, 经计算得到了反照率。分析比较不同下垫面的反照率, 通过比较不同航段的观测结果, 得到了反照率的空间变化以及从海冰融化期至冻结初期的变化。不同下垫面的反照率差异较大, 有积雪覆盖的固定冰反照率最大, 有积雪覆盖的浮冰其次, 而积雪融化的浮冰则反照率有所降低。新冰的反照率较低, 有积雪覆盖的新冰反照率迅速增加。比较不同波段的反照率, 发现融化期由于积雪含水量较大, 增加了对近红外辐射的吸收, 降低了该波段的反照率。结合卫星遥感(AMSR-2)和人工观测的海冰密集度, 发现区域平均的反照率主要取决于海冰密集度, 然而也受下垫面物理特征影响, 例如2月底至3月初形成的新冰, 反照率只有老冰的1/3— 1/2。新冰形成, 会直接增加海冰密集度, 但由于其反照率较低, 对空间平均反照率的贡献较小。因此, 若要建立合理的冰水混合区的反照率参数化方案, 必须充分考虑海冰类型和冰面积雪的物理状态, 并考虑反照率的波长依赖性。     

The establishment of GPS network in Grove Mountains,East Antarctica

The Grove Mountains are located in Princess Elizabeth Land,East Antarctica,ext ending from 72° to 73°S latitude and 73° to 76°E longitude,covering approxi mately 8000 km～2 areas.During the 2002/2003 austral summer season,the 19th CH INARE(Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition)carried out the third expedition in Grove Mountains,East Antarctica.The Geodetic network was establ ished,which can provide ground control for the satellite image map for the mult i-discipline expedition in the Grove Mountains where seven permanent GPS benchm a rks were set up supported by the helicopter and snow vehicles.All GPS sites bes ides Z001 were observed at least for one hour using the dual frequencies Trimble 4000ssi GPS receivers.The data were processed by the comprehensive GPS analysi s package—GAMIT/GLOBK and the precision is good enough to satisfy with the acqu irement of satellite mapping in this area.     

积雪对南极冰盖自动气象站气温观测影响的研究

随着冰盖表面雪的累积或消融,自动气象站(AWS)传感器相对地表的高度随之发生变化,故所记录的观测资料不能直接反映相对地表固定高度上的气象参数。为了使南极冰盖上AWS所获取的气象资料具有可靠性,在积累率对AWS观测气温影响的基础上,将东南极冰盖上中山站至DomeA断面3个AWS的连续观测气温修正到相对于雪表面的某一真实高度上。结果表明:(1)DomeA,Eagle和LGB69年平均1m气温分别为-53.19℃,-41.33℃和-26.29℃,年平均积累率分别为0.11m、0.30m和0.49m,对应的1m气温年平均修正量分别为0.34℃、0.29℃和0.35℃,2m和4m气温的年平均修正量均小于0.1℃;(2)积累率变化对离地表最近层次上的气温影响最大,越往上层影响越小;(3)气温的修正量大小与积累率并非成简单的正比关系,它与气温本身的季节变化特征以及局地近地表逆温强度有很大的关系。气温的平均修正量冬季为正,夏季修正量的正负由局地是否存在逆温决定,修正量值的大小主要由逆温强度和积累率决定。