Behavior of a seismically isolated bridge crossing a fault rupture zone

The effect of the fault rupture zone traversing a seismically isolated bridge is investigated utilizing a finite element model of a section of the Bolu Viaduct and a set of synthetic broadband strong ground motions simulated for the Bolu Viaduct site due to the 1999 Duzce earthquake. Both the original and a potential retrofit seismic isolation system designs are considered in the analyses. The results show double isolation system demands when fault crossing is considered, as compared to the case where fault crossing is ignored. The pier drift demands, however, remain comparable in both cases. Furthermore, the location of fault crossing along the bridge length, as well as the fault orientation with respect to the bridge longitudinal direction are shown to influence substantially the response of the seismically isolated bridge. Isolation system permanent displacements are greatly influenced by the restoring force capability of the isolation system when fault crossing effects in the excitations are ignored. In the case of fault crossing, the permanent displacements of the isolation system are dominated by the substantial permanent tectonic displacement along the fault trace which is imposed upon the structure. The results of this study contribute to developing a better understanding of how seismically isolated bridges respond when traversed by fault rupture zones. The lack of analyses and design guidelines for bridges crossing faults in international standards renders this study a useful reference for the profession.     

多点激励下大跨度连续钢桁架柔性拱桥空间地震响应分析

基于多自由度空间结构体系地震响应分析的基本理论,利用ANSYS建立空间有限元模型,采用动力时程分析法分析某大跨度连续钢桁架柔性拱桥在一致和非一致激励作用不同地震工况下的空间地震响应。研究结果表明:非一致激励作用下,拱肋轴力、主桁弯矩峰值出现在拱脚和边墩附近;地震波组合输入较其单向输入拱脚轴力和面内弯矩最大分别可达1.28和8.32倍;非一致输入较一致激励作用拱脚轴力和面内弯矩分别可达2.5和8.4倍;地震波横向输入较纵向输入横向位移峰值比可达2.4倍,纵向输入较横向输入纵向位移峰值比可达2.6倍;结构的支座形式对结构构件地震响应结果也有一定影响;建议大跨度钢桁拱桥抗震设计应充分考虑地震波的空间和时间效应。     

强震下斜交桥地震反应与减隔震性能分析

针对斜交桥在破坏性地震中发生破坏和损伤的突出问题,采用铅芯橡胶支座(LRB)进行隔震和滞回耗能。基于OpenSees平台建立了不同斜度的传统非隔震和全桥采用LRB隔震的4跨斜交连续梁桥动力分析模型,沿2个水平方向输入远场地震动和具有向前方向性效应、滑冲效应以及无速度脉冲效应的近断层地震动,并进行非线性时程计算,研究桥墩和挡块的损伤状态、主梁旋转度、碰撞力与斜交桥斜度的关系以及LRB对斜交桥抗震性能的影响。结果表明:向前方向性效应和滑冲效应的脉冲型地震动作用下的斜交桥地震反应和损伤明显大于无速度脉冲近断层和远场地震动作用; 采用LRB隔震后,明显降低了固定墩的地震损伤,桥墩位移减震率可达到50%以上; LRB隔震桥主梁与挡块的间隙宜结合桥梁的地震风险和设计位移进行确定。     

Effects of vertical excitation on the seismic performance of a seismically isolated bridge with sliding friction bearings

A finite element model is constructed for a sliding friction bearing in a seismically isolated bridge under vertical excitation with contact/friction elements. The effects of vertical excitation on the seismic performance of a seismically isolated bridge with sliding friction bearings and different bearing friction coefficients and different stiffness levels (pier diameter) are discussed using example calculations, and the effects of excitation direction for vertical excitation on the analysis results are explored. The analysis results shows that vertical excitation has a relatively large impact on seismic performance for a seismically isolated bridge with sliding friction bearings, which should be considered when designing a seismically isolated bridge with sliding friction bearings where vertical excitation dominates.     

大跨度斜拉桥地震响应非线性时程分析

以有限元分析理论为基础,结合某大跨度斜拉桥工程实例,利用ANSYS软件建立有限元模型,通过修正后的El Centro波分别考虑横向、竖向及纵向输入,采用时程分析方法对其进行地震反应分析.计算分析表明:考虑几何非线性后,结构的内力和位移响应明显增大,且对主梁和索塔内力与位移的影响程度及规律也不尽相同,须区别对待分析.同时表明该桥抗震性能良好,地震荷载不控制设计.由此得出结论,对于斜拉桥这类柔性体系, 不可忽视结构几何非线性的影响.     

西昌市某高层剪力墙结构隔震设计与分析

针对西昌市某高层钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构进行了橡胶支座隔震设计和抗震性能分析。西昌市抗震设防烈度为9度,历史上曾发生过7.5级地震。该工程场址地质构造较复杂,东侧区域有一条隐伏断层,属则木河断裂带次生断层。则木河断裂带是川西主要发震断裂带之一,至今仍是一条活动较强烈的大断裂。按照《建筑抗震设计规范》(2016版)要求,取近场影响系数1.5,以提高结构的安全度;选取Ⅱ类场地5条天然地震波和2条人工模拟地震波,共计七条符合规范要求的地震波;基于SAP2000软件对结构进行了隔震设计,中震作用下结构层间剪力和倾覆弯矩减震系数最大值为0.24,比非隔震结构地震响应减小显著,罕遇地震下隔震支座的面压、水平位移能够满足规范要求。采用ABAQUS对结构进行了罕遇地震动力弹塑性时程分析,结果表明结构能够满足"大震不倒"的抗震设防目标。     

基于负刚度装置的超长联大跨连续梁桥地震反应控制研究

为完善超长联大跨连续梁桥的减、隔震技术,将负刚度装置引入到超长联大跨隔震连续梁桥中组成新型减、隔震系统,并与黏滞阻尼器-摩擦摆支座组合减震系统进行比较。基于CSiBridge软件建立全桥有限元模型,负刚度装置采用弹性多段线模拟,摩擦摆支座采用双线性恢复力模型,黏滞阻尼器采用Maxwell模型,输入3条地震波进行非线性时程分析,考查两种新型减、隔震系统下桥梁结构的地震反应,探究负刚度系统及黏滞阻尼器系统对超长联大跨连续梁桥地震反应的控制效果。研究结果表明：负刚度装置与黏滞阻尼器均可以有效地减小超长联大跨隔震连续梁桥的支座位移。负刚度装置对桥墩内力反应及梁体加速度反应的控制优于黏滞阻尼器。负刚度装置在超长联大跨连续梁桥地震反应控制中有较好的应用前景。     

脉冲型地震动作用下隔震结构动力响应的影响参数研究

通过对隔震结构进行非线性动力响应分析,分别研究地震动参数和支座参数对结构地震响应的影响。首先,建立铅芯橡胶支座基础隔震结构的非线性运动方程;然后,以人工合成脉冲型地震动作为输入,运用MATLAB进行编程并求解结构在脉冲型地震动作用下的地震响应;最后,分别研究速度脉冲周期、支座屈服力、屈服后与屈服前的刚度比对隔震支座最大位移和上部结构层间位移的影响。研究结果表明,脉冲周期对结构地震响应影响很大,在进行隔震设计时应使结构自振周期远离脉冲周期;支座刚度比对结构地震响应影响较大,在进行支座选型时应重点关注;支座屈服力对支座位移的影响显著,屈服力越大,支座位移越小。     

基于基础隔震理念的转体斜拉桥抗震性能研究

为研究基础隔震体系对转体斜拉桥抗震性能的影响,以新建福厦客运专线太城溪特大桥为工程背景,建立全桥动力模型,进行非线性时程分析。选取7组地震波与5组曲面摩擦摆支座基础隔震方案,对比分析基础隔震转体斜拉桥的抗震性能。结果表明：采用基础隔震体系后,转体斜拉桥的自振周期增大,整体刚度与地震响应显著降低;曲面摩擦摆支座对结构变形的影响较小,但会使内力大幅降低,可作为该转体斜拉桥基础隔震体系的隔震支座;采用基础隔震体系后,主墩墩底弯矩减小44.83%～55.82%,剪力减小40.3%～63.09%,塔梁固结处产生最大位移65.53 mm。     

减隔震桥梁设计方法及抗震性能研究综述

桥梁作为交通系统中的生命线工程,其抗震性能问题尤为重要。桥梁减隔震技术主要通过减隔震装置来降低结构的地震损伤,目前已发展成为提高强震区桥梁抗震能力的重要措施。为促进减隔震技术在中国桥梁工程领域的进一步发展,首先总结减隔震桥梁的设计方法,归纳其地震反应和震害情况,对采用不同减隔震装置桥梁的非线性动力性能、减隔震效果、地震随机响应、易损性及性能优化方法等研究情况进行梳理;其次,概述减隔震技术在斜交桥、曲线桥及铁路桥梁中的应用情况与研究进展,并介绍新型韧性抗震设计理念在桥梁工程领域中的应用情况和发展前景;最后,总结减隔震桥梁的试验研究情况,指出目前减隔震桥梁研究中的不足和发展趋势。     

某城市天桥减隔震设计研究

通过对某城市天桥进行非线性动力分析,计算结果表明固定墩墩底弯矩远大于自由墩墩底弯矩,且固定墩墩底弯矩已经超越桥墩结构抗力。针对这一问题,为了使桥墩均匀地承受地震作用,提高结构抗震性能,文章采取了将固定墩的固定支座改为减隔震支座的设计方案,并对不同减隔震支座的屈服力和屈服前刚度进行了计算,分析了各工况下的地震响应,最后建议了选用支座的型号。     

Seismic response of isolated bridges with soil–structure interaction

The modern transportation facilities demand that the bridges are to be constructed across the gorges that are located in seismically active areas and at the same time the site conditions compel the engineers to rest the pier foundation on soil. The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of soil–structure interaction (SSI) on the peak responses of three-span continuous deck bridge seismically isolated by the elastomeric bearings. The emphasis has been placed on gauging the significance of physical parameters that affect the response of the system and identify the circumstances under which it is necessary to include the SSI effects in the design of seismically isolated bridges. The soil surrounding the foundation of pier is modelled by frequency independent coefficients and the complete dynamic analysis is carried out in time domain using complex modal analysis method. In order to quantify the effects of SSI, the peak responses of isolated and non-isolated bridge (i.e. bridge without isolation device) are compared with the corresponding bridge ignoring these effects. A parametric study is also conducted to investigate the effects of soil flexibility and bearing parameters (such as stiffness and damping) on the response of isolated bridge system. It is observed that the soil surrounding the pier has significant effects on the response of the isolated bridges and under certain circumstances the bearing displacements at abutment locations may be underestimated if the SSI effects are not considered in the response analysis of the system.     

近断层地震动下设置BRB的双向减隔震桥梁地震反应

在近断层地震动下桥梁结构将发生较大反应,减隔震设计是减轻地震损伤的重要手段。提出了在桥梁双柱墩横桥向设置防屈曲支撑(BRB),在纵桥向设置铅芯橡胶支座(LRB)的双向减隔震体系。利用Midas Civil软件建立3种不同减隔震方式的桥梁结构模型:LRB仅单向,LRB双向与LRB联合BRB,运用非线性时程分析方法计算了桥墩反应(墩顶侧移角、残余位移角和曲率延性)、LRB支座变形和BRB的耗能特性等。结果表明:在近断层地震动输入下联合设置LRB和BRB的双向减隔震桥梁减震效果明显,相比其它2种方式,能有效降低墩柱的塑性变形及起到保护桥墩的作用。在横桥向,桥墩最大侧移角、残余位移角和最大曲率延性系数都显著降低。     

双向地震作用下高铁FPS隔震简支梁桥纵向地震碰撞反应研究

为了准确分析FPS隔震桥梁的纵向地震碰撞反应,针对一典型3跨FPS隔震简支梁桥,建立了考虑FPS双向耦合效应和梁缝处三维碰撞效应的非线性动力计算模型,分析双向地震作用下FPS隔震简支梁桥纵向地震碰撞反应;研究支座半径和摩擦系数对简支梁桥纵向地震碰撞反应的影响规律。研究结果表明:横向地震作用会增大简支梁邻梁间纵向地震碰撞次数和碰撞力,降低墩底纵向剪力;为减小地震碰撞反应,设计时可适当增大支座半径和支座摩擦系数。     

设置负刚度装置的大跨长联连续梁桥地震反应分析

为完善大跨长联连续梁桥的减震和隔震技术,提出将负刚度装置引入某带有摩擦摆支座隔震的大跨长联连续梁桥中组成新型减震和隔震系统.基于CSIBridge软件建立全桥有限元模型,负刚度装置采用弹性多段线模拟,摩擦摆支座采用双线性恢复力模型,输入7条地震波进行了非线性时程分析,考查了新型减震和隔震系统下桥梁结构的地震反应,探究了...     

支座形式对简支梁桥地震反应的影响

本文选取1座简支小箱梁桥,采用有限元分析软件SAP2000建立有限元模型,选择与规范反应谱频谱特性一致的实际地震记录作为输入进行时程反应分析,在墩、梁之间分别设置普通板式橡胶支座、铅芯橡胶支座和高阻尼橡胶支座,比较桥梁纵向和横向的地震反应,分析铅芯橡胶支座和高阻尼橡胶支座的减震效果,并从周期延长和能量耗散2方面分析减隔震支座的减震性能。结果表明,2种减隔震支座均可有效起到减隔震的作用,可以显著改善桥梁结构的抗震性能。     

高承台下自由桩长对双薄壁墩连续刚构桥地震响应的影响

为探究高承台下自由桩长对双薄壁墩连续刚构桥地震响应的影响,基于OpenSees程序建立了实桥有限元模型并进行弹塑性时程分析,通过对比不同自由桩长模型的时程曲线、峰值响应及滞回特性,分析了自由桩长对桥梁地震响应的影响。结果表明:自由桩长增加会减小桥梁刚度;地震作用下,随自由桩长增加,主梁、支座及自由桩顶的水平位移增大,且支座位移增幅大于主梁和桩顶的位移增幅,墩底内力及变形减小;地震作用下,桥梁边墩的横桥向曲率大于中墩,矮墩的纵桥向曲率大于高墩,边墩的内肢墩较外肢墩更易遭受破坏。     

Dynamics of inelastic base‐isolated structures subjected to analytical pulse ground motions

Structural design code provisions worldwide prescribe relatively small seismic force reduction factors for seismically base‐isolated structures, making their response to design‐level earthquake excitation essentially elastic. This paper uses the method of dimensional analysis to prove that; in most cases, this is not a conservative design approach but a necessity that emerges from the dynamics of base‐isolated structures. It is shown that allowing typical base‐isolated structures to yield results in large displacement ductility demands for the structure. This phenomenon is caused by the change in the nature of the ground motion excitation as it is transmitted to the structure through the seismic base isolation system as well as by the change in the distribution of displacements between the structure and the isolation bearings caused by yielding of the isolated structure. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of variation of normal force on seismic performance of resilient sliding isolation systems in highway bridges

In this study, a series of shaking table tests are carried out on scaled models of two seismically isolated highway bridges to investigate the effect of rocking motion and vertical acceleration on seismic performance of resilient sliding isolators. In addition, performance of RSI is compared with system having solely natural rubber bearings. Test results show that variation of normal force on sliders due to rocking effect and vertical acceleration makes no significant difference in response of RSI systems. In addition, analytical response of prototype isolated bridge and the model used in experiments is obtained analytically by using non‐linear model for isolation systems. It is observed that for seismically isolated bridges, dynamic response of full‐scale complex structures can be predicted with acceptable accuracy by experiments using a simple model of the structure. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高烈度区大跨刚构-连续梁桥地震响应分析

为研究大跨刚构-连续梁桥在高烈度地区的地震响应,选取羊记沟左线大桥为工程背景,利用Midas软件建立多个有限元模型,考虑纵、横桥向的水平地震波输入,比较反应谱与时程分析结果,获得结构动力响应特点,为大跨刚构-连续梁桥的抗震设计提供参考依据。结果表明:刚构-连续体系仅单墩刚构时不宜采用反应谱分析,高烈度地区桥梁进行地震响应时程分析时,选用与场地适应的地震波的同时,应考虑采用本地地震参数转化人工波作为地震激励源。桥墩不等高时,可通过改变墩截面形状及其与主梁连接方式调节内力分布,避免矮墩刚度大导致的内力集中。