高中人文地理教学空间能力培养现状与策略

空间能力培养是中学地理教学的基本目标之一。通过对安徽省芜湖市高中人文地理教学中空间能力培养的现状调查与分析,认为教师对地理空间知觉能力和空间思维能力关注度较高,对空间想象能力的关注度较低,地理空间语义的模糊性和教学条件的不足限制了地理空间能力教学的充分扩展。提出建立明确的地理空间能力课程标准、更新地理空间能力教学手段、扩展地理空间能力教学内容是加强人文地理教学空间能力培养的基本策略。     

面向思维进阶的初中新课程地理特征教学

地理特征是区域地理教学的核心内容之一,但教师在教学过程中易忽视对学生思维能力的培养,导致地理特征教学浮于表面,难以发展学生的高阶思维能力。本文基于思维进阶的视角,从空间尺度、地理要素、具象结构三个维度解构地理特征的内涵及思维进阶水平,梳理《义务教育地理课程标准（2022年版）》对地理特征教学的内容要求,并从地理特征教学的不同尺度区域和思维教学工具两个方面提出教学启示,以期帮助教师在地理特征教学时更好地培养学生的思维能力。     

《世界地理》教学中应用Webquest模式的实践与思考

Webquest是一个以探究为取向的学习活动。在高校《世界地理》教学中应用Webquest有利于丰富教学资源、及时更新教学内容,有利于培养学生综合分析区域地理问题的能力。教师可与传统的课堂教学相结合．采取多种途径灵活运用Webquest,提高学生使用信息分析问题、解决问题的能力。     

天文实践活动中培养初中生综合思维能力探究

综合思维是地理核心素养之一,是指人们在认识地理事物和现象时分析其中各地理要素之间相互作用的具有综合性质的思维和能力.针对初中生尚未建构地理知识结构、难以将地理知识与生活联系起来以及培养综合思维方式单一等问题,本文借助天文活动分别在要素综合、时空综合以及地方综合等方面结合教学实践,探讨了综合思维能力培养的策略.     

基于概念与问题深度融合的高中乡土地理研学探究

高中地理教学突出强调区域性和实践性,其中研学活动尤其注重培养学生的地理实践力.乡土地理教学内容的开发能够充分发挥地方性优势,实现地理教学走向生活化和实践化.本文依托安庆地区丰富的乡土地理资源,融合地理概念教学和问题探究式教学,分别从"教师引导式"和"学生自主式"两大视角,探究研学活动内容、活动实施、活动评价等各方面,实现乡土地理研学规范化、高效化.同时,针对研学实践过程进行反思探讨,进一步优化乡土研学设计.     

地理教学中的空间思维能力培养探讨——以南京都市圈为例

空间性是地理学的根本特征,地理空间思维能力的培养成为地理学科能力培养的重要内容。南京都市圈地跨苏皖两省,是培养学生空间思维能力的理想案例。本文通过南京都市圈地理位置、行政区划变更、与合肥都市圈空间关系三方面的教学设计,尝试在地理教学过程中逐步培养学生的空间思维能力。     

基于地理实践力培养的地理教学活动例析 ——以"月相观察"活动为例

由于对核心素养概念认知的差异、学校现实环境条件限制、教师教学综合能力限制等,基于培养学生地理实践力开展地理实践课堂的研究较为薄弱。本文以“月相观察”地理实践活动为例,探讨开展实践活动过程中学生和教师可能会遇到的问题,尝试探究优化开展实践活动的相关策略。     

现代教学技术辅助区域经济地理教学的探索与实践

计算机技术、多媒体技术、网络技术等的出现,改变了区域经济地理传统教学方法,利于广集区域经济地理教学信息,数据和空间信息快捷、综合处理;利于调动学生学习积极性,提高课堂教学效果,培养学生创新思维;利于分析问题和解决问题能力培养。现代教学技术仅是辅助教学的手段,它的选用应依学生的具体情况及教学内容而定。课件仅是教师传授与学生接受的教学媒介,需要教师在课堂上灵活运用。     

提高中学地理教师英语应用能力的策略

在教育国际化大背景下的中学地理课程改革,要求地理教师不仅要具有良好的专业素质,还应具备一定的外语应用及交流能力。本文在调查研究的基础上,了解了中学地理教师英语应用能力以及中学双语教学开展的现状,并分析其中的原因,从教师自身努力方面提出了加强英语应用能力的自主训练、常备英文原版教材并培养阅读习惯、积累地理专业术语的英语词汇并形成应用意识、检索积累和交流经典英文地理案例文献、积极开展地理双语教学实践等策略,同时从教育行政管理方面提出了师范教育要重视地理专业学生英语应用能力的提高、加强在岗地理教师英语应用能力的培训等一系列具体对策。     

开展综合实践 培养学生能力

新课程理念下的地理教学，要注重对地理问题的质疑和探究能力的培养。根据学生的心理发展规律，在进行地理教学时联系实际安排教学内容，引导学生从现实生活的经历与体验出发，激发学生地理学习的积极性，培养学生的科学精神与科学态度，增强学生的地理学习能力与研究能力，尤其要引导他们发现问题、积极探究、求异质疑，并在解决地理问题的过程中激发学生的潜能和创造力，培养学生的地理实践能力。     

Reconstructing the development of the geosystems of the Primorsky Range during the latter half of the Holocene

We examine the sequence of changes in the structure of the geosystems of the Primorsky Range (Baikal region) for the last 6000 years, based on a continuous recording of fluctuations of the vegetation reconstructed from spore-pollen complexes of a high peat bog. We determined the chronological timeframe of paleogeographical events. The study showed that there occurred a radical structure transformation of the geosystems in the mid-late Holocene, along with a recurrence of similar landscape transformations caused by the instability of natural conditions.     

On the origin of the seismic anisotropy of the lithosphere

Summary. It is known that flow in the mantle can produce preferred orientation in olivine crystals with seismic anisotropy as a consequence. Flow in the subcrustal lithosphere is unlikely because of the high viscosity. Lenses of high temperature and low-viscosity ( anomalous mantle ) are located under the crust in many tectonically active regions, and viscous flow can easily arise in such material resulting in seismic anisotropy. After cooling, such anomalous mantle acquires high viscosity and becomes incorporated into the lithospheric layer preserving the anisotropy produced by the flows which existed previously. The interaction of the stresses with cracks in the upper crust can be one of the causes of anisotropy in this layer.     

对沙漠化农田能转化效率及潜力的分析

我国北方东起黑龙江省嫩江地区, 吉林白城地区及辽宁西部, 包括内蒙兴安盟东南、哲里木、昭乌达、锡林郭勒、乌兰察布、伊克昭等盟的大部地区, 直至河北坝上、陕西榆林北部约26.7万平方公里的幅员范围内, 由于自然条件的特殊性(地表组成物质质地松散、沙粒成分比重很大及气候干旱、多大风, 且年内季风与周期性干旱相吻合), 加上人类不合理开发活动的影响, 成为我国目前沙漠化发展最活跃的地区, 其沙漠化土地近16.5万平方公里, 占全区总面积的61.5%。该地区有较长的经济开发史, 农、牧业相互影响, 交错分布的情况, 在历史上业已形成。据粗略统计, 该区范围内, 有旱作耕地近5, 000万亩, 多以传统的粗放的撂荒种植制进行经营, 长年遭受不同程度的风沙危害, 属于生产水平较为低下的农田类型。这些农田急待整治, 以便提高生产力。由于本区年均降水量在350-450毫米之间, 客观上具有发展旱作农业的可能性。如能合理经营、科学利用其自然资源, 将可能发展成为农、牧业结合的发达地区。从而对我国北方地区农业发展起促进作用。为了深化对沙漠化农田的认识, 揭示其生态失调的实质, 本文将就生态系统观点对其进行分析以寻求有效的整治沙漠化农田的途径。     

Direct determination of the characteristics of the currents responsible for the geomagnetic anomaly of the Rhinegraben

Summary. Previous geomagnetic measurements in the Rhinegraben have led us to assume that the responsible currents have the properties of direct currents and that they all flow in the sediments filling the graben. In order to verify these conclusions, we have performed measurements in a mine at a depth of 650 m. By comparing the field simultaneously recorded at the surface, in the mine and at the reference station, it is possible to deduce that the anomalous currents have the above mentioned properties.     

城市化的开发区模式研究

我国许多城市通过开发区建设,在短时间内完成了产业和人口的集聚,实现了城市地域空间和人口规模的跳跃性增长和产业结构的转型。由于在这种城市空间增长过程中,开发区建设起了决定作用,因此,这种以开发区带动整个地区城市化的方式可称为"开发区模式"。开发区驱动城市化的机制表现在开发区自身区域的城市化和开发区带动周围农村地区城市化两个层面,并具有快速跳跃性、外驱性和不稳定性、人为性、经济增长模式的单一性和基础设施建设的高标准性等特征。针对开发区建设中出现的问题,提出了促进其健康发展的建议。     

Chemical composition of waters and the phytoplankton of the lakes within the delta of the Selenga river

Field observations showed that the characteristics of chemical composition of waters and the development of plankton algae in the lakes within the delta of the Selenga river are determined by their flowage. The most open Lake Nekipelovskoe communicates with the Selenga outlets throughout a year, and Lake Zavernyaikha only at the period of an open channel. Lake Semenovskoe and Lake Khlystov Zaton are located in the islands and are isolated from the outlets. According to composition of main ions, the lakes under investigation refer to the hydrocarbonate class, the calcium group. The sum of ions in the water of Lake Nekipelovskoe approaches the one in the Selenga (86?221 mg/dm³), and the highest sums of ions were recorded in the wintertime in the lakes isolated from the outlets (446?743 mg/dm³). The lakes of the delta are characterized by a high trophicity. The maximum concentrations of total phosphorus in Lake Nekipelovskoe and Lake Zavernyaikha were 68 and 122 μg mg/dm³, and in Lake Semenovskoe and Lake Khlystov Zaton ?0.8 and ?0.63 μg mg/dm³, respectively. The most intense development of algae is observed in Lake Zavernyaikha, which is due to the high population of Baikal endemics. Lake Zavernyaikha showed a close negative correlation between the concentration of NO ₃ ^? , mineral phosphorus and phytoplankton biomass; the correlation coefficient was ?0.8 and ?0.63, respectively. The lakes exhibited increased contents readily hydrolysable organic matter, and a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration in winter; hydrogen sulfide was repeatedly recorded in Lake Khlystov Zaton. The water quality in the lakes during the springtime varies from “quite clean” to “weakly polluted”; at low-water periods, especially in winters, it can drop to the category of “exceedingly dirty”. The water quality of the Selenga can be influenced by the lakes during spring floods when material accumulated during the wintertime is transported to the river outlets and further to Lake Baikal.     

Transformation of the vegetation cover in the zone of air emissions from the enterprises of the city of Norilsk

The influence of air emissions from the enterprises of the city of Norilsk on the vegetation cover of adjacent territories was revealed. The categories of resistance of some plant species and communities to technogenic loads have been ascertained. The protective role of overmoistening of habitats was observed for plants.