东南极拉斯曼丘陵硼硅酸盐矿物组合硅硼镁铝矿-硼柱晶石-电气石的形成过程及其岩石学意义

东南极拉斯曼丘陵长英质片麻岩中产出大量的电气石-硼柱晶石-硅硼镁铝矿之硼硅酸盐矿物组合,这些矿物(电气石除外)的形成晚于变质峰期一般的硅酸盐矿物。电气石可多次出现,硅硼镁铝矿之后形成硼柱晶石,很少见两种以上的硼硅酸盐矿物能够同时结晶,各种硼硅酸盐矿物在同一期、甚至同一阶段内呈递进关系。在硼硅酸盐矿物的结晶过程中,B₂O₃和Al₂O₃较为活动从而SiO₂的活度相对受到抑制,即存在组分的分异和活性波动,表明络阴离子SiO₄^4-、PO₄^3-、BO₃^3-活动高峰并非同步因而,挥发分组分对深熔作用的影响可能是有限的;同时,结晶的金属阳离子组分不断发生分异。不同的硼硅酸盐矿物形成的介质条件有所差异:电气石形成于富钙的弱酸性溶液,硅硼镁铝矿应为近中-碱性溶液介质,而硼柱晶石形成于含少量氟的偏碱性介质环境。除温压因素外,流体挥发分种类和介质条件也影响到硼硅酸矿物的多期次、多阶段的变化,从而造成矿物组合的复杂性。本区长英质岩石中硼(B)及其他挥发分组分的较高含量可由原岩成分决定,亦可经由变质-深熔作用引起,即深熔作用时熔体的整体优先吸收硼(硼的第一次富集)及随后熔体结晶阶段的局部残留和富集硼(硼的第二次富集)。Gdd-Prs-Trn硼硅酸盐矿物组合的存在,表明发生了以脱水为主的高级变质作用,同时伴随强烈的深熔作用。挥发分组分在露头尺度体系中可能属于开放性质,而在更大尺度和范围内则基本封闭;在深熔作用中,硼等挥发分的存在影响了熔体的组成使得岩浆熔点降低、熔融成分调整粘度有所降低,更容易运移;而且,熔体可以携带这些挥发分,当熔体结晶时挥发分析出、结晶局部富集而形成硼硅酸盐矿物,尤其是沿着一些构造有利部位发生显著的聚集。     

南极中山站区电气石及其与变质作用的关系

南极中山站区的巨晶“电气石”实际上是柱晶石。电气石的确存在,但颗粒细小,含量较低。根据其颜色、成分和产出特征,至少可分为三种类型,不同的电气石与变质作用发展的不同阶段有关。电气石在麻粒岩相变质作用条件下能够稳定存在,与其它硼硅酸盐矿物（即硅硼镁铝矿和柱晶石）的缓冲作用有关。     

西藏错那洞电气石花岗岩中电气石化学组成、硼同位素特征及意义

为了对西藏错那洞电气石花岗岩源区进一步约束,利用显微镜、电子探针和激光剥蚀多接收等离子质谱仪,对错那洞电气石花岗岩中电气石的形态、成分及硼同位素组成进行了研究.结果表明,错那洞电气石花岗岩中的电气石为碱族黑/铁电气石,直接结晶自富硼熔体,与熔体之间未发生明显的硼同位素分馏.电气石δ11B值主要在-6.91‰^-9.17‰之间,与大陆地壳平均δ11B值(-10‰±3‰)相近,表明错那洞电气石花岗岩主要源自变质沉积岩的部分熔融.然而,与起源于变质沉积岩的花岗岩相比,样品的δ11B值明显偏高,而与前人报道的雅拉香波淡色花岗岩(源自石榴石角闪岩部分熔融)的δ11B值相似.因此,错那洞电气石花岗岩源区中,除了变质沉积岩外,可能还混入了少量石榴石角闪岩.     

辽东地区沉积变质硼矿床及硼同位素研究

辽东地区元古界硼矿床属于沉积变质硼矿。根据现代盐湖沉积 ,认为硼矿物沉积通常为硼砂 ,然后在区域变质作用过程中 ,硼砂矿物转变为硼镁矿物或硼铁矿等硼酸盐矿物 ,但辽东硼矿床中不同硼矿物的硼同位素有一定差别。电气石富10 B ,δ11B值较低或呈负值 ;而硼镁石与硼镁铁矿类矿物明显富集11B ,δ11B值较高 ,为 +2 3‰～ +17 4‰。根据水岩作用过程中硼同位素分馏特征的研究 ,11B与10 B比较有下列 4个特征 :( 1) 11B属于极不相容元素 ,优先进入水相 ,因此在变质残余矿物相中形成低的δ11B值 ;( 2 )在蚀变和交代变质反应中硅优先替代11B进入矿物晶格 ,因此在硅化交代中可以降低δ11B值 ,而脱硅反应中可以提高δ11B值 ;水化作用中 ,OH-带入11B ,使富水矿物具有较高的δ11B值 ;( 3)热水沉积及热液交代成因电气石均具有较低的δ11B值或者为负值 ;( 4)通过最近的研究表明 ,在热蒸馏过程中 ,硼同位素会发生明显的分馏 ,11B倾向于进入蒸汽相 ,而使残余相或后蒸馏相亏损11B ,形成较低的δ11B值。因此可以认为辽东地区元古界硼矿床属于热水沉积电气石岩在后期区域变质或热变质过程中分解出硼酸气水溶液交代镁碳酸盐形成硼镁石或硼镁铁矿矿物 ,而非蒸发沉积变质矿床。     

超高压变质作用不同阶段的流体变化：碧溪岭榴辉岩的氢、硼同位素分析

大别山碧溪岭榴辉岩中有三种含水矿物:多硅白云母、角闪石和黑云母,它们分别是超高压(UHP)阶段(即柯石英榴辉岩相阶段)或者石英榴辉岩相阶段、退变质后成合晶阶段和角闪岩相退变质阶段的产物,本文利用离子探针技术对它们进行了氢同位素和硼同位素的分析。三种矿物内部的同位素组成都是均一的,多硅白云母的δD为-105‰±9‰,δ~(11)B为-25.9‰±2.0‰;角闪石的δD为-100‰±9‰,δ~(11)B为-24.4‰±0.9‰;黑云母的δD为-65‰±4‰,δ~(11)B为-19.3‰±1.3‰。多硅白云母和角闪石的氢-硼同位素组成在误差范围内是相同的,而和黑云母则有明显的差别,这表明,从UHP阶段或者石英榴辉岩相阶段到随后的后成合晶阶段,变质流体是内部缓冲的,而在角闪岩相变质阶段,则有了外来流体的加入,这个流体是相对富集D和~(11)B的。碧溪岭榴辉岩矿物相对于其地壳原岩表现出低δ~(11)B的特征,说明俯冲过程中板块经历了强烈的脱硼。     

中条山地区铜矿峪斑岩铜钼矿床电气石硼同位素特征

硼同位素由于其稳定性,可以作为很好的源区示踪工具。本次采用LA-MC-ICP-MS方法对铜矿峪变斑岩型铜钼矿床绢英岩化带中的电气石硼同位素进行了原位测试。获得δ11 B值为-21.1‰~1.1‰,数据分布显示为相对富轻硼的(-16‰~-14‰)和相对富重硼的(-1.5‰~1.5‰)两个峰值。结合前人硼同位素储库比对分析,铜矿峪铜钼矿床显示了大陆热液系统的硼同位素组成特征。铜矿峪铜钼矿床富轻硼的峰值特征很可能由火山岩围岩提供。相对富重硼峰值很可能是铜矿峪成矿花岗闪长斑岩和花岗闪长岩提供。铜矿峪铜钼矿床的电气石硼同位素特征相对于其他斑岩型铜矿床及IOCG矿床明显更富集轻硼,显示了该矿床成矿中有大量陆壳的硼加入。     

硼及硼同位素地球化学在地质研究中的应用

总结了硼及硼同位素的地球化学特征：（１）硼是易溶元素,主要赋存在地球表层,尤其是海水、海相沉积物及海水交代岩石中。其同位素组成δ１１Ｂ值按顺序变化,封闭盐湖卤水（＞４０‰）＞海水（３９５‰）＞海相硼矿物（１８２‰～３１７３‰）＞海相沉积物（１３９‰～２５２‰）＞海水交代岩石（４５１‰～１０８５‰）。大陆水及陆相沉积物硼含量及硼同位素组成变化极大,并多以负值为主。海陆过渡构造带则具有过渡的硼丰度值和硼同位素组成。（２）１１Ｂ较１０Ｂ具有更活跃的地球化学性质,因此在水岩作用中具有明显的同位素交换。硅化交代作用中,岩石被硅化交代,释放硼,并优先释放重硼,同位素组成变轻;在脱硅反应中,岩石释放硅吸收硼,并优先吸收重硼,同位素组成变重。在封闭体系中,水溶液淋滤岩石中部分的硼,即可大量富集,并富集１１Ｂ;在开放体系中,岩石硼被大量淋滤流失,δ１１Ｂ值明显降低。由于水岩作用的结果,从新鲜海底玄武岩到正常海水,硼同位素值从－２９５‰到３９５‰逐渐升高。（３）变质脱水反应中硼被大量排出,并优先排出重硼同位素,进入流体相,因此随着变质程度由低到高,岩石中硼含量及同位素组成δ１１Ｂ值由高变低。（４）在成矿研究中?     

辽东翁泉沟硼镁铁矿矿床海相蒸发成因：来自稳定同位素地球化学证据

翁泉沟硼镁铁矿矿床呈层状赋存于南辽河群里尔裕组火山_沉积地层下部的钙镁硅酸盐岩中,是一个大型含铀硼镁铁矿矿床。文章运用LA_MC_ICP_MS硼同位素微区原位测试技术和MC_ICP_MS酸溶法硼同位素测试技术,获得硼镁铁矿矿石中δ11B值为6.9‰~8.2‰;硼镁石δ11B值为7.4‰~7.8‰;变粒岩(上盘)内电气石的δ11B值为4.2‰~4.8‰;蛇纹石化碳酸盐岩中的δ11B值为7.6‰~9.4‰。镁铁矿矿石内磁黄铁矿的δ34SV_CDT值为12.3‰~13.2‰,矿体上下层位中的蛇纹石化大理岩δ13CV_PDB值为-4.6‰~1.8‰,矿床外围同层位的大理岩δ13CV_PDB值为-1.2‰~0.1‰。文章结合该矿床内成矿地层中的蛇纹石化镁质大理岩、橄榄玄武岩和硼镁铁矿的共生关系,认为辽东地区硼酸盐矿床中的硼最初来自富硼海水,后经蒸发和变质作用而形成硼酸盐矿床。     

直接熔融热电离质谱法测定硼酸盐矿物中的硼同位素组成

为简化一些硼同位素样品的前处理过程,本文用直接熔融法,即待测样品直接在电离带上进行熔融后测定其硼同位素值。本文测定了柱硼镁石、电气石、钠硼解石、碳化硼、硼化硅等几种含硼化合物中的硼同位素组成,并与传统的溶样方法进行了比较。结果表明,直接熔融法可以快速且高精度测定上述几种化合物中硼同位素组成,相对内精度小于0.05‰,为此类含硼化合物的硼同位素测定提供了一种新的测试方法。     

营口后仙峪硼矿容矿火山-热水沉积岩系特征

营口后仙峪硼矿的容矿岩系由海相酸性火山凝灰岩夹热水沉积岩组成。二者在垂向上呈韵律状互层，横向上相变过渡，类似复理石构造。凝灰岩呈镶嵌粒状变晶结构、筛状变晶结构、条纹条带状构造，主要由钾长石和电气石组成(钾长石50％-90％，电气石5％-30％)，在化学成分上以富B和K为特征(B2O3 2．0％-2．2%，K2O 7．2％-9．4%)，其微量元素组成及硼同位素组成( 3．9‰- 4．5‰)均与火山岩一致。热水沉积岩主要形成于火山活动的间歇期，包括富硼硅质岩、富硅的镁质碳酸盐岩和含水镁硼酸盐矿体。它们具有条纹条带状构造和变余结核-球状构造，化学成分以富B、Mg和Si为特征，微量元素组成和含量与火山岩相似，而稀土配分模式与海相化学沉积岩相似，特别是硼矿石的硼同位素组成( 9．6‰- 11．1‰)与电英岩中电气石的值( 9．2‰- 9．7‰)十分相似，证明硼矿床为热水沉积成因。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of