新疆西风区黄土与古土壤磁化率变化特点

在东部季风区的黄土研究中,磁化率是反映季风区气候变化的重要替代性指标之一,但关于中国西风区黄土磁化率的研究至今仍然为空白。通过对新疆典型的西风区——伊犁地区现代土壤和两个典型剖面黄土与古土壤序列磁化率研究发现,两个剖面黄土与古土壤磁化率特征存在差别。地处荒漠草原地带的则克台黄土剖面中马兰黄土的磁化率值略高于弱成壤层,末次间冰期古土壤层的上部磁化率也低于黄土,与东部季风区相比黄土磁化率偏高;而位于草原地带的库尔德能布拉克剖面黄土磁化率为低值,古土壤为高值,表现出与东部季风区类似的变化特点。两个黄土剖面所反映的磁化率的区域差异在一定程度上揭示了气候对磁化率变化的控制作用,但另一方面也反映了该区磁化率物理意义的复杂性。提出虽然在西风区黄土记录研究中不能简单套用东部季风区的方法,但磁化率和碳酸盐含量在西风区可指示湿度变化。     

西北地区晚第四纪黄土地层与环境

在中国西北地区的高山、高原与内陆干旱沙漠的交界带(半干旱区),沉积有一定厚度的晚第四纪黄土,厚度从几米到40～50m,1.5×10~6a以来的黄土地层可分为6段,分别为:S_0,全新世古土壤,时代<8.5×10~3a.B.P.;L_(1-1),上马兰黄土层,0.85～2.5(2.1～2.7)×10~4a.B.P.;Sm,马兰黄土中部古土壤层,2.5×10~4～5.4×10~4a.B.P.;L_(1-2),下马兰黄土层,5.4×10~4～8×10~4a.B.P.;S_1,离石黄土顶部古土壤层,即末次间冰期古土壤,8×10~4～1.4×10~5a.B.P.;L_2,离石黄土,即倒数第二次冰期形成的黄土,>1.4×10~5a.B.P.黄土与石土壤层的磁化率值相差数倍。黄土地层磁化率曲线可做为气候变化的代用指标。位于兰州附近的临夏黄土地层剖面,其环境变化信息记录的精度可与深海和南极Vostok冰芯对比。     

临夏塬堡黄土剖面中晚马兰黄土地层划分和形成时代

通过对位于黄土高原西部区临夏塬堡中晚马兰黄土剖面地层岩性、代用指标及地层年代学的分析研究．认为该研究剖面存在1个强成壤层和6个弱成壤层．记录了1个间冰期6个间冰段和7个冰段事件。其中马兰黄土中部3层古土壤是末次冰期间冰段的记录，尤以下层古土壤发育最好，上层次之，中部古土壤的发育介于二者之间，表明即便是气候较温湿的间冰段．其气候的温湿程度也是有差异的。色度指标中的亮度不仅可参与地层划分．与CaCOx、频率磁化率有很好的相关关系，而且是一个可靠的、更为敏感的气候环境变化代用指标。     

中国西风区黄土常量元素地球化学行为与古环境

位于中国西风区新疆伊犁盆地黄土与古土壤样品的常量元素分析表明，其烧失量和SiO2含量与样品的碳酸盐含量正相关。黄土与古土壤SiO2含量没有明显差别，但Al、Fe、Mn和K在古土壤中发生一定的分异，代表了相对强的成壤作用。与黄土高原相比，伊犁盆地 末次间冰期古土壤富钛、铁、锰、镁和钙（个别样品除外），而黄土高原S1更加贫钠和钾，而且钙含量很低；末次冰期黄土富锰、镁和钙，贫纳和钾，而黄土高原L1以富钙贫钠、钾为特征。常量元素地球化学行为揭示，伊犁黄土与古土壤较黄土高原同期黄土与古土壤形成于更加干旱的气候环境中。     

末次冰期-间冰期旋回朝那黄土颜色特征及古气候意义北大核心CSCD

对黄土高原中部朝那剖面末次冰期-间冰期旋回黄土-古土壤序列色度指标与磁化率对比研究后发现,亮度L*值与Hm(赤铁矿)和Gt(针铁矿)的比值相关性较好,在S0和L1阶段其与Hm和Gt的比值呈正相关,在S1阶段为负相关。红度a*与Hm和Gt的比值有较强的正相关关系,反映土壤发育时期的水热条件。而黄度b*与针铁矿的相关性较好,与低频磁化率χlf使用可以更好地反映土壤的发育程度。色度指标在变化频率和幅度上较磁化率大,能很好地识别S1阶段弱黄土-古土壤层。     

黄土不同指标的古环境意义探讨

在确认“黄土也是古土壤”的前提下,对新近发现的位于黄土高原西北部沙漠黄土边界带的彭阳剖面进行了烧失量、色度、磁化率、粒度、CaCO3等环境变化代用指标的系统测试。通过建立土壤发育指数和红化指数,探讨了各指标与古土壤发育强度之间的关系。根据古土壤的发育强度,初步建立了800 ka BP生态脆弱区的高分辨率环境图谱。此图谱与公认的海洋氧同位素曲线、洛川剖面可以进行良好的对比,并揭示出更多的环境变化信息。     

湖北郧县辽瓦店黄土剖面风化特征及其对气候变化的响应

对湖北郧县辽瓦店剖面的沉积学特征及磁化率、粒度、Rb、Sr含量等理化指标进行了研究。结果表明:辽瓦店剖面自下而上具有马兰黄土(L₁)-过渡层(L_t)-古土壤(S₀)-全新世黄土(L₀)-表土(TS)地层序列;不同地层单元的风化成壤差异明显,其成壤强弱顺序为古土壤S₀成壤最强、全新世黄土L₀和过渡层L_t次之、马兰黄土L₁最弱。成壤强弱的变化揭示出该区晚更新世末期(11 500 a BP以前)气候干冷,全新世早期(11 500~8 500 a BP)气候处于晚更新世干冷向全新世中期暖湿的过渡阶段,全新世中期(8 500~3 100 a BP)气候最为温暖湿润,全新世晚期(3 100 a BP以来)气候转为干冷且逐渐恶化的变化过程。     

新疆伊犁地区黄土与古土壤的微结构及矿物成分分析

利用偏光显微镜对伊犁地区新源县则克台剖面黄土与古土壤进行分析,观察到黄土的微结构为粉砂细粒支架－镶嵌孔隙－斑状胶结类型,古土壤则属于砂粉土分散－镶嵌斑状－基底胶结类型。二者的矿物种类差异不大,只是相对含量有所变化。古土壤中原生矿物略有减少,次生、蚀变矿物含量相应增加,铁染较普遍,加外,溶解－再沉淀作用常使矿物细粒化,或形成粘土矿物和次生碳酸钙的微粒集合体和微晶充填在次生大孔隙中。这些特征在黄土中料     

青藏高原东北缘拉脊山南坡黄土剖面的土壤发育特征

以青藏高原东北缘的拉脊山南坡一黄土剖面(P - 22)为研究对象,分析了古土壤层和现代土壤层的发育特征,讨论了其环境指示意义以及作为土壤母质的黄土的可能来源.初步结果显示:(1)与黄土高原、青海湖周边以及附近盆地的黄土相比,拉脊山南坡的黄土具有粘粒含量偏高、CaCO3含量偏低的特点.(2)P -22剖面古土壤层的母质为...     

夏季风降水在我国西北地区不同粒级方解石记录上的反映

碳酸盐含量一直被作为指示干旱和季风变化的良好指标,但其发生与夏季风降雨的关系始终没有得到明确的科学证明。通过西北黄土覆盖区到物源区现代土壤、全新世古土壤S0和末次冰期最盛期黄土L1中不同粒级方解石含量的系统分析,揭示出中、粗粒级方解石含量少、变化小和无规律性,而＜2 μm粒级的细粒方解石含量高、变化大,且规律性强。现代土壤和古土壤S0淋溶层中的细粒方解石含量随降水量的增大而降低,黄土L1中方解石的含量变化则没有明显的规律性,与方解石总量和碳酸盐含量变化类似。这表明细粒方解石含量是导致方解石总量和碳酸盐含量变化的主体,代表了成壤时期形成的次生方解石,反映了成壤作用的强度和夏季风降水的变化。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

Assessment of GIAHS in Shizuoka: The Traditional Tea-grass Integrated System

<正>1 Introduction In 2013,Chagusaba,which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka,were accepted as new world heritage site of agriculture.Shizuoka prefecture occupies a variety of elevations,from 0 to 3000m or more above sea level.Because of the diversity of land features and climates,this area produces 167 agricultural commodities.In addition,a lot of traditional agriculture and over200 local native varieties of crops have been conserved in Shizuoka     

ERAHS: A New Platform for the Exchange of Regional Information and Experience on Agricultural Heritage Systems

<正>There are more than 10000 years of agricultural development history in the world that has provided very fruitful and ingenious traditional knowledge and experiences reflecting the evolution of humanity and the nature.In2002,the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)initiated an international partnership initiative of"Conservation and Adaptive Management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The City in Cultural Context . John Agnew, John Mercer, David Sopher, eds. Soils and Geomorphology Peter W. Birkeland. Urbanization and Settlement Systems, International Perspectives . L. S. Bourne, R. Sinclair, and K. Dziewoński. eds. An Introduction to Urban Historical Geography . Harold Carter. Overshoot, The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change . William J. Catton, Jr. Rivers of the World . Eberhard Czaya. Jewish Communities in Frontier Societies: Argentina, Australia and South Africa . Daniel J. Elazar with Peter Medding. Color in Public Spaces: Toward a Communication-Based Theory of the Urban Built Environment. Kenneth E. Foote. Spatial Statistics and Models. Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott, eds. Mega-Geomorphology. Rita Gardner and Helen Scoging, eds. Technological Change and Regional Development. Gillespie, ed. The Arid Lands: Their Use and Abuse. R. L. Heathcote. The Location of Industry in Britain. A. G. Hoare. Groundwater as a Geomorphic Agent . R. G. LaFleur, ed. Rural Public Services: International Comparisons. Richard E. Lonsdale and Gyorgy Enyedi, eds. Saving Water in a Desert City. William E. Martin, Helen M. Ingram, Nancy K. Laney, and Adrian H. Griffin. Water Resources: Distribution, Use and Management. John R. Mather. Transnationals and the Third World: The Struggle for Culture. Armand Mattelart. South Hadley, MA: USGS Digital Cartographic Data Standards. R. B. McEwen, R. E. Witmer, and B. S. Ramey, eds. The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder, CO: Women, Men, and the International Division of Labor. June Nash and Maria Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, eds. Nuclear Power: Assessing and Managing Hazardous Technology. Martin J. Pasqualetti and K. David Pijawka, eds. Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science 1815-1840. Elizabeth Chalmers Patterson. An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology. John Pethick. Late Quaternary Environments of the United States , Vol. 1, The Late Pleistocene. Stephen C. Porter, ed. Planning and Ecology. R. D. Roberts and T. M. Roberts, eds. Regionalism and the Pacific Northwest. William G. Robbins, Robert J. Frank, and Richard E. Ross, eds. Environment and Health. Anthony J. Rowland and Paul Cooper. Sunbelt/Snowbelt: Urban Development and Regional Restructuring. Larry Sawers and William K. Tabb, eds. The Bad Earth. Environmental Degradation in China. Vaclav Smil. Armonk, NY: Voyage into Substance: Art, Science, Nature, and the Illustrated Travel Account, 1760–1840. Barbara Maria Stafford. The Institute of British Geographers: The First Fifty Years. Robert W. Steel. Visions of the Past. Christopher Taylor and Richard Muir. Glacial Lake Agassiz. J. T. Teller and Lee Clayton, eds. The Tule Breakers: The Story of the California Dredge. John Thompson and Edward A. Dutra. The Balkan City 1400–1900. Nikolai Todorov. Explanation, Prediction and Planning: the Lowry model. Michael J. Webber. Mercedes Reales: Hispanic Land Grants of the Upper Rio Grande Region. Victor Westphall. The World Atlas of Revolutions. Andrew J. M. Wheatcroft. The West European City, A Social Geography. Paul White. Urban Elites and Mass Transportation. J. Allen Whitt. Princeton, NJ: Urban Life In Contemporary China. Martin King Whyte and William L. Parish. The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union. David Wilson. London and Canberra: Rethinking Geographical Inquiry. J. David Wood, ed.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Journal of Resources and Ecology Total Contents of Volume 5, 2014

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BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .