小秦岭地区早前寒武纪地层划分与对比

小秦岭地区系指陕西蓝田坝河—洛南洛河—线以北,关中渭河以南,豫西熊耳山以西的广大山区。区内早前寒武纪地层分布广泛,发育完整,层序清楚,接触关系明显,蕴藏有较丰富的矿产资源,是研究早前寒武纪地层较理想的地区之一。自1965年以来,我们在该区进行了大量的地质矿产调查工作。于原秦岭区域地质测量队所划太华群“下”部(实际属上部,下同)铁洞沟组之下,发现了一套变中基性火山岩夹片麻岩和石英岩及其底部的角度不整合面,新获得一批同位素年龄数据,确定了晚太古代和早元古代地层的存在,为建立小秦岭地区早前寒武纪地层层序、划分与     

吉林南部通化地区古元古代辽吉花岗岩的侵位年代与形成构造背景

辽吉南部古元古代花岗岩极为发育,其中最著名的是具有条痕状构造的正长花岗岩,俗称辽吉花岗岩。因该花岗岩具有条带状、条痕状和似层状构造特征,而被前人认为是由太古宙或元古宙沉积地层经变质变形作用形成,或是交代成因的混合岩。本文通过对分布于吉林南部通化地区辽吉花岗岩的典型代表一钱桌沟岩体的详实野外地质填图及地球化学研究,确定该岩体属岩浆成因的“A”型花岗岩,其岩浆侵位年龄为2160Ma左右。结合目前获得的该区古元古代地层的碎屑锆石年龄,本文认为辽吉花岗岩是辽吉地区古元古代地层沉积的基底岩石,是地层沉积之前地壳拉张作用的结果,属于一种非造山型花岗岩。     

辽吉地区前寒武纪层控矿床硫、铅同位素特征及矿床成因

辽吉地区前寒武纪地层广泛分布,其中蕴藏着丰富的铁、锰、铜、金、铅、锌、镍、钴、镁、硼、硫、磷、砷、石墨、石棉、滑石、大理石及稀有、稀土和放射性元素等多种矿产。上述矿产中有若干矿种或矿床类型具有明显的层控特征。近几年来,笔者在从事金矿床同位素地质学研究的同时,积累了一批该地区铁、铜、铅、锌及黄铁矿矿床的硫、铅同位素数据。现整理成文,以供探讨。     

河北宽城中元古代串岭沟组凝灰岩SHRIMP锆石U Pb年龄及其地质意义

通过对采自河北宽城地区串岭沟组上部火山凝灰岩锆石的U-Pb SHRIMP定年,首次获得河北宽城地区中元古代串岭沟组沉积年龄为1621±12 Ma,结合近年来华北地区一系列SHRIMP锆石 U-Pb年龄数据,探讨该地区地层柱的年代学标定。为中国地层委员会对前寒武纪地层年表进行重新标定,即长城系（Ch, 1.8~1.6 Ga）,提供了河北宽城地区中元古代地层新的数据。     

试谈辽东地区寻找前寒武纪不整合脉型和层控型铀矿床的地质条件

辽东地处华北地台的东北部,是前寒武纪地层较发育的地区。我们试图借鉴加拿大、澳大利亚等国不整合脉型和层控型铀矿床的成矿地质背景分析辽东地区铀成矿的地质条件,探索新的成矿类型,以求有所突破。     

锶、碳同位素演化在新元古代地层定年中的应用——以胶辽徐淮地层分区为例

根据Sr、C同位素地层学原理，利用胶辽徐淮地区晚前寒武纪地层Sr、C同位素数据，与国际上已有的Sr、C同位素演化曲线对比，结果表明，胶辽徐淮地区晚前寒武纪地层是同一时期的沉积物，沉积主体之间Sr、C同位素比值的对比性很好，沉积时限约在750-860Ma之间，并延续到震旦纪，为北方青白口纪及其后的沉积。同时也表明，Sr、C同位素演化相结合是解决缺乏大化石的晚前寒武纪地层对比的有效方法。     

本溪地区康家组石英砂岩中碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及沉积物源时代限定

正1研究目的(Objective)辽宁本溪地区是胶辽地块中发育新元古代地层的典型地区之一,但是对该地区新元古代地层的年代学研究相对较少,缺少足够的年代学数据,导致了区域上前寒武纪地层年代学的研究存在争议。本文对本溪地区新元古界上部康家组石英砂岩中的碎屑锆石进行了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测定,在对其沉积物源进行分析的同时,也为该地区新元古代地层的年代学研究提供了新的思路和     

辽东半岛～2．2 Ga 岩浆事件及其地质意义

本文报道了辽东半岛古元古代胶—辽—吉活动带内辽河群变质火山岩和辽吉花岗岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和地球化学数据。变质安山岩的锆石具典型的岩浆振荡环带结构和较高的Th/U值(0.5),锆石U-Pb年龄为(2 182±6)Ma和(2 229±22)Ma,该年龄可代表安山岩的形成年龄。辽吉花岗岩的锆石同样具有典型的岩浆振荡环带结构和较高的Th/U值(0.3),锆石U-Pb年龄为(2 199±10)Ma,代表花岗岩的侵位时代,在误差范围内与辽河群火山岩喷发时代一致,表明辽吉花岗岩并不是辽河群的基底,二者可能为同一次岩浆作用过程的产物。辽东半岛~2.2Ga岩浆事件的识别及性质,对于正确认识古元古代胶—辽—吉活动带的属性至关重要。结合前人有关辽东半岛前寒武纪岩石的研究成果,本文研究认为胶—辽—吉活动带的形成演化可能与弧-陆碰撞有关。     

从Rb—Sr及K—Ar年龄测定讨论某些前寒武系及中生代火山岩地层的时代

近几年来,为配合寻找富铁矿及其他科研任务,对冀东、辽东、豫西、川西等地的前寒武系,及庐枞、宁芜、繁昌和浙西等地的中生代火山岩地层进行了同位素年龄测定和研究。在所内外的大力支持协助下,进行了野外观察和采样,同时接受了所内外兄弟单位送来的样品及有关地层资料。我们对这些样品进行了同位素年龄测定。冀东、辽东、豫西和川西前寒武纪地层的样品,主要用Rb-Sr全岩等时线法,其中对川西的样品并用了少数K-Ar法。对庐枞、宁芜、繁昌和浙西的中生代地层样品,主要用K-Ar法。对浙西的个别样品并用了Rb-Sr全岩等时线法。对测定得到的部分年龄数据,以前曾以不同方式报道。     

辽河群时代探讨

笔者通过参加编写辽宁早前寒武纪地层典,对近年来争论的辽河群时代问题有一点粗浅的看法。研究和解决辽河群时代问题,对探讨辽东前寒武纪构造演化具有一定的实际意义。因此,本文拟就这一问题作一初步讨论。一、辽河群的由来和发展辽东前寒武纪地层最初被划分为太古界片麻岩结晶片岩和前寒武纪层,或者是太古界片麻结晶岩片岩和前寒武纪下部层与前寒武纪上部层。嗣后,斋藤林次创建辽河系,指出辽河系相当于前寒武纪下部层。辽河群是由辽河系演变来的,其发生和发展的主要过程见表1。     

新疆北部前寒武系划分和对比

库鲁克塔格是新疆北部前寒武系分布较广,地层层序相对完整的地区.作者以库鲁克塔格为地层模型区,以同位素第龄为格架,初步确定了本区群级地层单元的界线及归属.在岩石地层、生物地层、化学地层等各种方法相互印证的基础上,建立并完善了前寒武纪的地层层序.     

Isotopic-geochronological systems in metamorphic rocks: Pon’goma Island,Belomorian mobile belt

Several isotopic methods (U-Pb, Sm-Nd, Rb-Sr, and K-Ar) were applied to different rock-forming and accessory minerals to decipher the chronology of events in a separate segment of the Belomorian mobile belt. Enderbites intruded supracrustal rocks at 2.73 Ga and granodiorites were emplaced at 2.41 Ga. Immediately afterwrads, a permeable schistosity zone was formed along the enderbite-granodiorite contact. Isotopic data indicate that this zone served as a pathway for heat and fluid. The retrograde stage of regional metamorphism and subsequent cooling continued from 1.89 Ga till ～ 1.46 Ga.The cooling rate of the Pon’goma Island rocks is similar to that of other Precambrian complexes and amounted to ～1.5⁰/Ma, which is consistent with previous data on the northern segment of the Belomorian belt. Based on isotopic geochronological data, two tectonometamorphic scenarios can be proposed for the evolution of the Belomorian belt. The first scenario suggests long-term regional metamorphism, i.e., lengthy residence of the Archean and Lower Proterozoic rocks at a significant depth and high temperatures. Geochronological data for different systems (U-Pb, Sm-Nd, Rb-Sr, and K-Ar) suggest Caledonian hydrothermal cryptometamorphic processes. However the rocks of this age are absent from the study area.     

The Santa Catarina Granulite Complex of Southern Brazil: A Review

The Santa Catarina granulite complex (SCGC) is mainly composed of intermediate to felsic orthogneisses of trondhjemitic, tonalitic and granodioritic compositions (TTG) intruded by subsidiary basic-ultrabasic rocks, and a small metasedimentary component. The ortho-derived rocks belong to different igneous suites. Nd model ages TDM of 2.7-2.8 Ga date the first major mantle-crust differentiation in the area, while 2.6 Ga Rb-Sr whole rock isochron ages in both depleted and undepleted granulites and Nd model ages of 2.4-2.3 Ga record subsequent magmatic events. Regional granulite-facies which reached 800°C at ca. 5-8 kb finished at 2.3 Ga according to U-Pb zircon and Sm-Nd mineral isochron ages, and was also followed by a regional amphibolite facies metamorphism at 2.0 Ga, recorded by Pb-Pb, Rb-Sr whole rock isochrons in rocks with little orthopyroxene and predominant amphibole. Tectonic stabilization was complete at the end of the Transamazonian Cycle at 1.9 Ga as indicated by K-Ar mineral ages, and apart from local reactivation along faults at the margins of the complex and granite intrusion, the SCGC was not affected by the Neoproterozoic Brasiliano Cycle, during which it acted as a microplate and was incorporated onto the eastern border of the Paraná Craton. Isotopic and geochemical characteristics of Brasiliano crustal granites which intrude the complex suggest that it is not an adequate source for the melts, and thus the SCGC may be underlain by different Paleoproterozoic (2.0 Ga) crustal material.     

月球同位素地质年代学与月球演化

同位素地质年代学是月球形成与演化研究的重要工具。目前对月岩和月球陨石的研究积累了大量的同位素年代学资料,其测试的主要方法包括K—Ar、Ar_Ar、Rh-sr、Sm—Nd、Lu—Hf、Re-0s、Pb—Pb和U—Pb等。根据目前获得的资料,本文对月球上不同类型岩石的形成年龄进行了总结,发现月球高地岩石主要形成于45～38亿年,而月海玄武岩相对年轻,大致形成于38～31亿年。根据这-年代资料,结合对月岩样品进行的短半衰期Hf-W与Sin-Nd同位素体系的研究结果,认为月球大致形成于45亿年,其后开始由岩浆海导致的内部核-幔-壳的分异,岩浆结晶的低密度斜长岩构成最初的月壳,而密度大的岩石构成月幔,而此月幔则成为后来月海玄武岩的主要岩浆源区。同时指出了当前月岩同位素地质年代学存在的问题,并根据技术进展的情况,对未来月岩同位素年代学的发展趋势作了全面的分析．     

同位素地质学定年方法评述

详细分析了当前同纱年代学的常用定年方法，如K-Ar法，U-Pb法，Rb-Sr法和Sm-Nd法等的适用性和局限性。讨论了地质事件定年过程中存在的一些问题，提出了准确定年的注意事项。     

油气成藏^40Ar-^39Ar定年难题与可行性分析

油气成藏作用伴生的矿物种类少,主要为碳酸盐矿物,以及少量石英和黄铁矿等,这些矿物均不适合用传统同位素年代学方法进行年龄测定,因此,油气成藏年龄是同位素年代学尚未解决的一大科学难题。^40Ar-^39Ar（K-Ar）法是可能应用于油气成藏年龄测定的首选同位素定年方法。从^40Ar-^39Ar法的优点和实验技术的角度,讨论了油气田样品^40Ar-^39Ar定年面临的主要技术难题、测定对象、测定方法和可行性。有机杂质气体纯化装置的研制成功,为开展油气成藏^40Ar-^39Ar年代学研究,并获得可靠的同位素年龄数据奠定了实验技术基础。     

河北矾山钾质碱性超镁铁岩-正长岩杂岩体的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄

作为华北陆块北缘的碱性岩体之一,河北矾山钾质碱性超镁铁岩-正长岩杂岩体赋存着中国最大的内生磁铁矿-磷灰石矿床。关于其形成时代,已经发表的K-Ar、Rb-Sr和Sm-Nd法定年结果差别较大,因此需要采用更精确的定年方法限定岩体的形成时代。通过对矾山杂岩体的辉石正长岩样品进行SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年,得到了218±2Ma的结果。由于定年样品取自构成矾山杂岩体主体、形成最晚的第三岩相带,这个年龄限定矾山杂岩体形成于晚三叠世。现有的锆石U-Pb年代学资料表明,晚三叠世侵入岩在华北陆块北缘、东缘、南缘普遍存在,成为中国东部晚三叠世构造-岩浆活动的显著特征之一。     

黄陵变质地区的同位素地质年代及地壳演化

研究表明,黄陵变质地区崆岭群是神农架群之下的古老结晶基底,其中、下部为典型的孔兹岩系。作者首次在崆岭群孔兹岩系地层中取得可信度较高的锆石UPb一致线年龄2332Ma。同时利用K-Ar稀释法和Rb-Sr全岩等时线法获得的年龄值分别为1891和2010Ma.。这些数据证实,崆岭群属下元古界。由此认为,黄陵变质地区及扬子地台结晶基底的形成时代绝不是中晚元古,而是早元古初期。     

Neoproterozoic Taymyr Ophiolitic Belts and Opening of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean

The Taymyr Neoproterozoic ophiolites are located within the Precambrian accretionary belt, which occurs between the Siberian continent and the Kara continental block. Petrological-geochemical studies suggest that the formation of ophiolites reflects an ensimatic marginal-sea geodynamic environment. Zircon U-Pb dating and Sm-Nd isotopic study suggest a Neoproterozoic age for the plagiogranite from the Chelyuskin ophiolite belt. We regard the zircon U-Pb age (740 Ma) as the upper age boundary for the formation of the ophiolites and the Sm-Nd model age (850 to 785 Ma) as its lower boundary. Data on Sm-Nd, Rb-Sr, Ar-Ar, and K-Ar isotopic systems in garnet amphibolites from the Stanovoy ophiolite belt allowed us to establish the age interval of their metamorphism, ～600 Ma, as the time of obduction of ophiolites and the entire accretionary belt onto the Siberian craton margin. Age data on island-arc volcanics and plagiogranites as well as diabase dikes and sills, traced from the Canadian Cordillera through the Yukon and Franklin belts of North America and further through the Alaska-Chukchi block to Taymyr, may be indicative of the opening of the northern Paleo-Pacific at ～800 Ma.     

Geochronometry of the Middle Paleozoic volcanics of the Omolon Massif in Northeast Asia: A comparison of the K-Ar, Rb-Sr, and U-Pb data and their geological interpretation

The results of the K-Ar, Rb-Sr, and U-Pb (SHRIMP zircon method) dating of the Middle Paleozoic volcanogenic rocks of the Omolon Massif are summarized. It was concluded that they are principally consistent with each other, as well as with the geological data. The formation of the Kedon Group, which makes up the main volume of the Middle Paleozoic volcanics, began at the Early-Middle Devonian boundary about 400 Ma ago (U-Pb dates of 400.5 ± 4.4 and 387 ± 6.4; Rb-Sr isochron age of 402 ± 6 Ma). The isotopic age of the upper boundary of the Kedon Group remains unclear due to disagreements concerning its stratigraphic assignment. The histogram based on the 111 K-Ar dates of the volcanic rocks from the Kedon Group gives a polymodal distribution, which indicates that the K-Ar isotopic system was disturbed by thermal events, which occurred 310–290 (terminal Carboniferous—beginning of the Permian) and 240–220 (Middle-beginning of the Late Triassic) Ma ago. Both thermal events were associated with mantle (ultrabasic-basic) magmatism, which spanned a significantly wider territory than the distribution area of the Kedon Group