贵州内生矿产矿床类型及成矿作用

本文以《中国矿产地质志·贵州卷》研编成果为基础,对贵州内生矿产的矿床(成因/工业)类型进行了划分,包含一、二、三级矿床类型,并对贵州省主要内生矿产的矿床类型、成矿环境、成矿作用、含矿地质体及矿床式、主要产区等进行综合分析、整理和汇编,揭示出它们在贵州省所表现出来独有的特性。同时,对内生矿产中矿床类型及成矿作用等认识较薄弱或有争议的矿种进行了分析讨论。     

中国矿产地质志研编阶段性进展

《国土资源“十三五”规划纲要》要求“编制矿产地质志,全面反映矿产勘查成果和成矿规律”。国土资源部、中国地质调查局部署实施了《中国矿产地质志》研编工作,志书由“志、图、库、普”四部分组成。研编开展至今已有4年,46个全国性重点单矿种志书及30部省级志书,区域成矿规律总结和一些重要的专题研究等志书各项研编工作得到全部部署,矿产地质志研编取得实质性进展     

贵州硅质原料类矿产地质特征及找矿方向

本文以《中国矿产地质志·贵州卷》项目为依托,对贵州硅质原料类矿产的种类、矿床类型及地质特征、找矿方向进行了系统分析研究。重点认为:贵州硅质原料类矿产的种类主要有石英砂岩,其次有粉石英和脉石英。主要矿床类型包括机械沉积型矿床(石英砂岩,细分为河湖沉积矿床和滨海沉积矿床两个亚类)、风化型矿床(粉石英)、浅成中—低温热液型矿床(脉石英),它们的成矿作用及含矿地质体、分布区域、矿床地质特征等各不相同。从而,先后从矿种、含矿地层及沉积相、工业用途、地理—交通—环保等角度进行了找矿方向概略分析,可供该类矿产的区域找矿工作参考。     

百年勘查成果与成矿规律之集大成——首部《中国矿产地质志》研编阶段性进展概述

继顾琅和鲁迅1906年出版《中国矿产志》以来的100多年中,中国社会发生了根本性改变,中华民族由半殖民地半封建国家逐步走上了康庄大道,矿产资源功不可没。根据《国土资源"十三五"规划纲要》"总结百年勘查成果和成矿规律"的要求,《中国矿产地质志》的各项研编工作全面部署,并取得实质性进展,截止目前共完成59部成果报告,取得了一系列重要成果:制定了统一的研编技术要求,清理出全国已发现矿产地近6.5万处,划分出18种矿床类型;修订和统一了部分省区的岩石地层划分方案和地层系统;划分或修正了大地构造单元和成矿区带,探讨了大地构造格局、演化与成矿作用,总结了重点Ⅲ级成矿区带成矿规律,建立了区域成矿模式和成矿谱系;完成了部分全国性、省级(单矿种)志书和普及本,获得了一批地球化学/年代学数据,深化了典型矿床和成矿规律研究,在钨、锡、锰、镍、银、锑矿等重要矿产矿床成因与成矿规律、华南洋构造演化与成矿、前寒武纪成矿等方面取得了一些创新性成果,不仅提升了矿床学理论研究水平,还指导了成矿预测和找矿勘查,普及了矿产知识,实现了边研编、边服务,取得了显著的社会效益。     

陕西省铅锌矿资源特征及时空分布规律概论

陕西省铅锌矿产资源丰富,为省内优势矿种。笔者在《中国矿产地质志·陕西卷》研编成果的基础上,对陕西省铅锌矿的矿床类型、资源特点及其时空分布规律等进行了较全面的总结。依据主要成矿作用,将铅锌矿床(成因/工业)类型划分为4个类型(三级分类)、7个亚类型(四级分类),并对各矿床类型作了简要阐述。铅锌矿的资源特点是:矿产地数量多,但地理分布不均衡;矿床类型多样,但以层控热液型为主;大中型矿床数量少,但资源量占比大;共、伴生铅锌矿床数较多,但资源量占比小。铅锌矿成矿时代跨度大,从新元古代到中生代均有产出,但以晚古生代(华力西期)最为重要。在空间分布上,大、中型规模的铅锌矿床主要集中分布于南秦岭成矿带(Ⅲ-66B)的凤县-太白成矿亚带(Ⅳ-66B-1)和镇安-旬阳成矿亚带(Ⅳ-66B-3),并分别形成凤县-太白铅锌矿集区和旬阳泗人沟-南沙沟矿铅锌集区2个重要矿集区。     

广东省铁矿成矿规律研究

成矿规律研究是矿产勘查、潜力评价等工作的基础,是研编《中国矿产地质志》的指导思想.参照《中国矿产地质志》技术要求,总结了广东省铁矿时间分布规律、8种类型铁矿床的区域成矿规律,筛选铁矿田12个、成矿系列9个、成矿亚系列11个,并归纳了铁矿床的成矿规律.     

广东省铁矿成矿规律研究

成矿规律研究是矿产勘查、潜力评价等工作的基础，是研编《中国矿产地质志》的指导思想.参照《中国矿产地质志》技术要求，总结了广东省铁矿时间分布规律、8种类型铁矿床的区域成矿规律，筛选铁矿田12个、成矿系列9个、成矿亚系列11个，并归纳了铁矿床的成矿规律.     

成矿地质体找矿预测理论与方法

在大量典型矿床剖析的基础上,以矿物学、岩石学、矿床学、构造地质学、地球化学等基础理论为指导,以大量实地观察和实验数据为支撑,通过总结矿山深部和外围找矿实践和典型矿床研究成果,按照成矿作用内因和外因相结合的辩证思维,成矿作用时间、空间、物质能量相统一的综合思维,以及元素地球化学分类和找矿预测矿床分类的比较思维,提出成矿地质体、成矿构造和成矿结构面、成矿作用特征标志等概念。成矿地质体是形成矿床主要矿产、决定主成矿阶段空间位置的成矿地质作用的实物载体,划分为沉积作用、火山作用、岩浆作用、变质作用和大型变形作用形成的5类成矿地质体。成矿结构面是赋存矿体的各类界面,包括构造界面、岩性界面、物理化学转换界面;成矿作用特征标志是能够直接指示矿体赋存位置和对找矿预测具有特殊意义的标志。依据成矿地质作用对中国主要矿床类型进行梳理划分,归纳总结了主要矿床类型的地质特征,构建了反映矿体赋存位置的成矿地质体-成矿结构面-成矿作用特征标志“三位一体”找矿预测地质模型。在此基础上,提出勘查区找矿预测的工作方法,对矿床学研究、找矿预测、矿产勘查工作具有重要的指导意义。     

中国矿产地质志省级“矿产地质图”和“成矿规律图”的编图思路和编图方法

中国矿产地质志省级"矿产地质图"和"成矿规律图/成矿系列图"的研编是"中国矿产地质志"研编的"文、图、库、普"四项内容之一,要体现"全覆盖"的182种矿种、18种矿床类型和多个"亚类型"、5个级别的矿产地规模、多个成矿时代的综合图例设计,要兼顾矿床成矿系列的表示方法、地质底图和构造底图优化等诸多方面,是一项复杂的"系统工程"。"编图技术要求"的制定,要本着"大道至简"的哲理、"大美至简"的审美观、"出精品"的宗旨、"编出上乘图件"的要求,提出"删繁就简构造底图,领异标新成矿系列"的编图原则。本文介绍了两图的性质、编图的思路和编图方法,并重点阐述"矿产图例设计"和"底图编制"两部分内容,以期编制出高水平图件,更集中反映和彰显项目成果。     

《矿床地质》稿约

《矿床地质》创刊于1982年,系中国地质学会矿床地质专业委员会、中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所主办的学术性期刊(双月刊),国内外发行,双月末出版。本刊主要报道矿床地质(包括金属矿床、非金属矿床、海洋矿产)、矿床地球化学、区域成矿规律、矿产普查与勘探、矿产资源预测与评价方面研究的科研成果;与成矿作用有关的岩石学、矿物学、地球化学、矿田构造及模拟实验等方面的新成果、新认识和综述性文章。优先发表新探明矿床、新类型矿床和新发现矿床的科研成果。主要栏目有“研究论文”、“最新报道”、“叙谈矿产地质工作”等。     

Exogenic processes and the origin of the sialic crust

Large scale segregation of sialic crust from mantle material may have taken place by magmatic differentiation, partial melting or by exogenic processes. Weathering is a little considered, but verifiable process by which free silica can be generated in quantity from mafic material. In proto-Archean time acid ocean water must have been highly reactive. Even submarine weathering by such acid water could lead to large scale generation of free silica. Evidence from soil formation supports this view. Recrystallization of weathering products would take place by anatexis in the course of relatively intense recycling processes in pre-Archean and early Archean times. Much Fe and Mg in shales and carbonates would segregate downward as mafic xenoliths. The sialic fraction would be returned to shallow crustal levels by diapiric ascent and upward melting. This model is valid only if the sialic crust has grown little since Archean time. We show that “primitive” isotope ratios in later sialic rocks which may suggest gradual accretion of sialic crust throughout geologic time can also be explained by recycling mechanisms. We conclude that exogenic processes in pre-Archean times could have generated most of the sialic crust.     

Polygenic nature of granite clastites: Communication 1. Exogenic and tectonic postmagmatic disintegration of granite massifs

Disintegrated granitoids, which frequently enclose abundant clastic material of the same rocks, are widespread in the upper parts of the Earth’s crust. They occur both on the surface and under the thick sedimentary cover. Two processes are responsible for the formation of such rocks: supergenic (chemical and physical weathering) and tectonic (prototectonics and posthumous disintegration). These processes result in the formation of similar (in compositions, textures, and attitude) clastic rocks, which complicates the interpretation of their genesis in particular situations. In this work, we discuss processes of the exogenic and tectonic disintegration of granitoids, structure of disintegrated rocks, and mineral transformations. Typomorphic features of the disintegrated granitoids related to tectonic and exogenic processes are compared.     

Tectonics and oil and gas potentials of the Kolyma and Primor'ye lowlands and adjacent shelves

The impact of gigantic meteorites momentarily creates extremely high pressures and temperatures, leading to the formation of distinctive objects — impact breccias and impactites — at the points where they fall. The Zhamanshin crater is one such place. This annular structure has a diameter of about 10 km, contoured by a low rim made up of a body of shattered Paleozoic rocks thrown out from the ring's center, from depths exceeding 100 - 200 m. Among these breccias have been found pieces and lenticular bodies of remelted rocks — impactites, called zhamanshinites. These thermally altered rocks from a series ranging from baked clays to cinder-like, partly recrystallized substances, glass, and black drops and spattered droplets (up to 1 - 5 cm) of isotropic glass that undoubtedly hardened as they fell through the air. The refused neogenic substances formed by selective evaporation are characterized by a considerable deficit of K and Na, excess Al₂O₃ and SiO₂, a lack of H₂O, and a sharp predominance of Fe⁺² over Fe⁺³. Their characteristic shape and distinctive structure and composition suggests that these remelted droplets are tektites, which were called irgizites when first found in the USSR. Their occurrence in the meteorite crater confirms the idea of a genetic unity between tektites and impactites. Selective evaporation of the more volatile elements is characteristic of the surfaces of small planets lacking an atmosphere, but is not characteristic of the earth's surface. The processes and substances occurring at the impact points of gigantic meteorites are therefore unique on the earth, but highly typical of the surfaces of the Moon, Mars, Mercury, and other relatively small celestial bodies.     

RS和GIS技术集成及其应用

本文简要地介绍了ＲＳ（遥感图像处理系统）和ＧＩＳ（地理信息系统）技术及其集成的基本概念和方法。讨论了ＲＳ和ＧＩＳ技术及其集成的内在涵义、相互关系,认为ＲＳ是ＧＩＳ重要的外部信息源,是其数据更新的重要手段,尤其对于全球性的 地理动力学分析,更必须有ＲＳ所提供的覆盖全球的动态数据与ＧＩＳ的结合。反之,ＧＩＳ则可以提供ＲＳ所需要的一些辅助数据,以提高ＲＳ图像的信息量和分辨率,同时,ＧＩＳ可以将实地调查所     

Partition of magnesium and iron between Olivine and spinel,and between pyroxene and spinel

Partition of Fe²⁺ and Mg between coexisting (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄ spinel and (Mg, Fe)SiO₃ pyroxene was investigated at pressures 80 and 90 kbar and at temperatures 840 and 1050° C, using tetrahedral-anvil type of high pressure apparatus. Olivine-spinel solid solution equilibria in the system Mg₂SiO₄-Fe₂SiO₄ were discussed in the light of the partition reaction. Partition of Fe²⁺ and Mg in both olivine-spinel and pyroxene-spinel systems can not be regarded as that between ideal solid solutions. By applying the simple solution model for the partition of Fe²⁺ and Mg, sign of the heat of mixing was estimated to be positive for all olivine, spinel and pyroxene. Relative concentration of Fe²⁺ in spinel in the pyroxene-spinel system is likely to cause some change in the chemical composition of modified spinel () or spinel () in the transition zone of the mantle. A considerable change is also expected in the transition pressure of to ( + ) and ( + ) to .Presented at the symposium Recent Advances in the Studies of Rocks and Minerals at High Pressures and Temperatures held in Montreal, 1972. Jointly sponsored by the International Mineralogical Association and the Commission on Experimental Petrology.     

自动化智能化地质岩芯钻探技术装备研发与应用

为解决5000 m地质岩芯钻探基础准则与依据缺失问题，提高钻探装备的自动化、智能化水平，启动了5000 m智能地质钻探技术装备研发工作，通过钻机装备、钻探器具研制，钻探工艺技术研究并经试验示范验证，取得多项创新成果，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术体系。通过特深孔钻孔口径与管柱规格优化研究、钻杆规格设计、装备性能参数选配，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术规范体系；基于5000 m特深孔地质岩芯钻机、孔口自动化作业装置等关键设备研制，实现了绳索取芯钻进的孔口作业全流程自动化，形成了轻量化钻机孔口管柱柔顺控制技术；基于复杂地层孔内工况判别、钻进参数优化与轨迹优化控制等技术问题研究，形成了多源信息融合的地面与孔底一体化钻进过程智能控制技术；基于高性能薄壁绳索取芯钻杆和系列小口径高效钻具研制，形成了大深度绳索取芯系列钻杆钻具技术；研发了耐高温环保型冲洗液、生物破胶废浆处理技术、“广谱型”双浆堵漏技术，形成了绿色环保型冲洗液体系与护壁堵漏技术。     

自动化智能化地质岩芯钻探技术装备研发与应用

为解决5000 m地质岩芯钻探基础准则与依据缺失问题，提高钻探装备的自动化、智能化水平，启动了5000 m智能地质钻探技术装备研发工作，通过钻机装备、钻探器具研制，钻探工艺技术研究并经试验示范验证，取得多项创新成果，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术体系。通过特深孔钻孔口径与管柱规格优化研究、钻杆规格设计、装备性能参数选配，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术规范体系；基于5000 m特深孔地质岩芯钻机、孔口自动化作业装置等关键设备研制，实现了绳索取芯钻进的孔口作业全流程自动化，形成了轻量化钻机孔口管柱柔顺控制技术；基于复杂地层孔内工况判别、钻进参数优化与轨迹优化控制等技术问题研究，形成了多源信息融合的地面与孔底一体化钻进过程智能控制技术；基于高性能薄壁绳索取芯钻杆和系列小口径高效钻具研制，形成了大深度绳索取芯系列钻杆钻具技术；研发了耐高温环保型冲洗液、生物破胶废浆处理技术、“广谱型”双浆堵漏技术，形成了绿色环保型冲洗液体系与护壁堵漏技术。     

Nano-Geology and Unconventional Oil and Gas

<正>Numerous Striking achievements have been made in micro and macro geology after the development for hundreds of years.Two trends branches of geology are divided into microcosmic nano-geology and macroeconomic astrono-geology with the enormous technology progress.The unique characteristics related to the nano-particles and nano-pores may be significant for