内蒙古阿巴嘎旗乌和尔楚鲁图钼矿区地质特征及综合找矿信息

乌和尔楚鲁图钼矿是二连-东乌旗成矿带新发现的一处中型隐伏斑岩型钼矿床。根据最新的矿床勘查成果,详细分析了矿床地质特征、物化探异常特征、矿体及矿石特征,简要评述了控矿因素、综合找矿信息。结果表明,矿体主要赋存于花岗斑岩与英安质角砾凝灰熔岩的内外接触带中,呈拱桥状产出。空间上和成因上均与燕山早期侵入的花岗斑岩体关系密切,含矿岩体以富硅、富碱、过铝型以及w(K2O)w(Na2O)为特征。矿区围岩蚀变作用强烈,主要有硅化、钾长石化、黄铁矿化、绢云母化、绿泥石化、碳酸盐化等。主成因类型属低品位斑岩型钼矿床,初步估算钼矿体(3341)资源量为7万多吨。乌和尔楚鲁图钼(铜)矿床的地质、物探、化探等综合找矿信息,对本地区下一步找矿工作的开展具有重要借鉴意义。     

湘东北小坑桥金矿不同地质体稀土元素地球化学特征及其地质意义

通过对小坑桥金矿不同地质体的稀土元素对比分析,得到以下认识:不同地质体的轻、重稀土比值较高,表明轻、重稀土元素分馏明显;近矿围岩出现明显的负Eu异常;黑云母花岗岩与煌斑岩具有相同的稀土元素特征,认为其可能为同源岩浆产物;金矿体的稀土元素总量与近矿围岩的稀土总量比较接近,表明金矿体继承了围岩的稀土元素组成;金矿体与花岗斑岩均具弱负Eu异常,认为两者很可能在成因上有必然的联系;矿区特征元素与稀土元素的蛛网图显示,Au、As、Sb元素在金矿体中明显偏高,表明Au、As、Sb元素与金的成矿关系密切。综合指出,小坑桥金矿体的成矿物质不仅仅来源于中元古界黄浒洞组地层本身,而且很可能为深部花岗斑岩所提供,其成矿流体很可能为岩浆分异演化的产物,为今后矿区地质勘查工作提供有利依据。     

鄂东南矿集区程潮大型矽卡岩铁矿的花岗质岩与成矿关系探讨

程潮铁矿床位于鄂东南矿集区鄂城岩体南缘,矿体主要产于花岗质岩与大理岩或花岗质岩与闪长质岩的接触带附近。矿区矽卡岩和花岗质岩与矿体的接触关系密切。稀土元素分析结果表明:石榴子石、绿帘石和磁铁矿矿石的稀土元素配分模式具有右倾、轻稀土富集、Eu正异常和Ce无明显异常的特点,显示它们具有相同的来源,并且是在一种高温、高氧逸度、Eu较富集的流体环境中形成的;花岗质岩与矽卡岩、矿体在稀土元素组成特征方面具有相似性,暗示它们具有成因联系。结合地质特征和稀土元素化学特征可知,程潮铁矿的花岗质岩与矽卡岩和矿体在时间、空间和成因上都有着密切的联系。     

松树沟铜矿床地质特征及找矿方向

松树沟铜矿矿体主要赋存于二叠纪花岗斑岩体外接触带，明显受花岗斑岩体控制．矿床地球化学特征、矿体特征均显示出斑岩型铜矿床特点．在综合分析松树沟铜矿矿区资料的基础上，探讨矿床成因，提出松树沟铜矿的下步找矿方向，并为西天山地区斑岩型铜矿的找矿方向提供工作思路．     

新疆红山铜金矿床基于地面高光谱遥感找矿模型构建

选择新疆红山铜金矿床,使用美国ASD公司的FieldSpec Pro FR地面波谱仪,在铜金矿区及外围地段分别对各地质体的英安岩、蚀变英安岩、花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、流纹斑岩、片理化带、矿体等开展地面波谱测试,获取各地质体的波谱曲线,综合剖析各吸收峰的波谱特征和蚀变矿物的反映特征,同时结合镜下鉴定和X射线衍射分析结果,研究和总结红山铜金矿区从矿体、矿化体、近矿围岩、外围蚀变围岩至外围正常围岩的地面高光谱蚀变矿物和蚀变矿物组合分布特征,结合矿床的地质矿产特征和地面围岩蚀变特征,形成地面高光谱蚀变矿物组合分布图,构建红山铜金矿床基于地面高光谱遥感找矿模型,为后期开展航空高光谱遥感调查、高光谱蚀变矿物信息提取和找矿预测提供地面高光谱波谱数据支持和典型矿床模型基础。     

黑龙江省东宁县金厂矿区两期成矿作用: 地质、流体包裹体、稀土元素和同位素证据

[摘要]金厂金矿床产于岩浆岩内部,根据矿脉特征、容矿构造特征、矿石特征、矿化特征和蚀变特 征、控制因素等方面,重新将矿区矿(化)体类型划分为角砾岩型和岩浆穹隆裂控型两种类型矿体;矿体 地质、流体包裹体、稀土元素和同位素等研究表明两种类型矿体在地质特征、流体包裹体、稀土元素和同 位素方面存在显著差异;结合矿区内岩浆岩测年数据和成矿年龄测试数据,初步确定矿区主要有两期成 矿作用,第一期是与闪长玢岩侵入有关的角砾岩型矿体,第二期是与花岗斑岩侵入有关的岩浆穹隆裂控 型矿体。     

吉林省桦甸市双杨树钼矿床地质特征

本文在论述矿床区域地质背景的基础上,进一步阐述了矿床地质、构造、围岩蚀变及氧化带特征,矿体特征,成矿规律。通过与大黑山钼矿床对比分析,认为双杨树钼矿床与同一成矿带上的大黑山斑岩型钼矿有着极其相似的成矿背景:矿体均产在花岗闪长岩体或花岗斑岩体内;成矿物质来源于上地幔下地壳的同熔岩浆。预示该区有良好的成矿环境。明确了本区找矿方向。     

广西平南县罗平钨矿床地质特征及成因

广西平南县罗平钨矿床位于桂东大瑶山成矿带中部六岑金矿田内,矿体赋存在加里东期花岗斑岩脉中及其外接触带附近。矿石岩性主要为黄铁绢英岩化花岗斑岩和硅化、黄铁矿化变质砂岩,有用金属矿物以白钨矿为主,少量黄铜矿、辉钼矿,矿石构造以细脉浸染状构造为主。围岩蚀变以硅化、黄铁矿化、绢云母化为主,蚀变范围广,总体上呈面状分布。钨矿控矿条件主要有凭祥-大黎深大断裂、加里东期岩浆岩及寒武纪地层,成矿物质主要来自岩浆岩,部分来自地层。成矿时代为加里东晚期,结合矿化特征表明,该矿床成因类型属加里东期斑岩型钨矿床。加里东期花岗斑岩体及其接触带石英细(网)脉发育地段、黄铁绢英岩化蚀变和W-、Mo-Bi-Cu化探异常组合是重要的找矿标志。地球物理资料表明该区深部找矿空间大,地球化学资料亦表明该区找矿前景好,结合矿区成矿地质条件和矿床特征推测该矿床具有寻找大中型以上规模钨矿床的找矿潜力。     

新疆阿尔泰山南缘乔夏哈拉式铁铜矿床稀土元素地球化学特征及其地质意义

通过野外地质调查和系统的稀土元素地球化学研究，探讨了阿尔泰山南缘乔夏哈拉式铁铜矿床中磁铁矿矿体和块状富铜矿体的成因关系及找矿意义。研究表明，乔夏哈拉铁铜矿床中铁矿体和富铜矿体的稀土元素组成及配分模式迥然不同。前者具有低∑REE、富轻稀土元素及正铕异常等特点，指示火山成因性质；后者异常富集轻稀土元素、配分曲线向右倾陡，其成因可能与造山期中基性浅成岩浆作用有关。据此认为，铁矿体和铜矿体并非“同生”成因关系，很可能是两期成矿作用在空间上的“同位叠生”关系。     

西南三江北段纳日贡玛铜钼矿床地质特征与成矿模式

纳日贡玛铜钼矿床是位于三江成矿带的大型铜(钼)矿床。虽然该矿床在找矿工作上取得重大突破,但关于矿床成矿模式的理论研究较少。在总结矿床地质特征的基础上,对矿区内花岗斑岩的矿物岩石化学成分、微量元素和稀土元素特征进行分析,测试包裹体均一温度、盐度、化学成分及C、H、O同位素组成,探讨其热液蚀变类型及分带特征。结果表明:该矿床为斑岩型铜钼矿床,其成矿物质主要来源于花岗斑岩体,成矿流体为岩浆水和大气降水组成的混合热液。在此基础上,提出了纳日贡玛铜钼矿床的成矿模式,利用Micromine软件建立了矿床三维立体模型,其成果为矿床成因的认识与找矿工作提供了参考。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Shock-induced amorphous textures in plagioclase,Manicouagan, Quebec,Canada

The textural relationships and structural states of optically isotropic labradorite from the Manicouagan, Quebec, impact structure have been examined by light (optical) and transmission electron (TEM) microscopy. Two distinct diaplectic glasses have been recognized based on their contrasting morphology, timing and the inferred modes of formation. The earliest isotropic bands and grain-scale isotropism (maskelynite) optically exhibit a gradational,in situ transformation from crystalline plagioclase with preservation of relict textures (twins, grain boundaries). The same transformation from crystalline to amorphous structure is observed in TEM to occur heterogeneously at scales on the order of the unit cell. The progressive transformation of optical properties reflects an increase in the volume fraction and eventual coalescence of these amorphous units. This maskelynite-type diaplectic glass is interpreted to form in the solid-state directly from crystalline material during the compressional phase of the shock wave. The other isotropic material occurs in spatially discrete tensiongashes and planar deformation features (PDFs) that overprint the maskelynite-type glass. This second type of diaplectic glass (PDF-type) is developed homogeneously within a given glass band and exhibits sharp crystal-glass boundaries, in contrast to the gradational boundaries of the maskelynite-type glass. PDF-type glass is interpreted to form by melting in tensional release zones during passage of the rarefaction wave. These observations emphasize the ability of naturally shocked rocks to preserve subtle evidence of variations in the shock process from highly transient events.     

A catastrophic rockslide-debris flow in Wulong, Chongqing, China in 2009: background, characterization, and causes

On June 5, 2009, a catastrophic rockslide-debris flow occurred at the crest of the Jiweishan Mountain in Wulong, Chongqing, China. Approximately five million cubic meters of limestone blocks slid along a weak interlayer of bituminous and carbonaceous shale. The source mass descended from the upper part of the slope rapidly, crossing a 200-m wide and 50-m deep creek in front of it. Blocked by the opposite steep creek wall, the sliding mass changed its direction and traveled a further 2.2 km along the creek in debris-flow mode, finally forming a large accumulation zone with an average depth of 30 m. This is one of the most catastrophic rockslide events in recent years in China. It buried 12 houses and the entrance of an iron mining tunnel where some 27 miners were working inside. Ten people died, 64 missing, and eight wounded. Immediately after this disaster happened, the government organized an expert team to assist the rescue work. As one of the geological experts, the author did a lot of field investigations and collected first-hand information. Multi-methods including the remote sensing, 3D laser scanning, geophysical exploration, and numerical modeling were used for analyzing the characteristics and the triggering mechanism of the Wulong rockslide. The preliminary investigation results reveal that this rockslide with poor geological conditions was mainly induced by the gravitation and the karst effect and also affected by the previous mining activities. The research in this paper is meaningful and useful for further research on such kind of rockslides that are geologically similar to the Wulong rockslide.     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Analysis of F, Al, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Ca and Mg concentrations in brick teas from main producing areas in China

Brick-tea-type fluorosis is a peculiar endemic disease in China, which had been discovered in minority areas of western China since 1980, and distributed mainly in Tibet, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Qinghai and parts of Sichuan Province. The prevalence rate of fluorosis in Tibetan and Mongolian nationality people was higher. Epidemiological investigation showed that fluorosis morbidity and degrees were different in different brick-tea drinking areas, and it was probably caused by drinking various kinds of brick tea from different regions. Therefore, we collected 33 samples of brick tea from six provinces where minority nationalities were accustomed to drinking a large quantity of brick tea. F concentrations were determined by the combustion hydrolysis-ion selective electrode method. The results showed that among the brick teas, the F concentrations ranged from the minimum 74.1 mg/kg in Yunnan Province to the maximum 991.2 mg/kg in Sichuan Province. Besides, there was a great difference among the various kinds of brick tea, and F concentrations decreased in the order of Kang brick tea, Green brick tea, Black brick tea, Mi brick tea, Fu brick tea, Chitsu ping tea, Puerh tea, and Tuo tea. The average F concentration in brick teas was 431.92 mg/kg.     

Neutron-capture elements in halo, thick-disk, and thin-disk stars. Strontium, yttrium, zirconium, cerium

We derived Sr, Y, Zr, and Ce abundances for a sample of 74 cool dwarfs and subgiants with iron abundances, [Fe/H], between 0.25 and ?2.43. These estimates were obtained using synthetic spectra, assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) for Y, Zr, and Ce, allowing for non-LTE conditions for Sr. We used high-resolution (λ/Δλ?40 000 and 60 000) spectra with signal-to-noise ratios between 50 and 200. We find that the Zr/Y, Sr/Y, and Sr/Zr ratios for the halo stars are the same in a wide metallicity range (?2.43 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ ?0.90), within the errors, indicating a common origin for these elements at the epoch of halo formation. The Zr/Y ratios for thick-disk stars quickly decrease with increasing Ba abundance, indicating a lower rate of production of Zr compared to Y during active thick-disk formation. The thick-disk and halo stars display an increase in the [Zr/Ba] ratio with decreasing Ba abundance and a correlation of the Zr and Eu overabundances relative to Ba. The evolutionary behavior of the abundance ratios found for the thick-disk and halo stars does not agree with current models for the Galaxy’s chemical evolution. The abundance ratios of Y and Zr to Fe and Ba for thin-disk stars, as well as the abundance ratios within each group, are, on average, solar, though we note a slight decrease of Zr/Ba and Zr/Y with increasing Ba abundance. These results provide evidence for a dominance of asymptotic-giant-branch stars in the enrichment of the interstellar medium in heavy elements during the thin-disk epoch, in agreement with the predictions of the nucleosynthesis theory for the main s-process component.     

湖北宜昌王家湾五峰组顶部Chondrites的发现及其环境意义

本文报道了湖北宜昌王家湾剖面五峰组笔石页岩段观音桥层发现的遗迹化石Chondrites的分布及其生态特点。结合生物相和同期上扬子海盆相对海平面的变化,分析了盆地水体底域在缺氧一富氧转折时期的古氧相变化特征：指出五峰组笔石页岩段上部地层沉积底域为典型的缺氧环境,在其与上覆观音桥段之间的沉积转换面附近发生了从无氧到有氧的转变,观音桥段中Hirnantia动物群繁盛于富氧的海底环境。     

Arsenic in streams,stream sediments,and ground water,fairbanks area,alaska

Arsenic concentrations of less than 5 ppb to as large as 1,260 ppb in stream waters and from 5 ppm to 4,000 ppm in stream sediments were found in the Pedro Dome-Cleary Summit area, Alaska. Waters from three of 20 wells sampled had arsenic concentrations exceeding the U.S. Public Health Service recommended limit of 50 ppb. The high arsenic levels are a consequence of arsenic enrichment in the rocks of the area. Placer and lode-gold mining may increase the arsenic content of the waters by exposing arsenic-containing rocks to surface waters and by increasing the load of arsenic-rich sediments in the streams. Finding these disturbingly large concentrations of arsenic in the waters of the Fairbanks area was the major result of this work, inasmuch as a subsequent study (to be published) revealed arsenic concentrations as large as 10 ppm in domestic wells and prompted an extensive study by Federal and State agencies of the health hazard posed by these arsenic-rich waters.     

Flood anticipation,reality, and uncertainty,the 2019 flood in Khuzestan,Iran

Natural Hazards - Despite the application of various methods to calculate uncertainty in flood vulnerability assessments, the challenge of uncertainty remains. The main purpose of this study was to...     

丘北普者黑岩溶地貌景观特征

通过介绍普者黑地区的岩溶地貌特征,借鉴石林和桂林的研究模式,对普者黑的岩溶地貌形成机理进行了深入研究,并针对普者黑独特的亚热带高原岩溶地貌的特征,阐述了其研究的科学价值。