融合差异图与高斯混合模型相结合的SAR图像变化检测

在SAR图像变化检测过程中,假设差异图类别服从单一分布,构造单一类型的差异图不能完好地保留变化信息,从而影响SAR图像变化检测的精度。针对上述问题,提出一种基于差异图融合和高斯混合模型GMM(Gaussian Mixture Model)的非监督SAR图像变化检测方法。该方法利用给定的融合因子进行差值和比值图融合,采用最大期望算法EM(Expection Maximum)求解融合差异图的GMM参数,并根据后验概率将图像像素分配到GMM各个分量,从而获得SAR实验区域的变化检测图。3组SAR数据集的变化检测实验验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。     

广义高斯模型的KI双阈值自动分割SAR图像非监督变化检测

提出广义高斯模型假设下KI双阈值法的SAR图像变化检测算法.描述了SAR差异图像上未发生变化类、后向散射减弱类和后向散射增强类的概率密度分布.基于KI准则,构建了双阈值准则函数.提出仅利用差异图像灰度直方图的最优双阈值自动选取方法,实现了3种变化与非变化类型的非监督变化检测信息提取.选取两个时相的Radarsat卫星SAR图像进行变化检测试验,结果表明该方法可行、有效.     

纹理特征向量与最大化熵法相结合的SAR影像非监督变化检测

合成孔径雷达(SAR)影像具有明显的斑点噪声,在变化检测中,一般需要考虑空间邻域信息。本文结合SAR影像丰富的纹理信息,提出一种考虑空间邻域信息的高分辨率SAR影像非监督变化检测方法,用基于灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)的32维纹理特征向量构造差异影像。通过最大化熵法自动选取阈值,对精度指标随窗口大小的变化进行回归分析,得到适合于变化检测的窗口为11×11。试验表明,本文方法优于马尔科夫随机场法,可以减小斑点噪声的影响,有效提高高分辨率SAR影像变化检测的精度。     

一种顾及上下文的遥感影像模糊聚类

模糊聚类是非监督分类中的一类重要方法。传统的模糊聚类方法应用于遥感影像的非监督分类时，均未考虑到邻域像元间的统计依赖关系即上下文信息。针对这一缺陷，在Markov随机场模型框架下，引入了空间隶属度概念，提出了一种顾及上下文信息的模糊聚类算法，有效地提高了聚类精度和抗噪声能力。针对需要预先指定聚类个数的问题，采用了一种兼顾类别内部紧密程度和类别之间分离程度的评价指标，用以检验聚类结果的有效性。从而找出最优的聚类个数，在一定程度上提高了聚类结果的客观性。最后通过实验验证了本文算法的有效性。     

利用纹理融合与广义高斯模型的高分辨率SAR影像变化检测

为了充分利用高分辨率SAR影像的纹理特征,提出一种纹理信息融合与广义高斯模型相结合的SAR影像变化检测方法。通过灰度共生矩阵计算影像的纹理特征进而构造纹理差异影像,利用离散平稳小波变换,融合灰度差异影像和纹理差异影像。然后利用广义高斯模型进行统计建模,估计融合后差异影像上变化类和未变化类的概率分布,利用KI阈值准则获取最佳分割阈值,实现多时相SAR影像的非监督变化检测。选取两组TerraSAR-X数据进行实验,结果表明融合纹理信息与广义高斯模型的变化检测方法可行,其中融合逆差距纹理信息的检测性能最优。     

基于MRF信息融合的多通道SAR图像变化检测算法

SAR图像变化检测是近几年SAR图像应用研究的新领域,现有的SAR图像变化检测算法大多针对单通道图像数据,而利用多通道SAR图像数据进行变化检测,可以充分利用图像信息,能够得到更好的检测效果。论文研究了基于MRF信息融合的多通道SAR图像变化检测算法,通过融合图像不同通道信息,实现变化检测;并重点论述了算法的基本原理和算法实现过程,通过实验对比,证明了论文提出的算法可以得到较高的检测精度。     

基于变分法与Markov随机场模糊局部信息聚类法的SAR影像变化检测

为了提高合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)影像变化检测的精度,提出一种基于变分法与马尔可夫随机场模糊局部信息聚类(Markov random field fuzzy local information C-means clustering,MRFFLICM)的SAR影像变化检测方法。首先融合对数比影像和对数均值比影像来构建差异影像;然后采用变分去噪模型去除差异影像的噪声;最后利用马尔可夫随机场将空间邻域信息引入到模糊局部信息C均值聚类算法中,提高聚类的性能。对两组不同时相真实SAR影像数据进行对比实验,结果表明,提出的变分去噪方法能够避免去除微小变化区域,有效抑制SAR影像的斑点噪声,同时MRFFLICM方法可以有效提高变化检测的精度,提升了变化检测方法的适应性。     

基于融合和广义高斯模型的遥感影像变化检测

提出了一种基于融合和广义高斯模型的遥感影像变化检测算法。该算法融合差值影像和比值影像的结果构造差异影像，然后运用灰度形态学对差异影像进行顾及空间邻域关系的处理，再对处理后的结果运用广义高斯分布模型估计变化与非变化像元的概率密度参数，最后采用改进的KI算法计算最佳分割阈值，提取变化区域。实验结果表明，所提出的变化检测算法稳健、高效，具有较大的实用价值。     

一种针对精化样本的非监督SAR变化检测方法

针对非监督框架下的深度学习SAR变化检测方法在样本选取时出现样本非平衡及冗余问题,改进了一种针对精化样本的非监督SAR影像变化检测方法:利用分层FCM针对不同差异图进行分割确定初始类别;提出利用邻域清理规则进行潜在错误样本剔除并利用异质类空间距离完成对样本的筛选;构造卷积神经网络完成对待确定类别像素的分类,得到最终变化结果.采用三组实验数据进行实验,结果表明该文方法可行有效,且能在较好应对样本问题的同时具有较高的变化检测精度.     

基于混合高斯密度模型和空间上下文信息的遥感影像变化检测方法及扩展

在运用混合高斯密度模型对差分影像建模的基础上,分别采用顾及上下文信息的概率松弛迭代法和马尔可夫随机场模型法进行影像的变化检测.首先,提出一种运用遗传K均值算法与EM算法联合解算高斯混合密度模型参数的方法,该方法可以自动地解算出模型的统计参数,结果与手工选择样本的解算结果完全一致.然后,比较概率松弛迭代法以及马尔可夫随机场模型法的影像变化检测效果,得出基于模拟退火法的马尔可夫随机场法效果较好的结论.最后,对传统的基于模拟退火法的马尔可夫随机场方法进行改进,提出了一种变权马尔可夫随机场方法,检测结果能更好地保持影像的结构性,并有效去除了孤立噪声.     

Unsupervised Change Detection in Multitemporal SAR Images Using MRF Models

An unsupervised change-detection method that considers the spatial contextual information in a log-ratio difference image generated from multitemporal SAR images is proposed. A Markov random filed (MRF) model is particularly employed to exploit statistical spatial correlation of intensity levels among neighboring pixels. Under the assumption of the independency of pixels and mixed Gaussian distribution in the log-ratio difference image, a stochastic and iterative EM-MPM change-detection algorithm based on an MRF model is developed. The EM-MPM algorithm is based on a maximiser of posterior marginals (MPM) algorithm for image segmentation and an expectation-maximum (EM) algorithm for parameter estimation in a completely automatic way. The experiment results obtained on multitemporal ERS-2 SAR images show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Unsupervised change detection in multitemporal SAR images using MRF models

An unsupervised change-detection method that considers the spatial contextual information in a log-ratio difference image generated from multitemporal SAR images is proposed. A Markov random filed (MRF) model is particularly employed to exploit statistical spatial correlation of intensity levels among neighboring pixels. Under the assumption of the independency of pixels and mixed Gaussian distribution in the log-ratio difference image, a stochastic and iterative EM-MPM change-detection algorithm based on an MRF model is developed. The EM-MPM algorithm is based on a maximiser of posterior marginals (MPM) algorithm for image segmentation and an expectation-maximum (EM) algorithm for parameter estimation in a completely automatic way. The experiment results obtained on multitemporal ERS-2 SAR images show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于边缘特征的变化检测方法研究

提出了一种结合边缘特征和灰度信息的变化检测方法．该检测方法对于检测线状目标变化具有较好的效果，同时也能减小由于配准而产生的误差。试验结果表明了该方法的可行性。     

Unsupervised Change Detection From Multichannel SAR Images

Multichannel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data present a good potential for environmental monitoring and disaster management, owing both to their insensitivity to atmospheric and sun-illumination conditions, and to the improved discrimination capability they may provide as compared to single-channel SAR. However, this requires accurate and possibly automatic techniques to generate change maps from multichannel SAR images acquired from the same geographic area at different times. In this letter, an automatic unsupervised contextual change-detection method is proposed for two-date multichannel SAR images, by integrating a SAR-specific extension of the Fisher transform with a variant of the expectation-maximization algorithm and with Markov random fields. The method is validated by experiments on SIR-C/XSAR data     

A Multilevel Parcel-Based Approach to Change Detection in Very High Resolution Multitemporal Images

This letter presents a novel parcel-based context-sensitive technique for unsupervised change detection in very high geometrical resolution images. In order to improve pixel-based change-detection performance, we propose to exploit the spatial-context information in the framework of a multilevel approach. The proposed technique models the scene (and hence changes) at different resolution levels defining multitemporal and multilevel ldquoparcelsrdquo (i.e., small homogeneous regions shared by both original images). Change detection is achieved by applying a multilevel change vector analysis to each pixel of the considered images. This technique properly analyzes the multilevel and multitemporal parcel-based context information of the considered spatial position. The adaptive nature of multitemporal parcels and their multilevel representation allow one a proper modeling of complex objects in the investigated scene as well as borders and details of the changed areas. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Automatic identification of the number and values of decision thresholds in the log-ratio image for change detection in SAR images

In this letter, we propose an extension of an automatic and unsupervised change-detection method for synthetic aperture radar images we presented earlier. By analyzing a properly defined cost function, the proposed method allows the automatic detection of the number (zero, one, or two) and the values of the decision thresholds associated with changes (if any) in the log-ratio image. This cost function is the minimum value of the criterion function adopted to select the decision threshold in the log-ratio image according to a modified double-thresholding Kittler-Illingworth algorithm (implemented under the generalized Gaussian assumption for changed and unchanged classes). Experimental results carried out both on real and simulated multitemporal synthetic aperture radar images proved the effectiveness of the proposed automatic method in detecting both the number of changes to be identified (the situation of no changes is also explicitly identified) and the related threshold values.     

A new geospatial overlay method for the analysis and visualization of spatial change patterns using object-oriented data modeling concepts

Traditional geographic information system (GIS)-overlay routines usually build on relatively simple data models. Topology is – if at all – calculated on the fly for very specific tasks only. If, for example, a change comparison is conducted between two or more polygon layers, the result leads mostly to a complete and also very complex from–to class intersection. A lot of additional processing steps need to be performed to arrive at aggregated and meaningful results. To overcome this problem a new, automated geospatial overlay method in a topologically enabled (multi-scale) framework is presented. The implementation works with polygon and raster layers and uses a multi-scale vector/raster data model developed in the object-based image analysis software eCognition (Trimble Geospatial Imaging, Munich, Germany). Advantages are the use of the software inherent topological relationships in an object-by-object comparison, addressing some of the basic concepts of object-oriented data modeling such as classification, generalization, and aggregation. Results can easily be aggregated to a change-detection layer; change dependencies and the definition of different change classes are interactively possible through the use of a class hierarchy and its inheritance (parent–child class relationships). Implementation is exemplarily shown for a change comparison of CORINE Land Cover data sets. The result is a flexible and transferable solution which is – if parameterized once – fully automated.     

Analysis of the Effects of Pansharpening in Change Detection on VHR Images

In this letter, we investigate the effects of pansharpening (PS) applied to multispectral (MS) multitemporal images in change-detection (CD) applications. Although CD maps computed from pansharpened data show an enhanced spatial resolution, they can suffer from errors due to artifacts induced by the fusion process. The rationale of our analysis consists in understanding to which extent such artifacts can affect spatially enhanced CD maps. To this end, a quantitative analysis is performed which is based on a novel strategy that exploits similarity measures to rank PS methods according to their impact on CD performance. Many multiresolution fusion algorithms are considered, and CD results obtained from original MS and from spatially enhanced data are compared.      

多尺度分割的高分辨率遥感影像变化检测

针对高空间分辨率的遥感影像,提出了一种基于多尺度分割的变化检测算法。采用Mean-Shift分割算法对影像进行多尺度分割,构建了不同尺度上的地理对象,以不同尺度上的地理对象灰度均值构建了变化检测的多尺度特征向量,采用变化矢量分析法获得最后的变化检测结果。以城镇区和农田区的Quick Bird影像对本文算法进行了检验,从精度评价的效果来看,无论城镇区还是农田区,采用面向对象的变化检测方法精度都高于基于单像素的检测方法,且当尺度层数固定时,多尺度组合的变化检测结果优于单一尺度的变化检测结果,对城镇、农田区域的变化检测的精度分别达到87.57%和81.55%。本文算法既可以顾及大面积同质区域变化,又可以反映小的地物目标及边缘部分的变化,能够很好地满足城镇、农田等不同环境背景下的变化检测需求,在国土资源监测中具有一定的应用价值。     

Integrating Remote Sensing Techniques,Geographical Information Systems (GIS), and Stochastic Models for Monitoring Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) Changes in the Northern Coastal Region of Nayarit,Mexico

Land use and land cover (LULC) changes in northern Nayarit, Mexico were estimated using post-classification change detection methods and a Markov chain model. Three thematic maps were generated by classifying Landsat images from 1973, 1900, and 2000, which were then overlaid to generate three change-detection matrices to assess the intensity and direction of changes. Between 25% and 30% of the region displayed LULC changes, attributable to a stochastic behavior that can be modeled with a first-order Markov chain. The steady-state distribution estimates indicate that the LULC patterns in the region have not yet reached equilibrium and predict the expansion of the agricultural boundaries.