冈底斯岩浆弧曲水地区早中新世埃达克质花岗岩的成因及构造意义

青藏高原拉萨地体南部广泛发育的渐新世-中新世埃达克质岩浆岩,是研究冈底斯岩浆弧后碰撞岩浆活动和地壳演化的理想载体。本文对冈底斯弧中段曲水地区的早中新世黑云母花岗岩进行了岩石学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素研究。全岩地球化学分析结果显示黑云母花岗岩具有高的SiO₂、Al₂O₃和K₂O含量,属于中钾钙碱性、准铝质到弱过铝质岩石。微量元素富Sr,贫Y和Yb,富集轻稀土元素而强烈亏损重稀土元素,具有高的Sr/Y值(165~278)和(La/Yb)_N值(26.6~39.7),具有典型埃达克质岩石的地球化学特征。锆石U-Pb年代学分析结果表明花岗岩的结晶年龄为21~19 Ma,Hf同位素分析结果显示,岩浆锆石εHf(t)值(-0.9~+12.7)大部分为正值且具有较大的变化范围。根据Sr/Y和(La/Yb)_N值估算早中新世冈底斯弧的地壳厚度已达到70~80 km。综合本文和已有的数据表明,印度-亚洲大陆碰撞和碰撞后持续的汇聚作用以及大体积幔源岩浆的底侵共同导致冈底斯岩浆弧经历了显著的新生代地壳加厚;渐新世—早中新世,俯冲印度大陆板片的断离或加厚岩石圈地幔的拆沉作用引起软流圈地幔物质上涌,导致冈底斯弧加厚下地壳(新生地壳和古老地壳)发生强烈的部分熔融,形成了广泛分布的后碰撞埃达克质岩浆岩。     

滇西保山地块中-新生代岩浆作用及其构造意义

保山地块上的中-新生代岩浆活动以蚌渺岩体和桦桃林岩体为代表,蚌渺岩体岩石类型为石英二长岩、二长花岗岩,锆石U-Pb年龄为83~85Ma,桦桃林岩体为二云母花岗岩,锆石U-Pb年龄为60~66 Ma,表明该地区在晚白垩世和古新世发生了两次不同的岩浆作用。蚌渺岩体和桦桃林岩体都以全碱含量高为特征,K₂O/Na₂O>1,桦桃林岩体属于高钾钙碱性系列,蚌渺岩体更加倾向于钾玄岩系列。它们的铝饱和指数A/CNK的值均大于1.1,属铝过饱和系列。这两个岩体岩石总体上富集大离子亲石元素和Pb,亏损高场强元素。蚌渺岩体较桦桃林岩体明显富集轻稀土元素[(La/Yb)_N=65.2~67.2],而桦桃林岩体较蚌渺岩体显示明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0.17~0.35)。2个岩体中3件样品41个测点的锆石ε_Hf(t)值变化范围较大(-15.8~-1.1),蚌渺岩体和桦桃林岩体的Hf同位素地壳模式年龄分别集中于2.0~1.2Ga和2.0~1.5Ga。全岩锆饱和温度蚌渺高于桦桃林,说明这两个岩体源区岩石的熔融程度不同。这些地球化学特征指示中-新生代花岗岩类为S型花岗岩,主要来源于古元古代-中元古代地壳物质的重熔,并不同程度地混入了幔源物质。保山地块、腾冲地块和拉萨地体在中-新生代存在几乎同期的岩浆活动,但保山地块与拉萨地体由于岩石地球化学特征不同,不存在对比性,而与腾冲地块存在共同点。保山地块与腾冲地块上的中-新生代岩浆作用与新特提斯洋的闭合和印欧大陆的碰撞息息相关。     

吉林东部海西期花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征与地壳增生

东北地区古生代花岗岩分布范围非常广泛,花岗岩研究对反演地壳增生意义重大。虽然如此,东部地区古生代花岗岩的研究仍相对薄弱,需要特别关注。 LA-ICPMS U-Pb 同位素定年结果表明,本研究花岗岩体为晚中生代海西期(262Ma)岩浆活动的产物。锆石的LA-MC-ICPMS Hf 同位素研究结果显示,ε_Hf(t)范围为1.35~5.62,二阶段 Hf 模式年龄(t_DM2)范围为1.1~1.4Ga,暗示花岗岩源区物质主要来自亏损地幔,同时暗示了一次重要的地壳增生事件。     

拉萨地体锆石Hf同位素填图：对地壳性质和成矿潜力的约束

迄今对拉萨地体(尤其是北部拉萨地体)地壳性质的空间展布特征并未得到有效讨论,直接限制了对拉萨地体成矿规律和成矿潜力的总结和评价。本文收集了拉萨地体已经发表和本团队未发表的中生代-早新生代(210~40Ma)大量酸性岩浆岩的锆石Hf同位素数据,利用Surfer 10软件填制了拉萨地体锆石Hf同位素和地壳模式年龄图。本文结果进一步证实中部拉萨地体曾经是一个微陆块,南部和北部拉萨地体总体显示新生地壳特征,在北部拉萨地体日土-盐湖一带,锆石ε_Hf(t)值和地壳模式年龄与南部拉萨地体的日喀则-八一一带类似,均以高的锆石ε_Hf(t)值(因而非常明显的新生地壳)为特征。本文大量数据结合已有研究结果,表明地壳性质(新生地壳或古老成熟地壳)很可能是控制成矿作用类型的关键因素。通过与南部拉萨地体地壳性质和成矿作用类型的类比,结合北部拉萨地体目前已有矿床资料,提出日土-盐湖一带可能是北部拉萨地体最有潜力的Cu-Au成矿地带。     

西藏驱龙矿区早侏罗世斑岩的Sr-Nd-Pb及锆石Hf同位素研究

近年的研究基本揭示,在冈底斯南缘存在一条晚三叠世-侏罗纪的花岗岩带,其成因认识有助于恢复青藏高原中生代演化历史,但却存在争议。为此,本文选择拉萨东部驱龙早侏罗世花岗斑岩开展Sr-Nd-Pb及锆石Hf同位素研究,调查岩浆源区特征,以期查明岩浆成因。分析结果显示,驱龙早侏罗世斑岩具有相对较低的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr初始比值(0.7029~0.7050)、正的ε_Nd(t)(平均0.7)和锆石ε_Hf(t)值(2.6~8.2),表明岩浆来自新生地壳物质的部分熔融。综合对比发现,冈底斯南部晚三叠世-早侏罗世花岗岩的锆石Hf同位素在500km宽的范围内显示出由西向东亏损程度逐渐减弱、甚至变得富集的规律,表明在此类花岗岩的形成过程中,成熟地壳组分的贡献自西向东逐渐增多。这既可因南部拉萨地体基底Hf同位素组成的东西向不均一所引起,也可能因东段驱龙、米林等地花岗岩更靠近古老的拉萨微陆块所致。     

青藏高原西南部赛利普超钾质火山岩富集地幔源区和岩石成因:锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素制约

西藏拉萨地块西南部赛利普钾质-超钾质火山岩为一套含地幔包体的粗面安山岩,高K_2O,MgO、Cr、Ni含量,K_2O/ Na_2O比值和Mg~#,为地幔低度部分熔融的原始岩浆,或经橄榄石、单斜辉石或Fe-Ti氧化物分离结晶。岩石强烈富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素、亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti,富集放射性成因Sr、Pb和Nd同位素,指示岩浆源区为富集地幔。采用LA-ICP-MS测定赛利普钾质-超钾质火山岩三件样品的18颗新生岩浆锆石U-Pb年龄为15.8～19.2Ma,其中钾质岩石样品SL0628中11个点的加权平均值为17.7±0.3Ma,与他人获得的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄一致。三件样品中新生岩浆锆石的ε~(Hf)(t)变化范围为-7.6～3.9,平均地壳模式年龄(t_(DMC)=0.86～1.59Ga)变化较大,除两个分析点显示亏损特征外,总体显示富集特征,表明岩石源于富集源区,但有少量亏损地幔物质加入。三件样品共获得49颗继承锆石的U-Pb年龄介于20～1907Ma,其Hf同位素组成(ε_(Hf)(t)=-25.9～5.3)和平均地壳模式年龄(t_(DMC)=0.79～4.08Ga)变化较大;其中的37颗年龄较小的继承锆石(20～110Ma)指示地幔源区可能受到四期明显的岩浆改造事件(62.2～64.0Ma,43.3～55.1Ma,29.5～37.7Ma和20.1～27.4Ma)和两个岩浆活动间歇期(70～90Ma和37.7～43.3Ma)。在拉萨地块首次发现29.5～37.7Ma的岩浆活动,并发现与林子宗火山岩同期的、Hf同位素富集的岩浆活动(62.2～64.0Ma,ε_(Hf)(t)=-21.2～3.0)。三件样品中49颗继承锆石的Hf同位素研究表明源区富集组分可能源自拉萨地块古老地壳基底和俯冲的印度大陆地壳。赛利普钾质-超钾质岩石形成可能是印度大陆地壳前缘撕裂和分段俯冲的结果。     

恒山地区古元古代2.1Ga地壳重熔事件: 钾质花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年及Hf-Nd同位素研究

恒山高级片麻岩地体位于华北克拉通中部构造带,主体是形成于晚太古代~2.5Ga的TTG片麻岩和少量变质火山沉积岩,并且经历了古元古代末~1.85Ga的高级变质作用。近年来,在恒山片麻岩地体中识别出一套钾质花岗岩小侵入体群,主要岩性是角闪石二长花岗岩和黑云母二长花岗岩。本文针对这套花岗岩,采用LA-ICP-MS和Cameca 1280型离子探针进行锆石U-Pb定年,获得角闪石二长花岗岩岩浆锆石谐和年龄2052±17Ma和2084±4Ma,黑云母二长花岗岩岩浆锆石谐和年龄2060±18Ma和2083±15Ma。它们在误差范围内一致,代表花岗岩的形成时代。花岗岩锆石Hf同位素和全岩Nd同位素亏损地幔模式年龄分别为2.48~2.60Ga和2.43~2.68Ga,与围岩TTG片麻岩模式年龄范围基本一致。ε_Hf(t) 和ε_Nd(t)主要分布范围分别为-6.0~0.6和-3.3~-1.7,未显示同期幔源物质的添加。据此可以推断,这些钾质花岗岩是恒山晚太古代TTG岩石在~2.1Ga部分熔融的产物。该期岩浆活动在华北克拉通已识别出多处,恒山地区的这期岩浆活动显示了地壳重熔特征。结合五台、阜平等地对于同期事件的研究,我们推测这些区域上~2.1Ga的岩浆活动形成于拉张裂解环境中。     

塔里木柯坪地区二叠系沉积岩碎屑锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素特征及其对塔里木块体地质演化的限定

塔里木早二叠世大火成岩省是我国继峨眉山大火成岩省得到国际公认后的又一个重要的大火成岩省,对其中广泛出露的多层玄武质熔岩的夹层沉积岩中的锆石年代学和Hf同位素特征研究可以对塔里木早二叠世大火成岩省的岩浆演化以及之前的地质史方面的认识提供重要的信息。本文选取塔里木西北缘柯坪地区印干村大湾沟剖面玄武岩的夹层粉砂岩中3个不同层位的沉积岩样品,对其中碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成进行了较系统的研究。研究表明3个样品碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄中最年轻的一组年龄峰值介于284~291Ma之间,与前人对塔里木早二叠世大火成岩省大规模溢流玄武质岩浆事件相吻合。此外,还存在老于1.7Ga、0.9~1.0Ga和750~850Ma以及410~450Ma的几组年龄,可能分别对应于塔里木哥伦比亚超大陆聚合、罗迪尼亚超大陆的聚合和裂解以及志留系地层的剥蚀沉积等一系列地质事件的发生。对上述3个沉积岩样品中锆石Hf同位素成分分析得出其碎屑锆石源区成分复杂,主要源自塔里木前寒武纪基底、志留系地层和塔里木早二叠世大火成岩省岩浆事件。具有二叠纪年龄的锆石ε_Hf(t)值在-10~4之间,平均值为-4.8,Hf同位素亏损地幔模式年龄t_DM^Hf为 801~1363Ma,表明这些玄武质熔岩中沉积岩夹层的碎屑锆石应该来自古老的富集岩石圈地幔。通过对柯坪地区这些夹层沉积岩的锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素成分研究,有助于对塔里木早二叠世大火成岩省岩浆演化的认识。     

塔里木盆地东北缘敦煌群的形成和演化:锆石U-Pb年代学和Lu-Hf同位素证据

采用LA-MC-ICP-MS手段对敦煌地块中敦煌群的白云母石英片岩、石榴斜长角闪岩、石榴黑云斜长片麻岩和长英质伟晶岩脉中的锆石进行了U-Pb 和Lu-Hf同位素分析,获得白云母石英片岩碎屑岩浆锆石的²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb表面年龄为1545~756Ma,主要集中在1200~1000Ma,表明地层的最大沉积时代为756Ma,蚀源区存在中、新元古代的岩浆事件。白云母石英片岩锆石的ε_Hf(t)分为两组,一组为正值,ε_Hf(t)=1.2~10.1,单阶段模式年龄为t_DM=1.09~1.66Ga;一组为负值,ε_Hf(t)=-1~-16,两阶段模式年龄为t_DM2=1.91~2.42Ga。表明蚀源区存在古元古代、中元古代的再造地壳。石榴斜长角闪岩的两粒捕获锆石的年龄为2272Ma 和1208Ma,ε_Hf(t)为-3和14,t_DM2和t_DM为2.82Ga和1.1Ga,暗示捕获区存在太古代再造地壳和中元古代晚期新生地壳。石榴斜长角闪岩碎屑锆石的Th/U比值为0.02~0.42,²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄为441±5Ma,代表了岩石遭受变质作用的时代。石榴黑云斜长片麻岩中的碎屑锆石与长英质伟晶岩脉中的继承锆石特征相同,锆石年龄集中在3个峰值区间:2.2~2.1Ga,1.8~1.6Ga,1.2~0.8Ga,相应的的ε_Hf(t)分别为-9~4,-5.4~15,-27~20,相应锆石的模式年龄分别为3.1~2.4Ga,2.6~1.4Ga,3.1~1.7Ga,均大于其形成年龄,表明蚀源区锆石来自于再循环的新太古代、古元古代和中元古代地壳,样品代表的地层的最大沉积时代为新元古代早期。岩石中检测出早古生代的变质锆石, ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄为464~422Ma,可能代表了沉积岩的变质时代。敦煌群锆石U-Pb和Lu-Hf同位素表明蚀源区岩石类型和时代的多样性,也表明部分敦煌群不是前寒武纪的变质基底,而是塔里木盆地变质基底之上新元古代的沉积盖层,后卷入了我国西北部早古生代的造山事件。     

西藏拉萨地块南缘晚白垩世镁铁质岩浆作用的年代学、地球化学及意义

镁铁质岩石所反映出的壳幔作用信息可以为地壳增生发生的时间和方式提供可靠的证据。本文报道了南部拉萨地块东段朗县至米林之间晚白垩世镁铁质岩石的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩地球化学以及锆石Hf同位素数据。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,角闪辉长岩侵位于98~88Ma,高Al₂O₃(17.25%~19.46%),低MgO含量(3.89%~5.07%)及Mg^#(44~50),与高铝玄武岩特征相似,属于中钾钙碱性岩石,富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)、亏损高场强元素(HFSE),铕异常不明显(δEu=0.82~1.06),(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i值为0.70427,ε_Nd(t)值为3.0,具有高且正的锆石ε_Hf(t)值(+11.8~+17.2)。这些晚白垩世镁铁质岩石可能是来自俯冲板片的沉积物熔体交代地幔楔物质发生部分熔融并经历一定程度镁铁质矿物分离结晶作用产物。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of