铀矿床构造模式及其找矿意义

本文将铀矿床赋存的构造形态划分为层控、断控和体控三种模式。层控模式包括沉积成岩阶段形成的层状铀矿床、顺层发育的后生带状铀矿床和与不整合面有关的铀矿床;断控模式包括各种产于断裂带(层间断层除外)的铀矿床;体控模式的铀矿床则分为与侵入体构造和火山机构有关的两种情况。所有模式均具有三个特性,即模式保存的完整性,模式发展的阶段性和模式形成的复合性。铀矿床的构造模式特征对矿床评价具指导意义。     

桂西北盆-山构造系与大厂锡石多金属成矿作用

通过对区域地形形态、地质构造格架、大厂矿田的矿床地质、地球化学特征的研究,阐明了大厂矿区所处的构造位置为一盆-山构造系。大厂锡石多金属硫化物矿床的生成、发展和演化是该盆一山构造系发展演化的产物,受盆-山构造系的控制。本矿床按矿体形态、矿床特征可以分为层状矿化和脉状矿化两大类。层状矿化是盆-山构造系形成早期同生沉积的,严格受地层层位和岩性的控制。脉状矿化是盆-山构造系发展演化的晚期不同阶段中受岩浆热液作用的叠加、改造而成,受构造和层位的双重控制。     

下庄铀矿田成矿模式

笔者对下庄铀矿田不同类型矿床的成矿期次、流体包裹体温度及成分特征等进行了对比研究,结果表明该矿田不同类型的铀矿床具有相同的物质来源,铀成矿作用经历了3个阶段。第1阶段成矿年龄为138 Ma,矿化主要受东西向构造控制,为中高温碱性热液成矿;第2阶段成矿年龄为96.4~81 Ma,矿化主要受北东向构造控制,为中低温酸性热液成矿;第3阶段成矿年龄为61 Ma,表现为后期改造作用成矿。结合区域构造、岩浆演化历史,建立了下庄铀矿田的构造控矿三维成矿模式,认为铀矿床具有多阶段叠加成矿的特点,早期构造在晚期应力作用下派生的张裂部位是找矿的有利部位。希望铀矿床存在东西向基性岩脉充填构造,其深部具有寻找东西向矿体的潜力。     

中国碳硅泥岩型铀矿成矿规律探讨

碳硅泥岩型铀矿床是中国重要工业铀矿床类型之一。这类矿床具有明显的层控、构造控矿等一系列地质特征。矿床主要分布于古陆、古岛、古水下隆起动边缘部位，产于地台边缘及邻近该边缘的显生宙（加里东－印支）地槽褶皱区内。铀成矿时代主要集中于白垩－第三纪。碳硅泥中铀成矿的时空分布规律与中国有关地区地壳演化及地壳运动有关，特别是与燕山－喜马拉雅期所发生的构造（构造－岩浆）活化改造密切相关。     

东胜砂岩型铀矿床特殊性讨论

东胜砂岩型铀矿床具有诸多与国内外砂岩型铀矿床不同的地质现象，文章通过对该矿床的成矿地质环境、矿床地质特征和主要控矿因素等与国内外砂岩型铀矿床的对比分析，认为东胜砂岩型铀矿床经历了预富集阶段、古层间氧化作用阶段和油气后生还原作用阶段而形成的古层间氧化带型铀矿床，油气活动在铀成矿作用过程中具有提供铀源和还原剂的双重作用，在矿床形成后的后生还原作用对岩石地球化学环境进行了彻底改造，断裂构造对矿床的空间定位起到了至关重要的作用，属砂岩型铀矿床新类型。     

中国碳硅泥岩型铀矿床成矿规律探讨

碳硅泥岩型铀矿床是中国重要工业铀矿床类型之一。这类矿床具有明显的层控、构造控矿等一系列地质特征。矿床主要分布于古陆、古岛、古水下隆起边缘部位，产于地台边缘及邻近该边缘的显生宙（加里东－印支）地槽褶皱区内。铀成矿时代主要集中于白垩－第三纪。碳硅泥岩中铀成矿的时空分布规律与中国有关地区地壳演化及地壳运动有关，特别是与燕山－喜马拉雅期所发生的构造（构造－岩浆）活化改造密切相关。     

湖南会同早禾田铀矿床成矿地质特征

湖南会同早禾田矿床是湘西新元古界中发现的铀矿床,是中南地区唯一产在板溪群变质岩中的热液型铀矿床。铀矿体赋存在硅化断裂带及其两侧层间断裂破碎带中,呈似层状、透镜状、纺缍状,产状与地层及断裂构造基本一致。通过对本区地质特征、矿床地质特征的研究,分析了控矿规律,建立成矿模式,初步认为该矿床属于碳硅泥岩型沉积-热液-淋积亚类铀矿床。     

斯特列佐夫斯克铀矿床构造岩浆活化控矿特征及成矿规律

文章介绍了俄罗斯超大型斯特列佐夫斯克铀矿床区域构造、矿床地质构造和矿床地球化学特征及其构造岩浆活化控矿规律,指出它对我国赣杭火山带同类型的铀矿床的成矿规律研究和找矿勘探有重要的实际意义。     

层控矿床初论

层控矿床是目前国际矿床学研究的重点课题之一,它有重要的理论和实际意义。 层控矿床的含义和分类,现今还缺乏统一的意见。我们认为,固体矿床可分为内生、外生和复生三大类。后者经历了多次不同的成矿作用。层控矿床应限于在复生矿床这一大类范围之内,是指那些成矿物质在同生沉积的基础上经后期地质作用的改造而形成的、受一定地层层位、岩性和层状构造所控制的矿床。在全局上,矿床成带状、层状,而在局部则既有层状、也有脉状和不规则状。它具有同生沉积的特点,也具有后期热液成矿的特征。这类矿床混淆了内生成矿和外生成矿的严格界线,所以长期对该类矿床的成因都是有争议的。有人把基本上未经改造的外生矿床和某些内生矿床都划为层控矿床,这样未免把范围过于扩大化了,使层控矿床无所不有、包罗万象。如此,势必使矿床分类造成混乱。     

中国层控铜、铅、锌矿床的时间与空间分布特点

层控矿床是国际矿床学界近十余年来讨论最热烈的问题之一,国内矿床学者对层控矿床的研究近几年来也十分重视,但对其含义则说法不一。广义的层控矿床包括了一切层状矿床,而狭义的层控矿床则只指与岩浆活动无关的层状矿床。我们认为,层控矿床是一类受一定地层层位控制、矿体基本上(或主要部分)呈层状展布的一类矿床。矿床的形成往往经历了。一个比较复杂的成矿过程,既有同生沉积或火山—沉积作用的部分;又有后生作用(如岩浆、变质和热液等作用)的迭加和改造部分。因而它是     

华北地洼区北缘东部及邻区活化构造和铀成矿作用

该区处于欧亚东西向海西铀成矿带与环太平洋成矿带相交的有利部位。铀矿化产于地槽褶皱阶段、反射活化阶段和地洼阶段,具有铀成矿作用时间长、矿化类型多的特点。该区中新生代岩浆岩,特别是火山岩十分发育,与此相应地洼期铀成矿作用以热液型为主,特别是与火山作用有关的成矿作用具有十分重要的意义。     

热液型铀矿空间定位的控制因素

通过对华南热液型铀矿与区域断裂构造、区域岩浆岩的时空关系、成因联系进行综合分析,笔者认为,中新生代断陷红色碎屑沉积盆地(简称断陷红盆)的控盆深源断裂构造、多期多阶段富铀岩浆活动中心联合控制了铀矿田的空间定位。铀成矿与晚白垩世区域拉张作用时间相耦合,区域铀成矿作用主要发生在晚白垩世,与导致断陷红盆形成的控盆深源断裂构造关系密切,控盆深源断裂构造为铀矿区域控矿构造。铀成矿与中生代多期富铀岩浆岩(火山岩和花岗岩)关系密切,富铀岩浆活动中心指示深部地壳存在铀的高场;来源于地幔的流体交代富铀地壳及岩浆岩,形成铀成矿流体,而富铀岩浆岩则成为热液型铀矿的主要围岩。     

吉林通化地区地洼型花岗岩与成矿的某些特征

Magmatism with its relation to mineralization has long been considered one of the important topics in geotectonics and metallogeny. Based on a rough summary of the geotectonic features of this region, a tentative investigation has been made on Mesozoic granitic rocks as related in time and space to mineralization. This region has experienced three major periods in its geotectonic evolution: the Presinian geosynclinal period, the platform period spanning from Sinian to Middle Triassic, and the diwa period beginning from Late Triassic. In accordance with these periods, three principal tectonic stages with their successive substages have been identified (See Fig. 1). During Late Triassic, the platform collapsed and yielded its place to a new type active region.-the diwa region. According to the present geotectonic features, this paper has divided the region into tectonic areas of various classes, indicating that EW and NE trending structural systems together with their combinations make up the basic tectonic framework. This paper has also described quite in detail some basic characteristics of diwa type granitic xocks and their related endogenic ore deposits, denoting that tectono-magmatic-matallogenic zones were formed spatially under the control of tectonic stages, tectonic areas and tectonic systems. ln the Jingyu geodome series, granitic rocks occur chiefly in diwa; in the Hunjiang diwa series, there exists JianFusong intense tectono-magmatic zone-one of the major endogenic metallogenic zone in this region. Different tectono-magmatic periods have been indicated in this paper with their respective ore types illustrated. The evolution in time and space of granitic rocks have been further demonstrated petrologically and geochemically. Petrochemical data of 164 samples from 35 intrusive bodies reveal that SiO₂, K₂O+Na₂O, Fe₂O₃+FeO+MgO and Fe₂O₃/FeO increase regularly from early to late periods, accompanied by an apparent evolution of rocks and minerals. All this implies that this region bears the basic characteristics of magmatic activities of Cathaysoid diwa in eastern China while has its own regional peculiarity in rock and ore formation-and geotectonic evolution. The earliest intrusion of the Early Yenshanian Period has quite different qualities as compared with intrusions of other periods in such aspects as rock types, petrochemistry and metallogenic specialization, suggesting the probale existence of another independent evolution series of magmatic source. The contents of minor elements reflect the geochemical characteristics and the inherent metallogenic evolution trend in this region. They are direct indicators for ore-bearing parent rocks, as evidenced by the coincidence of the high concentration of these elements with the anomalies of geochemical exploration and of heavy placer mineral prospecting.     

吉林通化地区地洼型花岗岩与成矿的某些特征

岩浆活动与成矿的研究,是大地构造与成矿学中的一个重要课题,它着重探讨构造运动—岩浆活动—成矿作用之间的密切关系。本文根据作者在区内历年野外工作所见,结合有关单位的资料,以地洼学说为指导,在总结区内大地构造基本特征的基础上,对中生代花岗岩类与成矿的时空分布和其特征作些探讨。     

Characteristic Features of Tin–iron–copper Mineralization in the Anle-Huanggangliang Mining Area, Inner Mongolia, China

Abstract: The Anle Sn‐Cu and Huanggangliang Fe‐Sn deposits have been exploited in the Linxi district, which is located 165 km northwest of Chifeng City in northern China. In this study the formation mechanisms of the tin deposits in the Anle and Huanggangliang mining area were investigated to understand the mechanisms of tin mineralization in northern China. The veins of the Anle deposit are divided into cassiterite–quartz–chlorite veins, chalcopyrite‐bearing quartz veins, cassi–terite–chalcopyrite–bearing quartz veins and sphalerite‐quartz veins. The sequence of mineralization is tin mineralization (stage I), copper mineralization (stage II), and lead‐zinc mineralization (stage III). The Huanggangliang tin deposit consists of magnetite skarn orebodies and many cassiterite‐bearing feldspar–fluorite veins and veinlets cutting the magnetite orebodies. The fluid inclusions in quartz and fluorite in ores from the Anle and Huanggangliang tin deposits are divided into two‐phase fluid inclusions, vapor‐rich fluid inclusions and poly‐phase fluid inclusions. The final homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions of quartz in the ores of the Anle deposit and fluorite of tin‐bearing feldspar veins in the Huanggangliang tin deposit range from 195 to 425C and from 215 to 450C, respectively. The fluids responsible for the Anle and Huanggangliang tin deposits were of very high temperature and NaCl‐rich ones containing K, Ca, Al, Si, Ti, Fe and Cl in addition to ore metals such as Sn and Cu. The temperature and chemical composition of fluid in fluid inclusions of igneous rocks in the mining area are very similar to those of fluid in fluid inclusions in the ores of these deposits. The fluid for these ore deposits had a close relation with the fluid coexisting with melt of Late Jurassic granitic rocks in this mining area. Salinities of fluid inclusions from these ore deposits and granitic rocks in the mining area were estimated to range from 35 to 50 wt % NaCl equivalent. Based on arsenopy‐rite geothermometry and fluid inclusion studies, a fluid containing 40 wt% NaCl (eq.) could be formed by phase separation of fluid having 6 wt% NaCl (eq.) at a temperature of 420 to 500C and a pressure of 0.3 to 0.4 kb. The temperatures and pressures presented above indicate an NaCl‐rich magmatic fluid derived from granitic melt that had intruded into a shallow level of crust caused the Sn–Fe–Cu mineralization of the mining area. The geological relationship between these ore deposits and granitic bodies around the ore deposits, and the similarity of fluids forming these ore deposits and coexisting with granitic melt, suggest that these ore deposits were formed by the activity of fluid derived from granitic melt in Late Jurassic age.     

地洼区铀成矿的时间分布规律

根据国内外发现的地洼区及其与铀成矿时代的关系,分为早元古代、中元古代、晚元古代、早古生代、晚古生代,中生代和新生代等7个不同时代的地洼区。铀的成矿富集,发生在地洼阶段激烈期向余动期的过渡时间内。元古代地洼区地壳固结早,铀成矿年龄值大,地洼余动期时间长。中新生代地洼区地壳固结晚,铀成矿年龄值小,地洼余动期时间较短。     

Ag-Cu-Pb-Bi-S Minerals Newly Discovered from the Ohori Base Metal Deposit, Yamagata Prefecture, NE Japan: Implications for Bi-metallogenesis in the Green-Tuff Region

The Ohori deposit, one of the base metal deposits in the Green-Tuff region, NE Japan, is composed of two types of mineralization; a skarn-type (Kaninomata orebody) made by the replacement of the Miocene calcareous layer, and a vein-type (Nakanomata orebody). While the ore mineral assemblage of the deposit (chalcopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite and galena) has been known for being rather simple, some Pb-Bi-S minerals have been discovered for the first time in the present study. The minerals mainly occur in the chalcopyrite-rich ores of both orebodies. They essentially belong to the Pb-Bi-S system and contain Cu and Ag in minor amounts, which correspond to the lillianite–gustavite solid solution series (phases Z and X), cosalite, neyite, felbertalite, krupkaite and Bi-bearing galena. The chalcopyrite-rich (Bi-bearing) ores from both orebodies are richer in chalcopyrite, pyrite and chlorite, and have higher homogenization temperatures (>300°C) of fluid inclusions, and higher FeS contents in sphalerite compared to the Bi-free ores. In the Green-Tuff region, Bi-minerals have been reported from many base metal deposits. Most of these Bi-bearing ore deposits are referred to as xenothermal-type deposits, and are characterized by the following common features; composite mineralization of high- and low-temperatures in the shallower environments, and close relationships with the Tertiary granitic rocks. The whole mineralization at the Ohori deposit also has a similar xenothermal character because of the coexistence of high-temperature chalcopyrite-rich ores with Pb-Bi-S minerals, which were formed by the influence of the Tertiary granitic rocks at a shallow depth.     

内蒙古狼山地区的层控铀矿及其控制因素的卫片影象模式

狼山地区广泛分布着花岗岩型铀矿化和砂岩型铀矿化。本文通过对该区的遥感地质综合解译,重点研究了几个含铀盆地的砂岩型铀矿化成矿特点及其通感图象的影象特征,发现广布于早白垩世断陷盆地的砂岩型铀矿化是一典型的层控型铀矿。并通过区域构造型式的研究,强调了弧形构造的断块活动特征及其对含铀盆地和含矿层分布的控制作用;揭示了弧形构造的后期活动和环形构造、北北东向线性构造与铀矿化的再造关系。从而得出砂岩铀矿化是受地层岩相和弧、环、线构造“四位一体”条件控制的新认识。该矿化在MSS图象上呈现一定的影象特征,据此,本文概括出本区层控铀矿的影象模式。     

皖南宁国竹溪岭钨银矿床及相关岩体的同位素地质年龄

皖南宁国竹溪岭钨银矿床是近年来发现的一个与花岗岩类有关的矽卡岩型矿床,准确厘定其成矿年龄及相关侵入岩体的年龄有利于深入认识区域岩浆作用与成矿作用的规律。本文在矿床地质调查的基础上,应用现代同位素定年技术开展地质年代学研究,获得矿床矿石中的辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄为142.7±2.1 Ma和142.9±2.1 Ma,相关侵入岩体花岗闪长岩、花岗斑岩和花岗闪长斑岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为139.8±1.8 Ma、143.3±1.9 Ma、140.2±1.7 Ma,显示矿床的成矿年龄与侵入岩体的成岩年龄基本一致,为燕山晚期早白垩世。矿床矿石中的辉钼矿的Re含量指示成矿物质来源于地壳和地幔的混合;与成矿相关侵入岩的稀土元素和Hf同位素组成特征指示成岩物质也具有壳幔混源特征,显示成矿物质来源与成岩物质来源具有一致性。区域岩浆岩和矿床的对比表明,与之相邻的长江中下游地区、浙西地区和赣东北地区乃至整个华南地区这一时期发生了大规模的岩浆作用和钨锡多金属成矿作用,显示扬子板块在此阶段处于岩浆–成矿大爆发时期,皖南地区的成矿时代对应于华南中生代三次大规模岩浆作用和成矿作用的第二阶段。