湖北阳新县丰山铜矿成矿地质条件、成矿规律及深部找矿预测

为实现矿区新一轮深部找矿突破,在总结矿床地质特征的基础上,结合中国冶金地质总局中南地质调查院近年来在丰山铜矿完成的地质勘查资料,对矿床成矿地质条件与成矿规律进行综合分析。研究表明：成矿受NWW向断裂、轴向近EW向的复式褶皱、封三洞花岗闪长斑岩岩体及岩体接触带等因素控制,大冶群第六段为成矿有利围岩,矿化及围岩蚀变具有垂向分带和水平分带特征,垂向分带表现为自上而下依次呈现Fe、Cu→Cu、Mo→Mo、Cu矿化,水平分带则表现为自岩体内至岩体外,依次出现斑岩型Cu、Mo矿→矽卡岩型Cu、Mo矿→热液脉型Pb、Zn (Au、Ag)多金属矿。矽卡岩型主矿体主要赋存于构造应力集中的次级褶皱构造轴部顶缘与滑脱(断裂)叠加的接触带地段及其附近,其次赋存于主接触带附近的有利成矿围岩,形成独有的厚大扁豆体矿体和似层状矿体,据此开展深部找矿预测,认为丰山铜矿3～17线深部仍存在矽卡岩型矿体,研究成果可为新一轮找矿突破提供参考。     

福建龙岩中甲锡多金属矿地质特征及成矿模式探讨

福建龙岩中甲锡多金属矿位于华夏陆块的永安-梅州-惠阳多金属成矿带(Ⅲ级)的南段,是晚侏罗世-早白垩世构造岩浆活动的产物。通过野外地质调查、岩石学、地球化学和综合研究等方法,研究了该矿床的地质及地球化学特征。结果表明:锡矿体主要贮存在花岗斑岩及其接触带,以花岗斑岩为中心,矿化蚀变分为2个带,内带为高温的黄玉云英岩化带,主要为钨锡矿化;外带为中温的绢英岩化带,主要为锡钼矿化。早白垩世花岗斑岩富铁、富挥发分,各类成矿元素含量高,矿化蚀变以花岗斑岩为中心具规律性分带特征,为锡矿的成矿地质体。矿化蚀变自花岗斑岩延至接触带,说明该矿属斑岩型锡矿。探讨了该锡多金属矿与构造岩浆活动的关系,讨论了成矿过程,初步研究其成矿模式。     

青海东昆仑鸭子沟多金属矿床地质地球化学特征及找矿前景分析

鸭子沟矿床是青海祁漫塔格地区新近发现的铜、钼、铅、锌多金属矿床。笔者基于详细野外地质调查,开展了地质地球化学研究,分析了找矿前景。该矿床产出2种矿化类型:一种为矽卡岩型铜铅锌矿,矿体主要产于印支期二长花岗岩与滩间山群大理岩接触部位的矽卡岩带中;另一种为产于印支期花岗斑岩中的斑岩型铜钼矿。通过对侵入岩岩石地球化学分析,并结合区域地质构造演化分析,表明与矽卡岩型矿化密切相关的花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩,以及与斑岩型成矿密切相关的钾长花岗斑岩均属弱过铝质的高钾钙碱性花岗岩类,形成于碰撞后构造环境。基于矿区成矿地质条件和地球物理、地球化学特征综合分析,认为该区具有良好的找矿前景。     

西藏加布呀地区多源成矿有利信息分析及找矿应用

加布呀地区地处班公错-怒江金、铬、铂、钯、镍成矿亚带,成矿地质条件较为优越,找矿潜力较大。本文在分析区域铜多金属成矿规律基础上,利用WorldView-2高分辨率遥感数据对加布呀地区成矿有利信息进行遥感地质解译,利用Aster数据提取的蚀变异常信息,综合分析加布呀地区成矿有利信息特征,构建了铜多金属矿找矿模型、圈定了找矿靶区,经野外查证发现了铜多金属矿化。     

河南灵宝银家沟硫铁多金属矿床成矿地质条件及找矿方向

位于河南省灵宝市朱阳镇境内银家沟硫铁多金属矿床是一个拥有Cu、Au、S、Fe、Mo、Pb、Zn多种成矿元素的独立工业矿床,且各具一定规模。通过对该矿床、矿体地质特征及成矿地质条件分析研究,认为该矿床受矿源层官道口群龙家园组和巡检司组白云岩,多组断裂构造交汇部位,燕山期花岗斑岩体及其接触带构造联合控制,属斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床。在这一认识基础上总结了找矿标志及找矿方向。     

甘肃早子沟金矿三维建模与综合成矿预测

甘肃早子沟金矿是西秦岭成矿带上矿床规模较大,研究程度较高的构造蚀变岩性金矿典型代表。针对早子沟金矿床深部找矿方向与成矿潜力,本文采用三维地质建模手段,成矿有利信息提取方法,开展基于找矿地质模型的三维建模与综合成矿预测。研究结果表明:甘肃早子沟金矿适用于控矿断裂+有利岩体+有利围岩蚀变+等间距控矿的综合地质找矿模型;地质异常变量定量分析与提取结果在地质认识上均得到较好的印证,综合成矿预测结果显示矿床明显受多期次构造控制矿化叠加富集,Au1、Au9、Au30、M16等主矿体深部具有良好的找矿潜力。     

综合物探方法在鸭子沟铜多金属矿勘查上的应用

青海省鸭子沟铜多金属矿区花岗闪长岩及其滩间山群碳酸盐岩发育,是形成矽卡岩型铜多金属矿(化)体的主要控矿因素。结合区域地质、地球物理及地球化学特征,在其所判定的成矿远景区,开展了以激电中梯和地面高精度磁测为组合方式的综合物探找矿实践。利用激电中梯扫面方式圈定出激电异常体,利用地面高精度磁测来了解区内主要地质体的磁性特征,在主要剖面上部署激电测深剖面,指导钻探工作进行。勘探结果表明找矿方式效果显著、经济高效,对同类地质成矿地区的隐伏多金属矿勘探工作具有一定的参考价值。     

柴达木盆地北缘滩涧山金矿遥感综合找矿模式

通过ETM卫星图像的成矿信息提取,获取滩涧山金矿的遥感地质标志信息和遥感矿化蚀变信息,然后以遥感地质信息、遥感矿化蚀变信息和物化探信息等作为评价因子,构建滩涧山金矿遥感综合成矿模式,指导柴达木盆地北缘成矿带的金矿遥感成矿预测.预测结果表明:秦川沟-千枚岭、万洞沟、独龙沟3个地区具有较好的金矿遥感综合成矿条件.通过野外查证和采样化验证明:秦川沟-千枚岭滩涧山群(O2ST)板岩及石英脉中的Au:0.30×10-6;独龙沟北段滩涧山群(O2ST)绿泥石化安山岩中石英脉样Au:1.22×10-6;独龙沟南段断裂带内滩涧山群(O2ST)绿泥石化安山岩及凝灰岩矿化带Au:0.37×10-6;万洞沟断裂带内滩涧山群(O2ST)安山岩夹凝灰岩矿化带中Au:0.48×10-6.具有较好的金矿找矿线索.因此,应用滩涧山金矿(典型矿床)的遥感综合找矿标志模式在柴达木北缘成矿带(同一成矿带)进行遥感找矿预测取得了良好的效果.可作为一种地质找矿方法在西部地区推广.     

云南北衙地区成矿地球化学特征及找矿方向

利用北衙整装勘查区1∶20万水系沉积物地球化学数据,综合分析了地层、岩浆岩、典型矿床主要成矿元素Ag、Au、Cu、Pb、Zn的富集规律,对元素分布特征、综合异常特征、相关性及异常元素组合特征进行初步研究,确定了找矿有利指标组合;通过对比北衙金矿区典型矿床成矿地质、地球化学特征,结合地层、岩浆岩等找矿标志预测北衙地区的找矿远景区。结果表明:综合区域上的地层、构造、岩浆岩和区域矿产等资料,对成矿元素异常组合进行地球化学分区是可行的,能有效反映致矿异常,突出矿化信息;根据区域单元素Au、Ag、Pb、Zn、Cu地球化学特征以及组合元素异常特征结合成矿地质背景,指出了炭窑金矿、铅锌矿找矿靶区;马鞍山北部金矿找矿靶区,为北衙整装勘查区外围找矿提供了指导作用。     

云南马厂箐多金属矿床地质地球化学特征及成矿机制探讨

云南马厂箐多金属矿床是金沙江-哀牢山构造带上与喜马拉雅期富碱斑岩有关的Cu、Mo、Au 成矿的典型代表之一。矿体（脉）的产出与富碱斑岩体（脉）在空间上共存、时间上相近或稍晚、成因上密切相关, 蚀变和成矿分带明显。岩体内产出斑岩型Mo、Cu 矿化, 以Mo 矿化为主; 岩体与围岩接触带产出接触交代型Cu、Mo、Au、Fe 矿化, 以Cu、Fe 矿化为主, Au 矿化较弱; 而距接触带稍远的围岩地层中则产出Au、Pb、Zn 矿化。流体包裹体研究表明, 从马厂箐矿段→乱硐山矿段→人头箐-金厂箐矿段, 流体包裹体具有相态组合逐渐简单, 温度、盐度逐渐降低, 成矿压力逐渐减小, 成矿深度逐渐变浅的趋势。同位素地球化学研究表明, 马厂箐Cu、Mo、Au 多金属矿属于同一个岩浆和流体成矿系统在不同物理化学条件下的产物, 表现出随流体成矿作用的进行, 矿化由斑岩体内部向接触带和围岩地层推进, 富碱岩浆和地幔流体作用逐渐减弱, 而围岩地层的影响则逐渐增强, 流体性质由幔源向壳幔混合直至壳源为主演化。最后探讨了马厂箐Cu、Mo、Au 多金属矿的成矿机制, 并初步预测该矿床具有较好的深部成矿潜力。     

海南岭壳铜(银-金)矿床地质特征及找矿方向

岭壳铜(银-金)矿床赋存于白垩纪岭壳村组流纹质角砾凝灰熔岩和早白垩世花岗闪长岩中.目前已发现11条铜(银-金)矿(化)体,矿体的产出严格受断裂破碎带控制,与成矿关系密切的围岩蚀变呈现出自东(20线)向西的钾化→绢云母化→强高岭石化、绿泥石化蚀变分带,矿化相应呈现从铜(金)向铜(银)的过渡.根据其对称性的蚀变分带,应加强20线以东的地质找矿;根据成矿元素分形和统计研究发现,Au,Ag矿化具有专属性,即在流纹质凝灰熔岩中寻找Cu,Ag矿,而在花岗闪长岩中以寻找Cu,Au矿为主.     

江西城门山矿田块状硫化物型矿体矿化分带特征

通过城门山矿田矿床地质、矿体走向及倾向上的厚度及品位变化情况总结其矿化特征,根据成矿温度及地球化学成矿条件研究该矿体矿化富集规律的控制因素,并从矿化特征方面佐证讨论该类矿床的成因及外围找矿方向。研究表明,矿体矿化沿水平及垂向上均具有分带特征,大致表现为沿热液中心向外为Mo、Cu、Zn、Pb、Ag、Au元素的分带,从地表向下为TFe、Au、Ag、Pb、Zn、Cu元素的分带。除此之外,矿化还具有差异特征,表现为走向上矿体两端发育的不一致性、倾向上的局部豆荚状发育特征。本次工作厘定的分带性及差异性分别佐证了矿床的热液成因与沉积成因,并预测外围具有较好的多金属找矿前景,且东段好于西段。      

Regional geochemical prospecting in Calabria, Southern Italy

A governmental regional drainage survey assessed the mineral potential of Calabria in 1974. The Calabria area of southern Italy is a mineralized region in which Penninic and Austro-Alpine nappes, comprising ophiolites, metasedimentary rocks (phyllites, paragneiss, granulites, amphibolites) and granitic and granodiorite plutons, are overthrusting carbonate Apenninic nappes. Pre-Alpine stratabound and vein-type base-metal sulfide mineralization predominate, tectonically redistributed during the Alpine orogeny.A total of 5518 samples of the original 6999 active stream sediments from an area of 10,000 km² were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence and atomic absorption for Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg, Fe, Mn, As, W, Mo, Sn, and Be on the minus 180 μm fraction. Follow-up investigation of a 39-km² area around Bivongi-Ferdinandea using 760 soil samples analyzed for Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, K, Mo, and Au, investigated molybdenite and chalcopyrite occurrences associated with granodiorite.A five-factor R-mode factor analysis reflected geological and mineralization features in the reconnaissance data. Factor 1 (Fe-Mn-Cu-Zn) is related to the Fe and Mn distribution in the stream sediments. Factor 2 (Be-Sn) reflects presence of pegmatites within metamorphic and magmatic rocks. Factor 5 (Mo) is essentially a single-element factor. Factor 4 (As-Pb-Zn-Hg-Cu) reflects mineralization. Factor 3 (W-Ba) does not cluster in association with any specific lithological unit. Significant metal associations, recognized from R-mode factor analysis, were used as independent variables and regressed against the original metal concentration of each sample. Residuals of multiple regression analysis, differentiated features representing mineralization from those related either to lithologic or geochemical parameters. New prospecting targets were identified and areas of known mineral occurrences were evident in the distinction of residuals.R-mode factor analysis of data from the follow-up investigation identified three factors. Factor 2 (Mo-K) reflects Mo mineralization and associated hydrothermally altered areas but does not suggest additional target areas.     

Metallogeny of precious and base metal mineralization in the Murchison Greenstone Belt, South Africa: indications from U–Pb and Pb–Pb geochronology

The 3.09 to 2.97 Ga Murchison Greenstone Belt is an important metallotect in the northern Kaapvaal Craton (South Africa), hosting several precious and base metal deposits. Central to the metallotect is the Antimony Line, striking ENE for over 35?km, which hosts a series of structurally controlled Sb–Au deposits. To the north of the Antimony Line, hosted within felsic volcanic rocks, is the Copper–Zinc Line where a series of small, ca. 2.97 Ga Cu–Zn volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS)-type deposits occur. New data are provided for the Malati Pump gold mine, located at the eastern end of the Antimony Line. Crystallizations of a granodiorite in the Malati Pump Mine and of the Baderoukwe granodiorite are dated at 2,964?±?7 and 2,970?±?7?Ma, respectively (zircon U–Pb), while pyrite associated with gold mineralization yielded a Pb–Pb age of 2,967?±?48?Ma. Therefore, granodiorite emplacement, sulfide mineral deposition and gold mineralization all happened at ca. 2.97?Ga. It is, thus, suggested that the major styles of orogenic Au–Sb and the Cu–Zn VMS mineralization in the Murchison Greenstone Belt are contemporaneous and that the formation of meso- to epithermal Au–Sb mineralization at fairly shallow levels was accompanied by submarine extrusion of felsic volcanic rocks to form associated Cu–Zn VMS mineralization.     

黑龙江省松江Cu-W-Zn多金属矿床地球化学特征及矿质来源

松江Cu-W-Zn多金属矿床是我国东北地区开发较早的一个矿床,随着开采的深入已进入危机矿山阶段。结合区域地质背景、矿床特征、地球化学特征综合分析认为：松江矿床具有典型接触交代成因特征,成矿作用与花岗闪长岩体有密切关系,且花岗闪长岩形成环境具有典型岛弧或活动大陆边缘火山岩相类似的属性。花岗闪长岩、矽卡岩矿石和大理岩三者在稀土丰度、配分型式上均具有较强可比性。W、Mo等成矿元素主要来自花岗闪长岩,Pb主要来自碳酸盐围岩,而Cu、Zn则可能同时来源于二者,但Cu更趋向于后者,Zn更趋向于前者;这很好地解释了松江矿床由岩体到围岩依次出现的Mo-W矿化、Fe-Cu矿化、Cu-Pb-Zn矿化、Pb-Zn矿化的分带现象。     

陕西南秦岭南部褶皱带贵金属、有色金属成矿规律及找矿方向

南秦岭南部褶皱带是秦岭造山带的重要组成部分，随着找矿勘查工作的深入，相继发现了一系列金、银、锑、铅、锌、铜矿床（点），成为陕西省又一重要有色、贵金属成矿带。南秦岭南部元古宙至中生代多次发生火山成矿作用、沉积或喷流沉积成矿作用和构造-岩浆成矿作用，金、银、锑、铅、锌、铜成矿具有一定的规律，找矿前景好。从资源潜力及经济意义上来看，金应该是该区的主攻矿种。同时，应该兼顾银、锑、铅、锌、铜的找矿工作。开展自水江-留坝成矿带金、银锑找矿、牛山隆起北缘成矿带金铜多金属找矿和红椿坝断裂两侧铜金找矿是主要找矿方向。     

Geochemical soil prospecting in Northwest Kalimantan, Indonesia

A target area in northwestern Kalimantan, Indonesia, already defined by a geochemical stream-sediment survey, has been further investigated by geochemical analysis of soils and samples of test pits. Overlapping geochemical anomalies in the soils were found for Cu, Mo, Au and Bi. Anomalies and high values of the other elements, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn and As, can be explained by lithology and by scavenging and coprecipitation phenomena at the break of slopes.With the aid of detailed geochemical mapping and mineralogical and petrographic analysis the Cu-Mo-Au-Bi anomaly was explained by a porphyry-type mineralization consisting mainly of chalcopyrite and molybdenite within a quartz-enriched granodiorite. Hydrothermal alteration consists of a potassic zone, including the anomaly, and a broad propylitic zone. This type of mineralization is related to the plate-tectonic evolution of Sundaland. The possibility of a belt of porphyry-type mineralization in western Kalimantan is proposed.     

分形模型在黑龙江漠河地区金矿成矿预测中的应用

以漠河地区4 830个样品的化探数据为基础,采用“Ｃ-Ａ”(含量-面积)分形模型,通过对Au、Cu、Zn、Pb分维计算,揭示出各元素空间分布的分形结构特征和无标度区范围,得出Au、Cu、Zn、Pb元素化探异常下限值分别为3.1×10^-9、28.1×10^-6、114.1×10^-6、28.4×10^-6,圈定出33个金异常区。根据金异常区与主要地质要素及Cu、Zn、Pb异常区的关系,确定远景区分布于白卡鲁山－长缨站、笔架山－马林林场、蒙克山－防火站、富乐－阿木鲁山,共8个区域具有金矿找矿前景。预测结果表明,5个已知金矿化点落入其中2个预测区内,其余6个预测区中呈无已知矿化点,但具有找矿前景。     

含金硫化物矿床的表生富集型金矿

虎圩金矿位于湿热多雨的江西省东部，赋存在东乡火山岩盆地北部，江南地体与赣中地体的拼接带上，因此，矿区断裂构造发育，岩浆活动频繁。金矿化产于燕山中期侵入的花岗闪长玢岩的内外接触带上。矿化以充填交代张性断裂构造带的脉状形式产出。矿体为不规则脉状和透镜状，具明显的垂直分带现象。上部为氧化矿石、具黑色土状、蜂窝状构造，Ａｕ含量达工业品位以上，形成金矿体、此外，氧化矿石还富Ｃｏ，相对贫Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ａｇ和Ｐｂ     

Geochemical distribution and supergene behavior of indium at the Pingüino epithermal polymetallic vein system,Patagonia, Argentina

The Pingüino deposit, located in the low sulfidation epithermal metallogenic province of the Deseado Massif, Patagonia, Argentina, represents a distinct deposit type for this region. It evolved through two different mineralization events: an early In-bearing polymetallic event that introduced In, Zn, Pb, Ag, Cd, Au, As, Cu, Sn, W and Bi, represented by a complex sulfide assemblage, and late Ag–Au quartz-rich veining that crosscut and overprinted the early polymetallic mineralization. Three In-bearing mineralization stages were identified within the polymetallic event. Iron-rich sphalerite of the second stage is the major In carrier in the deposit. The spatial distribution of In within the veins shows its maximum mean values in the Marta Centro and Ivonne Norte veins, in a pattern similar to the Zn distribution, showing a close spatial relation with the unexposed Kasia intrusive complex. At the vein scale, and in the hypogene zone, the In distribution is associated with variations in the temperature of mineralizing fluids. The vertical distribution of In within the veins exhibits consistent values both below and above the oxidation level, resembling the behavior of Pb and Sn, and therefore suggesting that In behaves as an immobile element during vein weathering.