微机遥感影像数字高程自动提取技术

本文研究了利用航天遥感影像自动提取数字高程模型(DEM)的方法技术,建立了一整套利用SPOT影像提取DEM的方案。该方案改进和发展了多级影像匹配策略,采用了多种适合于微机的快速算法。根据该方案开发了相应的微机软件系统。试验结果表明,整套技术方案和算法可行,结果具有较高的精度和可靠性,软件运行速度较快,有较强的实用性。     

基于多源遥感影像融合的影像匹配技术

多源遥感影像数据配准,常用的方法是多项式纠正法。此方法简单,但不能有效实现图像之间的相互配准。本文介绍了一种基于影像匹配的图像对图像局部纠正技术,包括影像直方图匹配、特征点提取、影像匹配处理技术,以及图像对图像局部纠正等技术,用于多源数据的配准。实验证明这种流程适合不同时相、不同传感器遥感数据(TM数据、SPOT数据与航空影像数据)的精确配准,配准误差可达到子像元级别。     

基于小波影像金字塔的影像自动匹配

数字影像高精度快速匹配是遥感影像3维信息提取的关键技术之一，文中对如何实现数字影像自动化匹配进行了研究，提出了一种基于小波影像金字塔的数字影像自动匹配方法。该方法在生成小波影像金字塔的基础上，利用交叉相关算法实现不同影像金字塔同一层影像间的匹配，利用视差控制将同名点从金字塔高层影像向低层影像进行传递。利用该方法对具体的SPOT影像进行了实验，表明基于小波影像金字塔的数字影像自动匹配方法具有较好的效果。     

基于小波影像金字塔的影像自动匹配

数字影像高精度快速匹配是遥感影像3维信息提取的关键技术之一,文中对如何实现数字影像自动化匹配进行了研究,提出了一种基于小波影像金字塔的数字影像自动匹配方法.该方法在生成小波影像金字塔的基础上,利用交叉相关算法实现不同影像金字塔同一层影像间的匹配;利用视差控制将同名点从金字塔高层影像向低层影像进行传递.利用该方法对具体的SPOT影像进行了实验,表明基于小波影像金字塔的数字影像自动匹配方法具有较好的效果.     

POS辅助航带间航摄影像的自动转点

提出一种利用POS提供的影像定向参数辅助区域航空摄影测量中航带间影像自动转点方法。首先,对航带内影像采用金字塔影像匹配策略寻求同名像点,以获得航向间影像连接点的精确像片坐标;然后利用POS提供的影像定向参数预测航带间的影像连接点。再通过对相邻航线间待匹配窗口影像的几何变形改正,在由POS数据辅助建立的核线几何条件约束下,直接在原始影像上找寻同名像点;最后经最小二乘匹配使影像匹配结果达到子像素级精度。试验表明,将POS数据引入航带间的影像自动转点中,不但可以简化影像匹配过程、提高自动化水平,而且较常规影像匹配方法可以提高航带间自动转点的成功率34.0%,并节省76.7%的CPU耗时。     

基于小波变换的分层影像匹配

提出一种小波变换支持的基于灰度和基于特征相结合的分层匹配方案用于DEM自动生成,利用航空与航天影像(MOMS-02,SPOT)进行的试验表明,该方案具有基于灰度、基于特征和分层影像匹配的优点,能以较少的代价获得高精度、高可靠性的匹配结果.     

卫星影像像控点的自动转点方法研究

针对以往多源影像中人工选取同名点费时费力并且精度低,本文首先利用SIFT特征匹配得到的同名像点作初值进行仿射变换,生成变换后影像,然后对基准影像与变换后影像进行相关系数匹配并利用双向匹配删除误匹配点,最后通过仿射逆变换得到原始影像上的同名像点位置。利用此方法对资源三号影像后视影像和实践九号全色影像进行试验,实验证明,结果明显优于在原始影像上直接进行相关系数匹配,可以很好地代替人工选点工作,大大减小了人工选取同名点的工作量。     

物方面元匹配在倾斜摄影三维重建中的应用

采用传统的最小二乘影像匹配方法匹配倾斜影像时,倾斜影像灰度和几何畸变较大,地物遮挡较多,导致匹配到的同名像点分布不均匀,匹配可靠性较低影响三维重建效果.提出采用物方面元匹配方法对倾斜影像做精化匹配.匹配方法的过程是:首先根据初匹配生成的物点信息,采用物方差分法计算物方面元的法向量方向角;然后根据极限约束估计同名像点坐标,进而前方交会求解物方面元高程初值;最后将物方面元法向量方向角和高程初值带入条件方程,做最小二乘匹配迭代计算,实现倾斜影像同名点匹配.在经过实验验证后发现:本文方法用于倾斜影像匹配时,可提高同名点匹配的可靠性和分布的均匀性.     

一种综合利用像方和物方信息的多影像匹配方法

提出一种综合利用像方和物方信息的多影像匹配方法.首先对各原始影像采用3×3像元平均法生成4层金字塔影像,并在最高层金字塔影像中计算各搜索影像与基准影像的初始视差;然后从第3层金字塔影像开始进行基准影像与各搜索影像的匹配,并对各立体像对的匹配结果进行物方融合,剔除部分误匹配点,获得较精确的物方空间信息,以用于下一层金字塔影像的匹配.此过程融入带几何约束条件的相关系数法匹配和整体松弛法匹配策略;最后通过对某地区一组大重叠度数码航空影像的匹配试验,证实该方法的有效性.通过检测所生成的DSM精度,表明相对于传统的双片影像匹配方法,多影像的匹配可以有效剔除误匹配点并显著提高影像匹配的成功率.     

一种针对大倾角影像匹配粗差剔除的算法

提出了一种基于影像像方曲面元变换的影像匹配粗差剔除算法。结合影像匹配算法实践,在由粗到精的匹配过程中嵌入该方法,可以有效控制匹配误差和修正匹配参数。以低空影像与近景影像等大倾角影像为例,证明该方法可以极大地降低匹配结果中的粗差,保证影像匹配的质量和效率。     

遥感图像数据复合方法

遥感图像数据复合是将多种遥感图像数据融合成一种新的图像数据的技术 ,是目前遥感应用分析的前沿 ,它主要包括几何配准和彩色变换两个方面的内容。几何配准采用相对配准和绝对配准两种方法 ;彩色变换采用 RGB彩色系统和 IHS彩色系统之间的变换。对SPOT和 TM图像数据进行复合实验 ,获得了一种新的复合图像。     

利用SPOT影象提取高程信息的研究

本文从理论上分析了以全数字化方法从SPOT影象提取高程信息关键环节上的问题和所采取的方法。根据影象成象特点,采用时序变化的外方位元素数学模型,其中精确选取控制点、合理选取初值和确定等效焦距、线元素和角元素分开解算迭代是十分重要的措施。采用新的数据组织方法可以避免高程内插中的精度损失。利用卫星影象特点,实现由粗到精的多级影象匹配,同时引人改化的高精度最小二乘匹配,使整个匹配过程既保障了可靠性又满足精度要求。马赛地区SPOT象对窗的DEM生成结果表明,在影象质量得到保证,时差不大的前提下,可以达到10米高程精度。     

Field-based sub-boundary extraction from remote sensing imagery using perceptual grouping

This study presents an approach for the automatic extraction of dynamic sub-boundaries within existing agricultural fields from remote sensing imagery using perceptual grouping. We define sub-boundaries as boundaries, where a change in crop type takes a place within the fixed geometry of an agricultural field. To perform field-based processing and analysis operations, the field boundary data and satellite imagery are integrated. The edge pixels are detected using the Canny edge detector. The edge pixels are then analyzed to find the connected edge chains and from these chains the line segments are detected using the graph-based vectorization method. The spurious line segments are eliminated through a line simplification process. The perceptual grouping of the line segments is employed for detecting sub-boundaries and constructing sub-fields within the fixed geometry of agricultural fields. Our strategy for perceptual grouping involves the Gestalt laws of proximity, continuation, symmetry and closure. The processing and analysis operations are carried out on field-by-field basis. For each field, the geometries of sub-boundaries are determined through analyzing the line segments that fall within the field and the extracted sub-boundaries are integrated with the fixed geometry of the field.The experimental validation of the approach was carried out on the SPOT4 multispectral (XS) and SPOT5 XS images that cover an agricultural area located in the north-west section of Turkey. The overall matching percentages between the reference data and the automatically extracted sub-boundaries were computed to be 82.6% and 76.2% for the SPOT5 and SPOT4 images respectively. The higher matching percentage of the SPOT5 image is due to the fact that some of the boundaries present in the SPOT5 image were not detected in the coarser resolution SPOT4 image. For the SPOT5 image, of the total 292 fields processed, 177 showed a total agreement between the detected segments and the reference data. For the SPOT4 image, 154 fields showed a total agreement between the detected segments and the reference data.     

Image matching as a data source for forest inventory – Comparison of Semi-Global Matching and Next-Generation Automatic Terrain Extraction algorithms in a typical managed boreal forest environment

Image matching is emerging as a compelling alternative to airborne laser scanning (ALS) as a data source for forest inventory and management. There is currently an open discussion in the forest inventory community about whether, and to what extent, the new method can be applied to practical inventory campaigns. This paper aims to contribute to this discussion by comparing two different image matching algorithms (Semi-Global Matching [SGM] and Next-Generation Automatic Terrain Extraction [NGATE]) and ALS in a typical managed boreal forest environment in southern Finland. Spectral features from unrectified aerial images were included in the modeling and the potential of image matching in areas without a high resolution digital terrain model (DTM) was also explored. Plot level predictions for total volume, stem number, basal area, height of basal area median tree and diameter of basal area median tree were modeled using an area-based approach. Plot level dominant tree species were predicted using a random forest algorithm, also using an area-based approach. The statistical difference between the error rates from different datasets was evaluated using a bootstrap method.Results showed that ALS outperformed image matching with every forest attribute, even when a high resolution DTM was used for height normalization and spectral information from images was included. Dominant tree species classification with image matching achieved accuracy levels similar to ALS regardless of the resolution of the DTM when spectral metrics were used. Neither of the image matching algorithms consistently outperformed the other, but there were noticeably different error rates depending on the parameter configuration, spectral band, resolution of DTM, or response variable. This study showed that image matching provides reasonable point cloud data for forest inventory purposes, especially when a high resolution DTM is available and information from the understory is redundant.     

Cascaded image analysis for dynamic crack detection in material testing

Concrete probes in civil engineering material testing often show fissures or hairline-cracks. These cracks develop dynamically. Starting at a width of a few microns, they usually cannot be detected visually or in an image of a camera imaging the whole probe. Conventional image analysis techniques will detect fissures only if they show a width in the order of one pixel. To be able to detect and measure fissures with a width of a fraction of a pixel at an early stage of their development, a cascaded image analysis approach has been developed, implemented and tested. The basic idea of the approach is to detect discontinuities in dense surface deformation vector fields. These deformation vector fields between consecutive stereo image pairs, which are generated by cross correlation or least squares matching, show a precision in the order of 1/50 pixel. Hairline-cracks can be detected and measured by applying edge detection techniques such as a Sobel operator to the results of the image matching process. Cracks will show up as linear discontinuities in the deformation vector field and can be vectorized by edge chaining. In practical tests of the method, cracks with a width of 1/20 pixel could be detected, and their width could be determined at a precision of 1/50 pixel.     

影像匹配中金字塔数据结构比较与快速算法

分析了多种金字塔数据结构的生成方法 ,比较了不同方法在影像匹配中的优劣 ,并提出了一种影像金字塔生成的快速算法。     

数字影像匹配质量的一种自动诊断方法

利用欲诊断的影像匹配结果（ＤＥＭ），由左、右片影像自动生成数字正射像片对和立体正射像片对，然后用影像匹配方法自动量测其高程和高程改正值，从而自动诊断并自行改正原来影像的匹配结果，同时提供ＤＥＭ、数字正射影像和立体正射像片对３种产品。     

基于有理多项式系数模型的物方面元最小二乘匹配

针对物方面元最小二乘匹配仅适用于单中心投影框幅式成像的匹配制作区域DSM问题,提出基于有理多项式系数（RPC）模型的物方面元最小二乘匹配算法,结合匹配窗口区域内多中心平行投影方式,构建RPC模型下的投影方程,将物方面元最小二乘匹配算法从适用于单中心投影框幅式成像扩展到适用于多中心投影推扫式成像的立体匹配,并用SPOT5-HRG、GeoEye、IKONOS立体影像进行试验验证。试验表明,RPC模型能用于物方面元最小二乘匹配且不损失匹配精度,增加了物方面元最小二乘匹配的应用范围和价值。