文化地理学概念、理论的逻辑关系之分析——以“学科树”分析近年中国大陆文化地理学进展

梳理近年中国大陆文化地理学进展,需要说明近年代表性的研究课题或著述与文化地理学学科体系之间的关系。1990-2005年中国大陆文化地理学主要从五个文化地理学主题开展研究。然而这五个主题之间的逻辑关系不十分清晰,也没有说清主要概念和理论之间的关系。因此本文首先搭建文化地理学的"学科树"。地理学的主要研究对象是"地方和区域",文化地理学的目标是从文化的角度分析"地方"的形成机制。本文将这个研究目标作为文化地理学"学科树"的主干,此外建立了"层间关系"和"尺度转换"两个分支,它们是探究地方性的两类方法。本文其次将文化地理学涉及的主要概念和理论分别挂在主干和两个分支上,并努力呈现出主要概念和理论出现的先后顺序,揭示文化地理学的发展进程。本文最后用"学科树",分析了中国大陆主要文化地理学研究者自己提出的代表性著述。分析的结果是:第一,关于地方形成机制的案例类型多样,多是基于结构主义认识论的分析。第二,关于层间关系的研究已经突破了自然与文化两层关系的分析,延展到文化各层之间的关系。第三,在不同尺度文化区转换的领域研究较薄弱。     

转型中的中国人文地理学

1978年改革开放以来,人文地理学,作为地理学的重要分支学科,在为国家发展服务中发挥了重要的作用,与此同时,在国家发展的过程中学科发展蓬勃兴旺.然而,关于人文地理学的科学地位始终处在议论之中.尤其对人文地理学的研究方法长期处在争沦之中.在全球化的大背景下,世界需要了解中国.中国需要走进世界,发挥人文地理学的作用越来越重要.本文从地理学发展历程阐述人文地理学是地理学的重要组成部分:中国人文地理学的发展具有重要的地位和作用,一方面经济社会政治制度环境的转变需要中国人文地理学的发展,另一方而随着中国经济国际地位的增强,需要人文地理学为国家发展做出更重要的贡献.人文地理学具有自身的发展规律和研究方法,需要解放思想,注意在经济学的价值规律、社会科学的社会公平价值规律、自然科学的景观分析方法和历史学的历史分析方法以及数量分析等方面进一步深入挖掘.中国人文地理学研究,既需要对已有成果的概括提升,也需要有一种深度挖掘和创新的过程.     

文化地理学概念、理论的逻辑关系之分析——以“学科树”分析近年中国大陆文化地理学进展

梳理近年中国大陆文化地理学进展,需要说明近年代表性的研究课题或著述与文化地理学学科体系之间的关系。1990-2005年中国大陆文化地理学主要从五个文化地理学主题开展研究。然而这五个主题之间的逻辑关系不十分清晰,也没有说清主要概念和理论之间的关系。因此本文首先搭建文化地理学的“学科树”。地理学的主要研究对象是“地方和区域”,文化地理学的目标是从文化的角度分析“地方”的形成机制。本文将这个研究目标作为文化地理学“学科树”的主干,此外建立了“层间关系”和“尺度转换”两个分支,它们是探究地方性的两类方法。本文其次将文化地理学涉及的主要概念和理论分别挂在主干和两个分支上,并努力呈现出主要概念和理论出现的先后顺序,揭示文化地理学的发展进程。本文最后用“学科树”,分析了中国大陆主要文化地理学研究者自己提出的代表性著述。分析的结果是：第一,关于地方形成机制的案例类型多样,多是基于结构主义认识论的分析。第二,关于层间关系的研究已经突破了自然与文化两层关系的分析,延展到文化各层之间的关系。第三,在不同尺度文化区转换的领域研究较薄弱。     

“大数据”热潮下人文地理学研究的再思考

伴随着移动通信技术的快速发展以及定位应用程序的普及,带有地理空间信息的数据成为"大数据"中的重要部分,为人文地理学研究的发展提供了新的机遇,也契合了人文地理学"计量转向"与"社会转向"的发展规律,以及人文地理学人本主义的发展趋势。但同时,人文地理学者也面临着数据决定论、数据分析方法准备不足以及数据自身缺陷所带来的危机与挑战。在"大数据"热潮下,无论是定量研究还是定性研究,"大数据"还是"小数据"的研究,都应当给予同样的重视,数据规模与数据的采集、分析和阐述并无很大的关联。并且,还需要警惕由于数据垄断可能带来研究的"数字鸿沟",并呼吁人文地理学研究在研究方法与内容等方面与其他学科进行更多的跨学科合作。     

人文地理学科学化的总体目标与实现路径

当代人文地理学的发展呈现出多元化的发展态势,但无论如何,科学化应是人文地理学的基调,是中国人文地理学未来发展的基本选择和必由之路.无论是学科属性还是我国经济社会建设需求,人文地理学科学化不仅不是一个被动的目标而应该成为我们的主动追求.其基本目标有2 个:一是构建一个相对完整的区域空间结构理论体系,需要进一步发现新的区域空间结构模式、构建中心地等级体系演化模型,以及从类型学和发生学2 个角度梳理不同空间结构模式之间的内在逻辑关系等;二是构建一套相对成型的空间分析方法.将区域分为均质区域和功能区域,并进一步分解为点状、线状和面状3 大要素,寻找处理这3 大要素各自及相互之间内在空间耦合的表达技术,成为本文展开人文地理学空间分析理论框架的基本思路.其中,可达性分析技术的拓展、计量经济模型与空间分析技术的融合、综合性时空谱系空间分析方法体系的构建、依赖于空间概念拓展的新的空间分析技术的出现等,则是未来人文地理学空间分析的重要领域.为实现上述目标,需要树立科学的思维方式、融合资源环境基础、基于发生学视角的历史过程的长时段分析,以及充分利用现代分析技术等.     

人文地理学学科体系与发展战略要点

本文属于《中国学科及前沿领域发展战略研究（2021—2035）》地理科学学科规划的系列成果之一,写作组在对人文地理学学科发展进行系统梳理与分析判研的基础上,在本文中侧重介绍未来15年的中国人文地理学学科体系与发展战略要点。人文地理学是研究人类活动地理分布格局形成和演变规律的一门学科。随着人类发展临近和进入后工业化阶段,人类活动的经济社会过程对人文地理分布规律的影响越来越重要,社会科学研究思维和方法已成为探讨和理解变化的人文地理过程和格局的重要途径,人文地理学研究方法论也呈现出自然科学和社会科学综合集成的特色。人文地理学研究的成果产出,揭示了人类活动地理分布格局和演变的科学规律,成为调控和优化国土空间开发保护格局的科学基础,在国土空间规划、区域战略和区域政策制定、空间治理现代化等方面有着广泛的应用,人文地理学的科学研究与决策应用之间具有紧密的关系。根据学科发展现状、趋势及主要产出结果,中国人文地理学可按照5个分支学科群进行学科战略布局,包括综合人文地理学、经济地理学、城市地理学、乡村地理学、社会文化地理学和政治地理学。各分支学科在新时期地理科学学科体系下,具有其优先发展领域与重点方向,相互协调,不断创新。     

自然过程与人文过程模拟之差异比较分析

模拟是对历史事件的重现,在模拟的基础上可以加以预测用来推断事件未来的发展。以台风移动与降水和三次产业结构演进两个模拟案例为代表,对地理学两大重要分支学科自然地理学和人文地理学分别对应的自然过程模拟和人文过程模拟的差异特点进行了初步比较。主要集中在系统分析框架下的主要组成要素、构建系统框架的知识背景基础、模拟的数据来源和定量化方法以及研究核心对象与应用范式4 个方面对自然过程模拟和人文过程模拟之间的差异进行了总结,并对两者的发展趋势作了简述。最后指出无论自然过程模拟还是人文过程模拟都是区域可持续发展不可或缺的两种模拟技术,随着人地系统理论的深入发展,这两种模拟技术未来必然会逐渐相互渗透融合,界限不再简单分明。     

人文地理学"空间"内涵的演进

空间是人文地理学的核心概念之一,随着人文地理学经历三次变革：“区域差异-空间分析-社会理论”,空间的内涵也随之不断演进。从区域学派到空间分析,传统的空间认识使得人文地理学归属于自然科学范畴。1970年代以来人文地理学萌生了新的空间认识,关注到空间的社会性,具有了更多的社会科学的特质。通过勾勒出人文地理学空间内涵演进的轨迹,提出空间内涵应是自然与社会属性相统一的观点。     

民国时期北京师范大学人文地理学教材建设回顾

大学专业教材建设是大学教育水平的体现。北京师范大学地理科学学部作为中国重要的地理人才培养单位,其教材建设在一直不断的探索中。本文通过文献分析方法,回顾了民国时期北京师范大学人文地理学专业的教材建设,得出三点结论：第一,早年留学归来的人文地理学教授是教材编译、原创的主力;第二,专业教材展现了当时国际人文地理学研究的前沿水平和观点;第三,虽然是人文地理学教材,但是注重自然地理与人文地理的结合,以及与区域尺度的关联。     

地理学的一般问题

地理学的理论和方法K9012005042977人文地理学“空间”内涵的演进=Evolutiononconnotationof spaceinhumangeography/石崧,宁越敏∥地理科学.—2005,25(3).—340～345空间是人文地理学的核心概念之一,随着人文地理学经历三次变革:“区域差异-空间分析-社会理论”,空间的内涵也随之不断演进.从区域学派到空间分析,传统的空间认识使得人文地理学归属于自然科学范畴.1970年代以来人文地理学萌生了新的空间认识,关注到空间的社会性,具有了更多的社会科学的特质.通过勾勒出人文地理学空间内涵演进的轨迹,提出空间内涵应是自然与社会属性相统一的…     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,