哈拉阿拉特山地区构造特征及成因机制模拟

哈拉阿拉特山地区是准噶尔盆地西北缘山前冲断带的一部分,构造变形复杂。为研究哈山地区的构造变形过程及成因机制,在三维地震资料解释的基础上,根据构造变形样式的差异,划分为西、中、东三段。西段构造变形整体以推覆叠加为主,中段整体表现为冲断叠加的特征,东段主要表现为冲断褶皱的模式。构造变形过程主要经历了早二叠世伸展裂陷、中晚二叠世-三叠纪强烈逆冲推覆、侏罗纪-白垩纪弱挤压逆冲和新生代隆升兼走滑调整四个阶段。采用物理模拟手段对哈山地区不同区段典型剖面的构造变形过程进行了实验研究。结果表明,挤压速率和强度是决定哈山地区不同区段地层叠置程度的主要因素,塑性地层的分布控制了不同区段滑脱断层与冲断断层发育的先后顺序,而塑性地层的长度则决定了滑脱断层的规模。     

塔里木盆地塔中隆起断裂系统特征及其对海相碳酸盐岩油气的控制作用

结合新三维地震与区域地质资料研究,塔里木克拉通中部的塔中隆起挤压断裂与走滑断裂发育,张性断裂欠发育,断裂系统具有构造样式的多样性、形成演化的多期性、构造发育的继承性及平面展布的区段性。新资料表明挤压断裂缺少基底卷入型,多在中寒武统盐膏层滑脱,主要发育4种断裂样式,形成于早奥陶世末,多具有扭压作用与分段性。塔中隆起北斜坡新发现一系列北东向左旋走滑断裂带,剖面上以负花状构造、直立型构造、正花状构造为主,平面上发育向西南方向收敛的雁列构造、羽状构造、帚状构造等;塔中地区经历志留纪晚期、中泥盆世、晚二叠世等三期走滑断裂作用,东南方向强烈斜向挤压作用是走滑断裂形成的动力机制。塔中隆起断裂主要分布在下古生界,三类、三级、四组方向断裂控制了塔中隆起纵向分层、南北分带、东西分块的构造格局。塔中隆起经历新元古代强伸展-弱挤压的断裂发育阶段、寒武纪-奥陶纪局部弱伸展-强挤压逆冲断裂发育阶段、志留纪-中泥盆世走滑断裂发育阶段、石炭纪-早三叠世局部断裂继承性发育阶段等4阶段9期的差异发育演化史。塔中隆起断裂对下古生界海相碳酸盐岩油气分布控制作用明显,断裂控制了油气的纵向复式聚集,断裂带储层发育、油气富集;不同时期、不同类型断裂控油作用有差异性,断裂带横向上的变化造成油气分布的区段性;油气源断裂与储层组成的运聚体系内具有流体分布的有序性。     

岩石圈伸展模式及变质核杂岩模式在我国的运用实践

根据大陆构造形变类型的构造形迹，可归纳为三种构造应力场形成的三类基本构造类型即挤压应力场作用下形成的压缩构造（逆冲推覆等）；引张应力场作用下形成的伸展构造（高角度正断层系，折离断层，变质核杂岩，岩墙群等）；剪切应力场作用下形成的走滑构造（包括由其派生的拉分和挤压构造、旋转构造等）。这三种应力场形成的构造形迹可以同时在地壳的不同区段发育，亦可在同一单元内交替出现。1岩石圈的伸展模式伸展作用的地质表现是多种多样的。当前最引人注目的是对折离断层及变质核杂岩的研究。为解释权内拉伸机制，已提出了各种不同的…     

松辽盆地朝阳沟油田储层裂缝发育特征及控制因素

裂缝是朝阳沟油田储层的有效储集空间和主要渗流通道,其复杂分布严重影响该油田的开发生产。通过区域构造研究与岩心构造解析,结合地表露头和薄片观察,分析了区内裂缝的发育特征、成因机制及控制因素。该储层主要发育近SN向、近EW向、NW向和NE向4组构造裂缝,裂缝以低角度裂缝为主,主要包括挤压褶皱作用下形成的顺层滑脱裂缝和与逆冲挤压作用有关的低角度剪切裂缝,高角度裂缝主要包括扩张裂缝和中高角度斜缝。裂缝的充填及含油性表明它们大部分为有效缝,并反映在地层条件下的储渗作用。明水组沉积末期的反转构造期是裂缝的主要形成时期,主要形成近SN向和近EW向构造裂缝。裂缝的发育程度受岩性、层厚、断层、褶皱、深度等因素的控制,不同岩性,裂缝发育程度也不同;裂缝的平均间距与裂隙化的岩层厚度呈较好的线性相关关系;绝大多数构造裂缝与断层作用相关;褶皱的不同形成阶段发育不同类型的裂缝;随深度增加,裂缝发育程度明显降低。     

塔里木盆地英买力地区志留系储层构造挤压及火山热液改造效应

针对构造挤压、火山热液发育区的砂岩储层特征及其物性空间变化,依据露头、岩芯、实验分析、测井等资料,基于砂岩动力成岩理论,提出了构造挤压和火山热液作用对砂岩储层性质的定量影响效应。研究表明:塔里木盆地英买力地区志留系柯坪塔格组为临滨亚相石英砂岩沉积,英买35井区构造压实减孔比英买34井区多7%~8%,海西早期构造挤压及海西晚期火山热液作用产生的裂缝改善了英买35井区储层性质。石英砂岩储层性质受构造挤压和火山热效应影响明显,构造挤压成岩效应受控于构造作用时间、构造样式和砂岩原始沉积组构;火山热液对砂岩储层性质的影响具有空间分带性,影响范围为侵入岩体厚度的一半,变质矿物的广泛发育是储层性质遭受破坏的见证。     

青西油田下沟组构造裂缝发育特征与分布预测

青西油田下白垩统下沟组低孔低渗泥云岩是该区主要的储集层,其中构造裂缝是油气渗流的重要通道和储集空间。本次研究首先基于岩心及成像测井资料分析和构造裂缝的发育特征,然后在岩石力学参数测试的基础上,考虑断层对构造裂缝形成的影响,采用三维有限元法对青西油田主要裂缝形成期的古构造应力场进行数值模拟,并预测出青西油田下白垩统下沟组构造裂缝的分布规律。预测结果表明:在青西油田的东部和西部存在两个构造裂缝发育区,尤其是在窿10井和柳102井等附近,构造裂缝较为发育,而中部地区构造裂缝相对不发育。本次研究可为该区下沟组构造裂缝评价和油气勘探提供新的地质依据和指导。     

沁水盆地南缘中-新生代构造变形与构造应力场

沁水盆地南缘自中生代以来,主要经历了印支期、燕山期、喜马拉雅期三期构造活动的影响。通过对地表露头的断 层面擦痕、纵弯褶皱及共轭节理系的研究,获得了古构造应力场信息。在研究区东部 NNE 向的太行山断裂带内,逆冲挤压 构造非常明显,与其相伴发育的不对称背斜构造表明其主压应力方向为 110°;中部的 EW 向正断层、地堑系可能是印支期 近 SN 向挤压作用下形成的逆冲构造经历了新生代构造反转作用而产生的,新生代伸展作用非常显著,伸展方向为 26°, 249°,347°;西部边界由近 SN 向断裂组成,存在新生代近 EW 及 NEE-SSW 向伸展运动的擦痕证据,伸展方向为 94°,72°。 区内发育 NNW-SSE,NW-SE,NE-SW,NEE-SWW,近 SN 等几个方向的共轭节理系,表明存在过燕山期 NW-SE 向的水平 挤压构造应力场和喜山期 NE-SW 向水平挤压构造应力场,近 EW 向水平挤压应力场可能是在这两期主要构造应力场转换过 程中形成的。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘延长组砂岩储集层裂缝特征研究

宜川-旬邑地区位于鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘渭北隆起带上, 岩性观察、成像测井资料、薄片资料研究表明, 该区发育近EW向高角度区域性裂缝; 裂缝充填物中流体包裹体均一温度及沉积—构造埋藏史的分析表明, 该区主要裂缝形成于侏罗纪末期—早白垩世之前, 是构造挤压和深埋藏作用引起的联合应力作用下的产物。经尝试性研究, 基于声波时差和自然伽马资料的R/S裂缝识别方法对该地区裂缝识别具有较好的适用性, 可以用来进行该区的储集层裂缝识别研究, 并且指出了正15井、旺9井区等不同程度发育裂缝系统, 对指导该区油气勘探研究具有重要作用。      

辽中凹陷南洼LD16油田走滑伴生构造特征及控藏作用

对辽中凹陷南洼LD16油田走滑伴生构造特征及其控藏作用进行了分析。依据走滑断层和伴生断层的关系及其所在构造变形区所处的应力状态将研究区的构造类型划分为走滑主控断裂带挤压构造、走滑主控叠覆带伸展构造和走滑主控断裂带伸展构造3个次级构造单元。相比而言,走滑主控断裂带挤压构造发育挤压型的背斜圈闭,且遭受破坏作用小,成藏条件最为优越;走滑主控叠覆伸展构造发育多级拉张型断块圈闭,其伴生断层对油气的分配作用更为明显,具多层系油藏形成的特征,这两种构造类型均有利于油气的运聚,而走滑主控断裂带伸展构造聚油条件最差。     

库车坳陷西段新生代盐构造特征及演化

库车坳陷古-始新世沉积厚层膏盐岩,在沉积差异形成的重力负载作用下,膏盐岩发生塑性流动,山前的膏盐岩流向盆地内侧,发育盐底辟构造,形成吐孜玛扎盐墙、却勒盐丘,膏盐岩的塑性流动发生在膏盐层沉积后不久,并且持续到上新世库车早期,盐底辟构造主要通过被动底辟作用完成。上新世晚期,库车坳陷受到强烈的挤压作用,发生大规模的逆冲推覆,吐孜玛扎盐墙、却勒盐丘(应变强度薄弱部位)的北侧发育断层,盐岩沿断层刺穿地表,形成底辟型盐墙和喷出型盐席,同时发育整合型米斯坎塔克盐背斜和大宛齐盐枕。库车坳陷的盐构造分为两个阶段:构造平静期(渐新世-上新世),以重力差异负载作用为主,发育底辟型盐构造;构造挤压期(上新世晚期-现今),挤压作用强烈,形成逆冲推覆断层,在不同的构造部位分别形成盐席、盐墙、盐背斜,早期的盐构造对于后续挤压作用下盐构造的形成和演化具有重要的控制作用。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of