多源SAR影像区域网平差的比较研究

本文将有理函数模型(RFM)引入多源SAR遥感影像区域网平差中,并采用多种地面控制点布设方案,对基于严格几何处理模型和带像方仿射变换补偿的RFM区域网平差精度进行了对比分析.试验表明,对于多源SAR影像,在地面控制点较多且分布良好的情况下,基于严格几何处理模型的区域网平差可以获得较好的目标定位结果;基于RFM的区域网平差可以获得与基于严格几何处理模型的区域网平差几乎相当的目标定位精度,且受地面控制点分布和数量影响较小,非常适合稀疏地面控制点情况下的SAR遥感影像几何定位.     

基于稀疏控制点的ZY-3影像几何纠正方法研究

研究在少量地面控制点情况下,利用仿射变换模型、多项式模型、有理函数模型对资源三号卫星(ZY-3)正视影像进行几何纠正。在无控制点参与精度评估情况下,提出利用几何纠正图与地形图叠合显示的方法评估几何纠正精度。研究表明:在少量分布合理的地面控制点下利用有理函数模型对ZY-3进行几何纠正,其几何纠正精度能达到后续应用的需求,具有一定的理论意义与实际应用价值。     

改化的有理函数模型在卫星影像定位中的应用

近年来,鉴于高分辨率卫星传感器参数的保密性和构建模型的复杂性常使用有理函数模型进行高分辨率卫星高精度几何定位。但是,在解算有理函数模型参数时,在影像的行和列方向上会产生较大的系统误差,从而影响几何定位精度。因此,提出了一种基于像方坐标系的有理函数优化模型,并将其用于IRS-P5立体像对几何定位。结果表明,在地形较复杂的地区定位效果改善明显,可将该模型推广用于实现高分辨率卫星影像高精度几何定位。     

高分辨率遥感影像几何纠正方法

在对某些地区的高分辨率卫星影像进行几何校正时,由于地形等因素影响难以寻找控制点,从而导致控制点较少且分布不均匀,影响了校正精度。针对这些问题,对线阵推扫式的高分辨率遥感影像的特点进行了分析,提出了利用直线这种更高级的几何特征对影像进行几何校正的方法;构建空间直线矢量,提出了基于空间直线矢量的多项式几何校正模型;并利用SPOT5高分辨率卫星影像数据对该校正模型进行精度验证。     

基于神经网络模型的遥感影像几何校正研究

在遥感影像几何校正方法中,通常认为精度最高的是共线方程模型.针对共线方程模型定向参数解算过程中误差方程的病态问题,提出了利用基于控制点的神经网络方法进行高分辨率遥感影像几何校正方法,并从理论上进行了可行性分析.实验证明,在具有一定数量控制点作为训练样本的条件下,应用BP和RBF神经网络进行遥感影像几何校正,可以达到比共线方程模型更高的精度;神经网络模型能够自动抑制含较大误差控制点对模型纠正精度的影响,在实际应用中可以提高几何校正效率.     

高分辨率遥感卫星辅助无人机空中三角测量

针对传统无人机影像空中三角测量需要大量外业控制点的问题,提出通过高分辨率遥感卫星影像空间定位获取地面点坐标,并将这些地面点作为无人机影像的控制点来源,以此辅助无人机空中三角测量。在基于RPC模型的高分辨率遥感影像空间定位的基础上,采取多种控制点布设方案进行了无人机影像空中三角测量,并对比分析了各布控方案对试验精度的影响及原因。试验结果表明,在不采用外业实测控制点的情况下,只用高分辨率遥感影像空间定位得到的加密点作全局控制,平差后检查点平面精度可达到0.629 m,高程精度可达到0.823 m,如果要保证更高的空三精度,可在测区四周及中心增加少量外业实测控制点。     

基于新模型的高分辨率遥感影像光束法区域网平差

介绍了一种利用较少控制点、基于新几何模型的高分辨率遥感影像光束法区域网平差方法。利用该方法,对于IKONOS影像数据和另外一些高分辨率遥感影像数据进行了实验,并将实验结果与基于RPC参数的区域网平差方法进行了比较。结果表明,本文方法在只有少量控制点的情况下,达到的精度与相应影像的地面分辨率是一致的。     

DEM支持下WorldView-2影像的单片定位

WorldView-2卫星是高分辨率遥感影像发展的一个重要里程碑。探索了DEM支持下,分别基于严格物理模型和有理函数模型的WorldView-2影像单片定位原理和过程,并以某地区WorldView-2影像及其对应的1∶10 000 DEM作为试验数据,对比研究了在不同控制条件下,基于严格物理模型的单片定位、基于有理函数模型的单片定位以及基于有理函数模型的立体定位的定位结果。     

高分辨率光学遥感影像核线提取

高分辨率卫星的发展使遥感影像的广泛应用成为可能,在摄影测量领域具有重要意义的核线是高分辨率光学遥感影像应用的基础。本文基于有理函数作为通用的几何模型研究线阵CCD影像的理论依据,在一种新的有理函数反演模型基础上,确定像点的虚拟物方点,利用核线投影轨迹生成算法获得核线在左右影像范围内的走向和形状,结合3组不同传感器获取的不同地区的遥感数据进行了本文方法的验证,证明其有效性,证明本文方法可以快速高效地实现核线提取。     

异源高分辨率遥感影像的三维重建

针对在实际应用中难以获得同源高分辨率遥感影像,利用同源高分辨率影像实现高精度、自动化的三维重建仍存在一定困难的现状,该文提出一种利用异源高分辨率遥感影像进行三维重建的方法。采用尺度不变特征变换算法对影像进行匹配以获取同名点,并使用随机抽样一致性算法剔除低精度匹配点;然后利用获取的同名点构建Delaunay三角网;接着根据有理函数反解模型和投影射线联合定位算法解算各个同名点的三维坐标;最后基于Delaunay三角网内插技术求取地物点的高程值,并基于OpenGL技术实现三维显示。试验结果表明,利用该方法可以实现异源高分辨率遥感影像的三维重建,精度上能够满足生产需求。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。