Ore fluid geochemistry of the Jinlongshan Carlintype gold ore belt in Shaanxi Province, China

THEJINLONGSHANGOLDOREBELTINZHEN’ANCOUN TY,SOUTHERNSHAANXIPROVINCE,ISLOCATEDINTHEWEST ERNQINLINGGOLDPROVINCE(NO.16INFIG.1;CHEN YANJINGETAL.,2004).ITWASDISCOVEREDINTHEDEVO NIANSTRATAINTHELATE1980S).ITSGEOLOGICALSETTING ANDMETALLOGENICEVOLUTIONARESIMILARTOT…     

河南桐柏老湾金矿床氢氧氦同位素地球化学及成矿流体来源

河南桐柏老湾金矿床的成矿作用是在变基性火山碎屑沉积岩为矿源层的背景上演化的。本文根据矿床氢氧同位素研究,认为矿床的热液成矿期成矿流体为大气降水和老湾花岗岩岩浆水的混合,成矿Ⅰ阶段和Ⅱ阶段以岩浆水为主,成矿Ⅲ阶段以大气降水为主,但在成矿Ⅱ阶段大气降水已占有很大的比例。氦同位素分析表明,在老湾金矿形成过程中有地幔流体加入,且从成矿Ⅱ阶段至Ⅲ阶段,由于大气降水比例增大,其与地幔流体的混合导致成矿流体的³He/⁴He比值不断减小。     

新疆卡拉麦里地区金成矿流体和O、H、S同位素地球化学特征

卡拉麦里金矿带位于准噶尔北缘和阿尔曼太至北塔山以南地区,成矿带划分属卡拉麦里—达尔布特成矿带(Ⅲ级成矿带)的卡拉麦里—莫钦乌拉成矿带(Ⅳ级成矿带),是新疆重要的金多金属成矿带。对双泉、南明水、苏吉泉等金矿床流体包裹体,氢、氧同位素和硫同位素研究表明,主成矿期成矿温度一般在200～230℃,属中低温;盐度(质量分数)一般为3.55%～4.5%,属低盐度;成矿流体为C-O-H-N-S体系。除库布苏金矿床成矿流体主要为岩浆水外,其他金矿床的成矿流体以变质水为主,但也兼具有岩浆水、建造水和/或大气降水的特征。双泉、南明水金矿中的硫主要来自变质的围岩,可能有部分深源岩浆硫的混入;金山沟、柳树泉金矿床的硫同位素组成具有深源硫的特征,成矿可能与火山、次火山活动有关。     

Helium and argon isotopic compositions of the Longquanzhan gold deposit in the Yishu fault zone and their geological implications

The Longquanzhan gold deposit hosted in granitic cataclasites with mylontization of the foot wall of the main Yishui-Tangtou fault. 3He/4He ratios in fluid inclusions range from 0. 14 to 0. 24 R/Ra,close to those of the crust-source helium. 40Ar/36Ar ratios were measured to be 289-1811, slightly higher than those of atmospheric argon. The results of analysis of helium and argon isotopes suggested that ore-forming fluids were derived chiefly from the crust. The δ18O values of fluid inclusions from vein quartz range from -1.78‰ to 4.07‰, and the δD values of the fluid inclusions vary between -74‰ and -77‰. The hydrogen and oxygen isotope data indicated that the ore-forming fluid for the Longquanzhan gold deposit had mixed with meteoric water in the process of mineralization. This is consistent with the conclusion from the helium and argon isotope data.     

胶东金矿成矿流体同位素的地质特征

胶东大、中型金矿床成矿流体的Ｈ、Ｏ同位素组成显示出金矿床的初生成矿流体以岩浆水为主,在重熔花岗岩形成作用中继承了部分变质水,在高温阶段的成矿作用中以岩浆水为主,其后逐渐向大气降水方向演化,只有少部分矿床属大气降水成因。本文探讨了Ｈ．Ｐ．泰勒的水岩反应同位素交换质量平衡方程的应用条件,当水／岩比很小时,该方程不能确切判定关于成矿流体的成因,本文提供了以地质条件为前提的解析方法。成矿流体的Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ年龄揭示出胶东金矿主要成矿期为燕山晚期,成矿流体的ＩＳｒ与玲珑花岗质杂岩体中的郭家店、郭家岭型岩体一致,而成矿作用特别是与郭家岭型岩体重熔形成作用有关。     

论地幔流体参与大水金矿成矿的可能性

通过对大水金矿时空分布及元素地球化学特征的分析研究,探讨了地幔流体参与大水金矿床成矿的可能性。大水金矿属于川甘陕＂金三角＂矿集区的一个组成部分,在时空分布上受深大断裂、壳幔混合源岩浆岩的控制,是西秦岭地区勘查发现的大型金矿床之一。研究表明,矿石及贯穿于整个成矿过程中的方解石脉的稀土配分模式总体具相对富集轻稀土的特征。流体包裹体显微测温显示矿床的成矿温度范围为105℃-400℃。包裹体（方解石）气相成分主要为CO2和H2O,液相成分中阳离子以K^＋为主,Na^＋次之;阴离子以SO4^2-为主,Cl^-次之。矿物黄铁矿的δ^34S为-1.8‰-＋4.1‰,平均值＋2.4‰,反映成矿流体中硫部分来源于地幔。热液方解石的碳、氢、氧同位素组成反映成矿流体既有来自地幔的流体,也有来自岩浆岩、地层的流体,还有明显大气降水的加入。硅化灰岩矿石及硅质岩矿石的硅同位素组成具深部或岩浆热液和热水来源的特点,其氧同位素组成具火成石英来源的特点。矿石铅与矿区岩石铅（灰岩和脉岩）的铅同位素组成比较相近,在铅同位素构造模式图及Δγ-Δβ成因分类图解中,铅属壳幔混合铅。综上可知,矿床在成矿作用过程中存在地幔流体活动。     

Gold mineralization in the Mazowe area, Harare-Bindura-Shamva greenstone belt, Zimbabwe: II. Genetic relationships deduced from mineralogical, fluid inclusion and stable isotope studies, and the Sm-Nd isotopic composition of scheelites

In the Mazowe area some 40 km NW of Harare in Zimbabwe, gold mineralization is hosted in a variety of lithologies of the Archean Harare-Bindura-Shamva greenstone belt, in structures related to the late Archean regional D2/3 event. Conspicuous mineralzogical differences exist between the mines; the mainly granodiorite-hosted workings at Mazowe mine are on pyrite-rich reefs, mines of the Bernheim group have metabasalt host rocks and are characterized by arsenopyrite-rich ores, and Stori's Golden Shaft and Alice mine, both in metabasalts, work sulfide-poor quartz veins. In contrast to the mineralogical diversity, near-identical fluid inventories were found at the different mines. Both H₂O-CO₂-CH₄ fluids of low salinity, and highly saline fluids are present and are regarded to indicate fluid mixing during the formation of the deposits. Notably, these fluid compositions in the Mazowe gold field markedly contrast to ore fluids “typical” of Archean mesothermal gold deposits on other cratons. Stable isotope compositions of quartz from the various deposits (δ¹⁸O=10.8 to 13.2‰ SMOW), calcite (δ¹⁸O=9.5 to 11.9‰ SMOW and δ¹³C=−3.2 to −8.0‰ PDB), inclusion water (δD=−28 to −40‰ SMOW) and sulfides (δ³⁴S=1.3 to 3.2‰ CDT) are uniform within the range typical for Archean lode gold deposits worldwide. The fluid and stable isotope compositions support the statement that the mineralization in the Mazowe gold field formed from relatively reduced fluids with a “metamorphic” signature during a single event of gold mineralization. Microthermometric data further indicate that the deposits formed in the PT range of 1.65–2.3 kbar and 250–380 °C. Ages obtained by using the Sm/Nd and Rb/Sr isotope systems on scheelites are 2604 ± 84 Ma for the mineralization at Stori's Golden Shaft mine, and 2.40 ± 0.20 Ga for Mazowe mine. The Archean age at Stori's is regarded as close to the true age of gold mineralization in the area, whereas the Proterozoic age at Mazowe mine probably reflects later resetting. Received: 30 September 1998 / Accepted: 17 August 1999     

广西田林县高龙金矿成矿模式探讨

高龙金矿是滇黔桂金三角典型的微细浸染型金矿床之一,矿体产于中三叠统百逢组硅化砂泥岩中,顶板为中、上三叠统碎屑岩,底板为高龙隆起核部二叠系碳酸盐岩地层。高龙隆起和周缘的断裂系统是金矿产出和形成的关键控矿因素,硅化与金矿化关系十分密切。本文通过对高龙金矿矿床地质特征、元素地球化学、同位素地球化学、流体包裹体等方面的分析研究,认为高龙金矿具有热液石英脉活动强烈、流体形成温度高温可达330~400℃、Au,As,Hg,Sb等元素富集明显、隆起边缘环形断裂导矿明显等特点,初步认为金元素应源自围岩碎屑岩地层,但成矿热液活动则可能与岩浆热液活动有关,成矿流体运移的通道则为隆起边缘的张性断裂系统。最后在本次研究成果基础上,初步建立了高龙金矿成矿模式。     

特提斯喜马拉雅金锑铅锌多金属成矿带成矿流体特征:来自H-O同位素的约束

特提斯喜马拉雅成矿带产出数十个规模不等的金矿、锑金矿、锑矿和铅锌多金属矿,近期的矿产勘查在片麻岩穹窿发现了铍稀有多金属矿床.该成矿带内发育两期金锑铅锌矿化,其一为以邦布金矿和马攸木金矿为代表的造山型金矿,形成于59~45 Ma,属于青藏高原造山主碰撞阶段的产物;其二为以姐纳各普金矿、车穷卓布锑矿、扎西康铅锌矿的晚期矿化和吉松铅锌矿等为代表的热液型矿化,集中形成于21~12 Ma的后碰撞造山阶段.大量的流体包裹体研究表明喜马拉雅金锑铅锌成矿带的成矿流体主要为中低温(小于300℃)、中低盐度流体(< 10% NaCleqv).本文统计了已发表的和新获得的带内不同类型矿床共169个石英、绢云母、菱锰矿等热液矿物氢氧同位素数据,发现在δ18O_H2O-δD_V-SMOW相图中,这些同位素组成构成了3个端元:A端元以车穷卓布锑矿为代表,显示出极低的δ18O_H2O值(低于-13‰)和低的δD_V-SMOW值(< -111‰),靠近现代雨水线,完全落入西藏地热水H-O同位素范围;B端元以沙拉岗锑矿为代表,显示出具有最低的δD_V-SMOW值(最低至-172‰)和较高的δ18O_H2O值(高达12‰),落入建造水的H-O同位素范围内;端元C以邦布金矿和浪卡子金矿为代表,显示出具有极高的δD_V-SMOW值(高达-43‰)和中等的δ18O_H2O值,与造山型金矿氧同位素6‰~13‰的范围相同,包括了原始岩浆水的范围和部分变质水的范围.带内主要金属矿床成矿流体氢氧同位素均介于这3个流体端元之间,显示出绝大部分矿床的流体均非单一流体来源,而具有多源流体混合的特征.      

滇西“碱质热液型”金多金属矿床地质特征与找矿模型

滇西地区地质构造演化复杂，成矿地质条件优越，经历了多期次、多类型成矿作用，形成了多条各具特色的金多金属成矿带。文章通过对区内金沙江-哀牢山金多金属成矿带内北衙、马厂箐、姚安、长安等典型矿床的解剖和对比研究，发现带内金多金属矿床与经典的斑岩型矿床相比具有显著的差异性，主要表现是：成矿岩体岩性以碱性系列为特征，w(K₂O+Na₂O)超过8%；成矿流体碱质含量偏高，流体阳离子（K⁺+Na⁺）含量约占流体总量的87%~95%；成矿过程中，除岩浆热液参与成矿外，岩浆气水热液与围岩间的水岩反应，是导致矿质沉淀的主体；自成矿岩体向外依次发育裂隙脉型、矽卡岩型、构造破碎带型和石英硫化物脉型矿化，组成多位一体。文章基于典型矿床特征的系统总结，提出了“碱质热液型”金多金属矿床的概念，并对其成矿作用过程进行了初步探讨。最终，文章构建了滇西地区碱质热液型金多金属矿地物化遥综合找矿模型，并指导相关矿床找矿勘查取得了重要进展。     

Geology and Geochemistry of the Buerkesidai and Kuoerzhenkuola Gold Deposits in the Sawuershan Region, Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region, Northwest China

The Sawuershan region, one of the important gold metallogenic belts of Xinjiang, is located in the western part of the Kalatongke island arc zone of north Xinjiang, NW China. There are two gold deposits in mining, namely the Kuoerzhenkuola and the Buerkesidai deposits. Gold ores at the Kuoerzhenkuola deposit occur within Carboniferous andesite and volcanic breccias in the form of gold‐bearing quartz–pyrite veins and veinlet groups containing native gold, electrum, pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite. Gold ores at the Buerkesidai deposit occur within Carboniferous tuffaceous siltstones in the form of gold‐bearing quartz veinlet groups and altered rocks, with electrum, pyrite and arsenopyrite as major metallic minerals. Both gold deposits are hosted by structurally controlled faults associated with intense hydrothermal alteration. The typical alteration assemblage is sericite + chlorite + calcite + quartz, with an inner pyrite–sericite zone and an outer chlorite–calcite–epidote zone between orebodies and wall rocks. δ³⁴S values (0.3–1.3‰) of pyrite of ores from Kuoerzhenkuola deposit are similar to those (0.4–2.9‰) of pyrite of ores from Buerkesidai deposit. δ³⁴S values (1.1–2.8‰) of pyrite from altered rocks are similar to δ³⁴S values of magmatic or igneous sulfide sulfur, but higher than those from ores. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb data of sulfide from ores range within 17.72–18.56, 15.34–15.61, and 37.21–38.28, respectively. These sulfur and lead isotope compositions imply that ore‐forming materials might originate from multiple, mainly deep sources. He and Ar isotope study on fluid inclusions of pyrites from ores of Kuoerzhenkuola and Buerkesidai gold deposits produces ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar and ³He/⁴He ratios in the range of 282–525 and 0.6–9.4 R/Ra, respectively, indicating a mixed source of deep‐seated magmatic water (mantle fluid) and shallower meteoric water. In terms of tectonic setting, the gold deposits in the Sawuershan region can be interpreted as epithermal. These formations resulted from a combination of protracted volcanic activity, hydrothermal fluid mixing, and a structural setting favoring gold deposition. Fluid mixing was possibly the key factor resulting in Au deposition in the gold deposits in Sawuershan region.     

黔东南平秋金矿成因研究:来自氢、氧、硫同位素的制约

黔东南地处江南造山带西南段雪峰隆起西南端,区内金矿床(点)广布,是湘黔金矿集中区的重要组成部分。平秋金矿是该区金矿床的典型代表,其矿体产于下江群番召组浅变质火山-沉积岩,严格受北东向断裂褶皱控制。为理清其成因,对平秋金矿床含矿石英脉中的石英包裹体进行了氢、氧同位素测试。结果显示,其δD为-51.3‰~-59‰,δ18OH2O-SMOW为4.46‰~8.16‰,表明平秋金矿成矿期流体以变质水为主。对成矿期黄铁矿的硫同位素分析结果表明,其δ34S值为-1.86‰~4.55‰,而围岩下江群浅变质岩中黄铁矿的δ34S值为9.63‰~13.56‰,二者相差巨大,表明矿床中硫不是直接来自于赋矿围岩。根据上述氢、氧、硫同位素测定结果并结合区域地质背景,本文认为平秋金矿的成矿流体和成矿物质源自下伏地层的变质脱水作用,成矿作用与加里东运动造成的变质变形有关。     

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床S、Pb、H、O同位素特征及其指示意义

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床是中国近年来发现的特大型铜铅锌多金属矿床之一,其产出的环境和形成机理为国内外矿床学家所关注。对甲玛铜多金属矿床中代表性岩（矿）石样品进行了S、Pb、H和O同位素分析,并从成矿系统中“源”的角度对其变化规律和成因意义进行了探讨。研究结果表明,甲玛铜多金属矿床的围岩和矿石中δ34S值变化于-4.9‰～0.5‰,在硫同位素直方图上呈塔式分布,成矿热液δ34SΣS在0值附近,与矿区内斑岩体的δ34S组成（-0.2‰～-0.7‰）十分接近。表明了矿石中硫的来源单一,主要来源于岩浆。矿石铅同位素变化范围较大,明显分为两组：第一组样品富放射性成因铅,其206Pb/204Pb变化范围为18.603～18.752,207Pb/204Pb变化范围为15.610～15.686,208Pb/204Pb变化范围为38.910～39.135;第二组样品具有低放射性成因铅特征,其206Pb/204Pb变化范围为18.130～18.270,207Pb/204Pb变化范围为15.470～15.480,208Pb/204Pb变化范围为38.140～38.850。各同位素比值相对稳定,变化范围较小。将含矿斑岩的岩石铅与矿石铅进行综合投图,两种类型的铅并非单阶段正常铅,而是混合铅,有放射性成因铅的加入。可能存在不同的源区或在演化过程中有不同源区物质的混入。氢氧同位素研究结果显示,氢同位素的来源主要为深部的花岗岩体,而氧同位素由于后期大气降水增多、水/岩比值升高,导致含矿石英脉中δ18OH2O降低。因此推断甲玛铜多金属矿床成矿流体早期以深源流体为主,随着成矿过程的演化,大气降水所占的比例也越来越大。     

阿拉善碱泉子金矿矿床地质和流体包裹体特征及其与小秦岭文峪金矿床的对比

论文通过对碱泉子金矿床和文峪金矿床成矿地质背景的认识,得出了两矿床的矿床地质特征都显示了明显的造山型热液金矿床的矿床地质特点。在此基础上对比研究了两矿床的流体包裹体特征及氢氧同位素组成特征。研究结果表明,两矿床的成矿流体均以中温、低盐度、高CO2含量为特征,这些特征也吻合了典型的造山型热液金矿床成矿流体的基本特征;两矿床氢氧同位素组成的数据投影点主要落在变质水与岩浆水的混合区附近、并有向大气降水漂移的趋势。基于以上分析结果,推断出两矿床在成矿机制方面也有很大的相似性,并由此探讨了碱泉子金矿床的成矿机制特点。     

<Superscript>18</Superscript>O/<Superscript>16</Superscript>O and V/Cr ratios in gem tsavorites from the Neoproterozoic Mozambique metamorphic belt: a clue towards their origins?

The combination of oxygen isotope composition with V–Cr–Mn trace element concentrations of V-bearing garnets (tsavorites) originating from the main deposits of the Neoproterozoic Mozambique Metamorphic Belt is reported for the first time. The database enables the identification of the geological and geographical sources of the main productive areas from northern and southern Tanzania, Kenya, and Madagascar. Three consistent sets of δ¹⁸O values between 9.5‰ and 11.0‰, 11.6‰ and 14.5‰, and 15.5‰ and 21.1‰ have been recognized for primary deposits hosted in graphitic gneisses related to the Neoproterozic metasedimentary series. The δ¹⁸O value of tsavorite is a good tracer of the environment of its formation; the δ¹⁸O of the fluid in equilibrium with tsavorite was buffered by the host rock during metamorphism and fluid-rock interaction. This study is a first step in characterizing the geochemistry of gem tsavorite from most of the deposits and occurrences worldwide.     

应用氢氧同位素研究矿床成因的一些问题探讨

成矿热液的氢、氧同位素组成与其水的类型、水/岩交换的岩石成分和同位素组成、水/岩交换时的温度及水/岩交换程度(W/R比值大小)等诸多因素有关,微生物和有机质也对其有一定的影响。因此,仅通过简单投影的方法将成矿热液的氢、氧同位素值与一些所谓的标准值进行类比,由此就推断出热液中水的来源,这种方法是不可取的;尤其当成矿热液的氢、氧同位素值介于大气降水和岩浆水的值之间时,切忌滥用两种水混合成矿模式,因为实际情况往往并不是这样。本文以胶东乳山金矿床为例,展开了这方面的讨论。     

保山镇康地块矽卡岩型铅锌矿床成因初探

保山镇康地块是"三江"南段重要的铅锌多金属成矿区之一,地质构造复杂,铅锌成矿地质条件优越,其中核桃坪与芦子园是近年发现的两个大型铅锌矿床,矿床受近NE向断裂、背斜轴部和地层控制明显,上寒武统核桃坪组与沙河床组大理岩化灰岩为主要赋矿地层,近矿围岩矽卡岩化强烈,流体包裹体,Pb、S、H、O同位素和微量元素等地球化学对比研究表明:核桃坪和芦子园铅锌矿床均经历了中温、高温两个矿化阶段;核桃坪铅锌矿床矿石铅同位素较芦子园铅锌矿床有较高的比值和较大的变化范围,均以高μ值为特征,属于放射性成因铅,暗示其成矿物质以壳源铅为主;硫化物硫同位素均多为较低正值并呈塔式分布,具有岩浆硫特征,两者均无生物硫酸盐热化学还原作用的参与,其中硫同位素分馏已达平衡;与硫化物共生的石英δDH2O(-109‰~-91‰)和δ18OH2O(-4.3‰~2.3‰)同位素研究表明核桃坪矿床成矿流体主要来自深部岩浆水,并遭受后期大气降水或地层水的混合;核桃坪矿床与芦子园矿床的微量元素具有岩浆热液型矿床特征,不同于VMS型、MVT型铅锌矿床。因此,笔者认为两个矿床应属于与深部隐伏岩体有关的中-高温矽卡岩型铅锌矿床,矿区深部隐伏岩体的侵入产生岩浆热液并携带Pb、Zn等成矿物质与地层水或大气降水混合,在背斜轴部与NE向断裂的交汇处形成该类型矿床。     

Stable isotopes and amphibole chemistry on hydrothermally altered granitoids in the North Chilean Precordillera: a limited role for meteoric water?

Whole rock and mineral stable isotope and microprobe analyses are presented from granitoids of the North Chilean Precordillera. The Cretaceous to Tertiary plutonic rocks contain important ore deposits and frequently display compositional and textural evidence of hydrothermal alteration even in barren rocks. Deuteric alteration includes replacement of biotite and amphibole by chlorite and epidote, sericitization and saussuritization of feldspars, and uralitization of clinopyroxene and/or amphibole. While whole rock compositions are not significantly affected, compositional variations in amphiboles suggest two types of hydrothermal alteration. Hornblende with actinolitic patches and rims and tight compositional trends from hornblende to Mg-rich actinolite indicate increasing oxygen fugacity from magmatic to hydrothermal conditions. Uralitic amphiboles exhibiting irregular Mg-Fe distribution and variable Al content are interpreted as reflecting subsolidus hydration reactions at low temperatures. The δD values of hydrous silicates vary from −63 to −105‰. Most δ¹⁸O values of whole rocks are in the range of 5.7 to 7.7‰ and are considered normal for igneous rocks in the Andes. These δ¹⁸O values also coincide well with the oxygen isotope composition of geochemically similar recent volcanics from the Central Andean Volcanic Zone (δ¹⁸O = 7.0–7.4‰). Only one sample in this study (δ¹⁸O = 3.0‰) appears to be depleted by isotope exchange with light meteoric water at high temperatures. The formation of secondary minerals in all other intrusions is mainly the product of deuteric alteration. This also holds true for the sample from El Abra, the only pluton associated with mineralization. This indicates the dominant role of a magmatic rather than a meteoric fluid in the alteration of the Cretaceous and Tertiary granitoids in northern Chile. Received: 8 July 1998 / Accepted: 15 April 1999     

得尔布干成矿区(北片)成矿条件初步研究

该区有色、贵金属矿床的主成矿期为晚侏罗世-早白垩世.不同成因类型矿床成矿温度亦有差异,"斑岩型"属中高温矿床,"火山热液型"属中低温矿床,"新类型"金矿床和"浅成低温热液型"金矿应属低温热液矿床.有色、贵金属矿床中S的来源主要与深源岩浆关系密切,成因类型应属广义的"岩浆热液型矿床",但有少量S来源于容矿岩或为外生S.成矿热液的主体或组成的总趋势,是以岩浆水和大气降水的混合水为特征,热源来自中生代火山侵入岩浆,而莫尔道嘎金矿点是浅成低温热液型,其成矿热液的主体是大气降水.西吉诺山方铅矿包裹体除了显示出岩浆热液的性质外,更多地反映了地下热卤水的介质特征.     

Geology and geochemistry of jasperoids from the Gold Bar district, Nevada

Gold Bar is one of several Carlin-type gold mining districts located in the Battle Mountain–Eureka trend, Nevada. It is composed of one main deposit, Gold Bar; five satellite deposits; and four resources that contain 1.6 Moz (50 t) of gold. All of the deposits and resources occur at the intersection of north-northwest- and northeast-trending high-angle faults in slope facies limestones of the Devonian Nevada Group exposed in windows through Ordovician basin facies siliciclastic rocks of the Roberts Mountains allochthon. Igneous intrusions and magnetic anomalies are notably absent. The Gold Bar district contains a variety of discordant and stratabound jasperoid bodies, especially along the Wall Fault zone, that were mapped and studied in some detail to identify the attributes of those most closely associated with gold ore and to constrain genetic models. Four types of jasperoids, J₀, J₁, J₂, and J₃, were distinguished on the basis of their geologic and structural settings and appearance. Field relations suggest that J₀ formed during an early event. Petrographic observations, geochemistry, and δ¹⁸O values of quartz suggest it was overprinted by the hydrothermal event that produced ore-related J₁, J₂, and J₃ jasperoids and associated gold deposits. The greater amount of siliciclastic detritus present in J₀ jasperoids caused them to have higher δ¹⁸O values than J_1,2,3 jasperoids hosted in underlying limestones. Ore-related jasperoids are composed of main-ore-stage replacements and late-ore-stage open-space filling quartz with variable geochemistry and an enormous range of δ¹⁸O values (24.5 and −3.7‰). Jasperoids hosted in limestones with the most anomalous Au, Ag, Hg, ±(As, Sb, Tl) concentrations and the highest δ¹⁸O values are associated with the largest deposits. The 28‰ range of jasperoid δ¹⁸O values is best explained by mixing between an ¹⁸O-enriched fluid and an ¹⁸O-depleted fluid. The positive correlation between the sizes of gold deposits and the δ¹⁸O composition of jasperoids indicates that gold was introduced by the ¹⁸O-enriched fluid. The lowest calculated δ¹⁸O value for water in equilibrium with late-ore-stage quartz at 200°C (−15‰) and the measured δD value of fluid inclusion water extracted from late-ore-stage orpiment and realgar (−116‰) indicate that the ¹⁸O-depleted fluid was composed of relatively unexchanged meteoric water. The source of the ¹⁸O-enriched ore fluid is not constrained. The δ³⁴S values of late-ore-stage realgar, orpiment, and stibnite (5.7–15.5‰) and barite (31.5–40.9‰) suggest that H₂S and sulfate were derived from sedimentary sources. Likewise, the δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values of late-stage calcite (−4.8 to 1.5‰ and 11.5 to 17.4‰, respectively) suggest that CO₂ was derived from marine limestones. Based on these data and the apparent absence of any Eocene intrusions in the district, Gold Bar may be the product of a nonmagmatic hydrothermal system.