氧化铝粉对微孔方镁石—镁铝尖晶石耐火骨料显微结构和性能的影响

以盐湖轻烧MgO粉和煅烧Al2O3粉为原料制备了4组微孔方镁石－镁铝尖晶石耐火骨料(镁铝尖晶石5 wt.%~20 wt.%),并采用XRD、SEM和压汞仪等研究了煅烧Al2O3粉添加量(3.7 wt.%,7.7 wt.%,12.1 wt.%和16.8 wt%)对其显微结构和性能的影响。煅烧Al2O3粉在骨料内部形成多孔状镁铝尖晶石颗粒,增加其添加量,可增大微孔骨料的显气孔率,降低体积密度。尽管多孔状镁铝尖晶石微颗粒与MgO微颗粒间存在微裂纹,降低了耐火骨料的抗折强度,但该多孔镁铝尖晶石微颗粒能够诱导微孔骨料中微裂纹产生偏转和裂纹分支,在经受热震冲击时,能改善微孔骨料的热震稳定性。当煅烧Al2O3粉的添加量为7.7wt.%时,微孔方镁石－镁铝尖晶石耐火骨料拥有最佳的综合性能,其体积密度为3.23 g/cm3,中位孔径为386.1 nm,抗折强度为45.2 MPa,800 °C导热系数为10.5 W/(m·K),热震后抗折强度保持率最高(97.0%)。     

镁基水滑石的应用及制备研究进展

青海盐湖镁资源丰富,制备具有高附加值的镁基功能材料是实现镁资源高值化利用和盐湖资源综合利用的有效手段。镁基水滑石是一类重要镁基功能材料,具有层板金属离子、层间客体阴离子种类、数量可调,材料尺寸形貌可调等性质,应用广泛,可用于制备系列高附加值产品。综述了镁基水滑石类材料的性质、制备方法、以及其作为阻燃剂、催化剂、吸附剂、热稳定剂、抗紫外光老化剂、橡胶和塑料填充剂、防腐材料、药物缓释剂等的应用,为后续镁基水滑石材料的制备和应用提供借鉴。     

MgO-B2O3-28%MgCl2-H2O溶液0℃结晶动力学和热力学非 平衡态溶解度现象

该论文为硕士学位论文 ,于 1 999年 5月在中国科学院青海盐湖研究所完成。硼及其化合物的应用越来越广泛 ,尤其是在精细化学品和功能材料方面日益受到重视。我国青藏高原丰富的盐湖硼资源为我们研究和开发利用这一资源提供了明确的课题 ,展现了广阔的前景。盐湖湖区硼酸盐沉积物主要是镁硼酸盐。在浓缩盐卤中 ,硼酸镁的动态极限溶解度可达 7.5 % Mg O· 2 B2 O3,甚至更高。这些浓缩盐卤可视为 Mg O- B2 O3- Mg Cl2 - H2 O的过饱和浓盐溶液 ,不同温度下、恒温静置过程中可析出不同的水合硼酸镁盐。在 Mg O- B2 O3- 2 8% Mg Cl2 - H2 …     

铝基材料裂解盐湖卤水分离镁锂的热力学研究

中国盐湖锂资源非常丰富,但由于镁锂比高、镁锂性质相似而使得二者难以分离,锂资源开发利用成本较高。本文采用组贡献法对LiCl·2Al(OH)3·2H2O的标准生成吉布斯自由能进行了估算,在热力学计算的基础上绘制了298.15K时Li+-Al3+-Cl--H2O体系和Li+-Mg2+-Al3+-Cl--H2O系的电位-pH(φ-pH)图。计算结果表明,通过调控体系的pH,可使溶液中的Li+与Al形成沉淀而Mg2+仍留在溶液中,从而实现溶液中的镁锂分离。在理论计算的基础上进行了镁锂分离的验证实验,实验结果与热力学计算结果基本吻合,镁锂分离效果良好。     

Mg2B2O5晶须增强AZ91D镁基复合材料在Cl-溶液中腐蚀行为*

用电化学方法测量了Mg_2B_2O_5晶须增强AZ91D镁基复合材料在3.5%NaCl溶液中的开路电位、动电位极化曲线和交流阻抗,研究了晶须体积分数对镁合金基体耐腐蚀性能的影响,并利用SEM和XRD表征了腐蚀后复合材料表面的微观形貌和相组成。结果表明,随着Mg_2B_2O_5晶须体积分数的增加,AZ91D镁基复合材料的耐腐蚀性逐渐提高。当硼酸镁晶须的体积分数为35%时,材料的自腐蚀电位提高0.2V以上,自腐蚀流密度降低了1个数量级;SEM测试表明,复合材料表面生成了一层晶须增韧的腐蚀钝化膜,对基体起到保护作用。     

Mg2+掺杂对正极材料LiFePO4/C结构和电化学性能的影响

以乙酸镁为镁源,用LiOH.H2O、Fe(NO3)3.9H2O、NH4H2PO4为原料通过水溶液法制备了掺杂Mg2+的LiFePO4/C正极材料。用XRD、SEM、恒流充放电测试、循环伏安(CV)和交流阻抗谱(EIS)方法,研究了Mg2+掺杂对LiFePO4/C的结构、形貌及电化学性能的影响。研究结果表明,Mg2+掺杂没有改变LiFePO4橄榄石型的结构;在0.1 C(1C=170 mAh.g-1)的充放电倍率下,Mg2+掺杂使正极材料首次放电比容量从153 mAh.g-1提高到159 mAh.g-1,经20循环次后,容量无损失;电化学交流阻抗显示,掺杂后材料阻抗Rct从463.1Ω减小到322.8Ω。     

岩石物理风化的研究进展与问题概述北大核心CSCD

简要回顾了学术界近期关于地表岩石物理风化的理论研究进展、认识和存在的问题,针对“亚临界裂纹”理论、“气候驱动”与亚临界裂纹的发育、岩石风化的影响因素——单因素作用与综合效应(本质性与普遍性)、行星尺度的物理风化——撞击驱动或热循环驱动等问题逐一进行了阐述和评论,并为下一步的研究提出新的建议。     

镁水泥泡沫材料

以镁水泥为基料,通过添加浸润剂和起泡剂,制备出镁水泥泡沫材料。进行了粉煤灰加量对镁水泥泡沫材料容重及强度的影响;不同填充骨料同泡沫材料的强度和容重的关系以及起泡剂加量对泡沫镁水泥材料容重及强度的影响,并对镁水泥材料进行了热工性能测试     

自然环境下氯氧镁水泥的长期水化产物及其相转变规律

为了研究氯氧镁水泥的长期耐久性机理,用XRD分析了我国实际使用12~16a的氯氧镁水泥材料的物相组成,探讨了氯氧镁水泥在自然环境下的长期水化产物与转变规律。结果表明,氯氧镁水泥的长期水化产物,在室内大气环境下主要是氯氧化镁5Mg(OH)2.MgCl2.8H2O(5.1.8)和氢氧化镁Mg(OH)2,在室外露天环境下主要是Mg(OH)2、5.1.8、碳化氯氧化镁[Mg(OH)2.MgCl2.2MgCO3.6H2O(1.1.2.6)]和水菱镁矿[4MgCO3.Mg(OH)2.4H2O(4.1.4)]。在露天的使用环境中,没有经过改性、或者改性效果不佳的氯氧镁水泥材料中的主要水化产物5.1.8,同时发生了分解-碳化作用和碳化-分解作用,其初级分解产物是Mg(OH)2,初级碳化产物是1.1.2.6,终极碳化产物是4.1.4和MgCO3。氯氧镁水泥材料结构中大量形成4.1.4,是导致其耐久性失效的根本原因。     

紫外辐照条件下二维填料对聚丙烯耐老化行为的影响

采用水热法合成了二维层状材料——镁镍铁水滑石(MgNiFe-LDH),考察不同水热时间和水热温度对MgNiFe-LDH合成的影响,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和热分析(TG/DTG)等测试方法,对样品的结构、形貌及热性能进行表征。将合成的MgNiFe-LDH添加至聚丙烯(PP)制备MgNiFe-LDH/PP复合材料,通过对材料加速老化测其力学性能,研究了添加MgNiFe-LDH前后材料机械性能变化。结果表明,当Mg~(2+):Ni~(2+):Fe~(3+)=2∶1∶1,水热温度140℃、水热时间24 h时,合成的MgNiFe-LDH为片状,形貌较为规整,颗粒粒径约为2μm。MgNiFe-LDH/PP复合材料经加速老化后,填充MgNiFe-LDH复合材料的抗老化性能优于纯PP,当MgNiFe-LDH的填充量为6 wt%复合材料拉伸强度不变,可明显提高PP的抗老化性能。     

含硼氯化镁饱和卤水的冷冻实验

对含胡浓缩盐卤在冷冻析出一般盐类进行研究结果表明,在从－１０℃至－２０℃范围内,析出高水合硫酸镁和氯化镁盐。尤其是硼酸镁盐。经化学分析,热分析粉晶衍射结果表明,从室温到－２０．５℃范围内,不同时间放量析出同一种硼酸镁－三方硼镁石。     

40 ℃时MgO·2B2O3-18%MgSO4-H2O过饱和溶液结晶动力学研究

针对我国盐湖硼资源的特点 ,模拟合成MgO·2B2 O3-1 8%MgSO4 -H2 O过饱和溶液 ,在 40℃恒温静置条件下 ,跟踪结晶动力学过程。拟合并给出结晶动力学方程 ,同时对结晶机制进行了探讨。析出固相采用X射线粉末衍射、红外光谱和热分析进行物相鉴定。     

Seismic waves in rocks with fluids and fractures

Seismic wave propagation through the earth is often strongly affected by the presence of fractures. When these fractures are filled with fluids (oil, gas, water, CO₂, etc.), the type and state of the fluid (liquid or gas) can make a large difference in the response of the seismic waves. This paper summarizes recent work on methods of deconstructing the effects of fractures, and any fluids within these fractures, on seismic wave propagation as observed in reflection seismic data. One method explored here is Thomsen's weak anisotropy approximation for wave moveout (since fractures often induce elastic anisotropy due to non-uniform crack-orientation statistics). Another method makes use of some very convenient crack/fracture parameters introduced previously that permit a relatively simple deconstruction of the elastic and wave propagation behaviour in terms of a small number of crack-influence parameters (whenever this is appropriate, as is certainly the case for small crack densities). Then, the quantitative effects of fluids on these crack-influence parameters are shown to be directly related to Skempton's coefficient B of undrained poroelasticity (where B typically ranges from 0 to 1). In particular, the rigorous result obtained for the low crack density limit is that the crack-influence parameters are multiplied by a factor  (1 − B )  for undrained systems. It is also shown how fracture anisotropy affects Rayleigh wave speed, and how measured Rayleigh wave speeds can be used to infer shear wave speed of the fractured medium in some cases. Higher crack density results are also presented by incorporating recent simulation data on such cracked systems.     

硼酸盐化学(XXXV): MgO·3B2O3-18%MgSO4-H2O过饱和溶液0℃结晶动力学研究

首次研究了MgO·3B2 O3 1 8%MgSO4 H2 O过饱和溶液 0℃结晶动力学过程 ,得到三方硼镁石和章氏硼镁石两种固相及其结晶动力学方程。从多聚硼氧配阴离子多粒子共存的角度提出结晶反应机制 ,分析了制约硼酸镁盐析出的因素及不同电解质 (MgCl2 和MgSO4)对硼酸镁盐结晶过程的影响。     

三元体系Na_2B_4O_7-NaHCO_3-H_2O和Na_2CO_3-NaBO_2-H_2O等温溶解度研究

作为研究四元体系Ｎａ２Ｂ４Ｏ７－Ｎａ２ＣＯ３－ＮａＨＣＯ３－ＮａＢＯ２－Ｈ２Ｏ的开端，测定了三元体系Ｎａ２Ｂ４Ｏ７－ＮａＨＣＯ３－Ｈ２Ｏ和Ｎａ２ＣＯ３－ＮａＢＯＨ２－Ｈ２Ｏ在０℃、１５℃－４５℃时的溶解度，绘制了相应的组成－性质图。两个三元体系的溶度图在研究温度范围内均属于低共饱型，平衡固相为组分化合物或其水合物。     

硼酸镁(铝)晶须增强镁基复合材料中界面特性对比研究

对硼酸镁(铝)晶须增强镁基复合材料的界面行为进行了对比研究。对复合材料进行了示差扫描量热分析以及对复合材料中萃取的晶须进行了X射线衍射分析,表明在硼酸镁晶须增强AZ91D镁基复合材料界面无界面反应产物的生成。通过对硼酸镁晶须增强AZ91D镁基复合材料界面的键合状况进行分析和讨论,认为界面的键合是由无反应产物的化学键合、扩散键合及物理键合所组成。另外,根据已有的关于硼酸铝晶须增强镁基和铝基复合材料界面行为的研究结果,分析得出硼酸铝晶须增强镁基复合材料在硼酸铝晶须/AZ91D镁合金界面上的反应产物只有MgO。     

Hydraulic crack propagation in a porous medium

We develop a model for the propagation of a fluid-filled crack in a porous medium. The problem is motivated by the mechanism whereby drainage networks may form in partially molten rock below the Earth's lithosphere. Other applications include the propagation of hydraulic fractures in jointed rocks and in oil drilling operations, and the formation of dessication cracks in soils. Motivated by the lithospheric problem, we study a situation in which gravity acts in the direction of crack propagation. The model couples the elastoliydrodynamic equations of crack propagation with a pore pressure field in the porous rock, which drives the fluid flow which supplies the crack. The effect of the pore flow is to include a diffusional term in the evolution equation for the crack width, thus allowing a crack initiated at the base of the lithosphere to propagate down into the asthenosphere. Asymptotic and numerical solutions are presented for this crack evolution. However, the predicted drainage of melt into this crack is tiny compared with the upward percolative melt migration, and the predicted width of cracks (millimetres) is much too small to allow propagation of melt into the lithosphere without freezing. As a mechanism to explain magma fracturing in the lithosphere, the process described here therefore requires further refinement.     

热分解法测定水盐体系中硝酸铵和水含量研究

针对复杂硝酸铵水盐体系溶解度的测定,传统分析方法操作步骤繁琐,且试剂较贵,引入一种简单准确的分析方法,即热分解法,对LiNO3-KNO3-NH4NO3-H2O体系和NaNO3-KNO3-NH4NO3-H2O体系中硝酸铵和水的含量进行精确分析。结果表明,热分解温度控制在230～240℃,若控制样品质量为1.5 g,分解时间不低于36 h,能将LiNO3-KNO3-NH4NO3-H2O体系中的硝酸铵和水彻底分解,且随着样品中硝酸铵含量增加,热分解时间也将延长,分析相对误差能控制在0.2%以内。针对复杂NaNO3-KNO3-NH4NO3-H2O体系,热分解温度控制在230～255℃,若控制样品质量为1.5 g,分解时间不少于44 h,且随着样品中硝酸铵含量的增加,相应延长热分解时间,能将复杂NaNO3-KNO3-NH4NO3-H2O体系中的硝酸铵和水彻底分解,分析相对误差能控制在0.2%以内。     

LIMn_2O_4的溶胶─凝胶─酯化法合成及性能Ⅲ电学及电化学性能

以库仑滴定法测定了实验电池Ｌｉ／ＤＭＥ＋ＥＣ—ＬｉＰＦ６／ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４的ＥＭＦ曲线,有三个放电平台分别位于４．０８Ｖ、３．９７Ｖ及２．９８Ｖ,４Ｖ区平台较宽。８００℃烧结的样品初始放电容量为１２６ｍＡｈ／ｇ,低温样品的容量衰减较小。应用交流阻抗法测定ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４的电导率,在室温下为１０(－７)Ｓ／ｃｍ;超细ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４粉材具有较大的扩散系数（１０(－９)１０(－８)ｃｍ２／ｓ）,且随插入锂量不同而变化。     

A theoretical approach to the propagation of interacting cracks

We propose a scheme to compute interaction effects between two randomly oriented cracks under compressive stresses and we discuss the role crack interactions play in the crack coalescence process. Stress intensity factors are computed by using an iterative technique based on the method of successive approximations. Once crack propagation occurs, curved wing cracks grow from the initial crack tips. The stress intensity factors at the wing crack tips are calculated as the sum of two terms: a component for a single wing crack subjected to both the applied stresses and the interaction effect, and a component due to the sliding of the initial crack. We have applied our procedure to various crack geometries. Our results show that interaction effects act on the crack propagation path. For cracks under tension, our approach correctly predicts the curving, hook-shaped paths of interacting cracks that have been observed in various materials. For en echelon compressive cracks, interaction effects depend on the geometry of stepping. For right-stepping cracks, no mode I crack coalescence occurs. A mixedmode propagation criterion may be introduced to check whether coalescing secondary shear fractures initiate. For left-stepping cracks, depending on whether or not there is overlapping, crack coalescence is achieved by tension wing cracks at the inner crack tips. Without overlapping, the growing wing cracks delimit a region where a tensile secondary fracture may develop and lead to coalescence. These results are consistent with previous work and show that our procedure may be now extended to a population of cracks.