榆次龙王山锌—锶优质天然矿泉水

矿泉水赋存于晋中盆地边山断裂带中，含水介质为二叠系砂页岩。１９９２年１２月经山西省地质矿产局和地质矿产部组织鉴定，符合《饮用天然矿泉水》国家标准（ＧＢ８５３７－８７），属锌－锶重碳酸－钠钙型矿泉水。     

曲阳嘉山锶—偏硅酸饮用天然矿泉水

矿泉水赋存于太古界阜平群黑云斜长片麻岩中。１９９１年经河北省地矿局和地矿部组织鉴定，水质符合《饮用天然矿泉水》国家标准（ＧＢ８５３７－８７），属含锶－偏硅酸氯化物重碳酸钙型矿泉水。水量充足，动态稳定，水质纯正，交通方便，开发前景良好。     

玉田东吉庄饮用天然矿泉水成因分析及水质评价

东吉庄矿泉水是１９８９年由地质矿产部环境管理司会同卫生部、轻工业部等有关单位的国家饮用天然矿泉水技术评审组鉴定通过，符合ＧＢ８５３７－８７的国家标准要求，属含锶重碳酸镁·钙·钠型低矿化度中性饮用天然矿泉水，已于同年建立了奥玉饮料厂，生产瓶装矿泉水及奥玉饮料。为了保护矿泉水资源免遭环境污染，对该矿泉水水源地进行了水源地保护规划。     

大同市饮料厂天然矿泉水水质评价

矿泉水井位于大同断陷盆地西侧边部的口泉断裂附近。含水层为中更新统中砂和中粗砂。地下水受口泉断裂带基岩裂隙水补给。１９９３年１２月经山西省地质矿产局和地质矿产部联合鉴定，符合《饮用天然矿泉水》国家标准（ＧＢ８５３７－８７），属含锶重碳酸－镁钙钠型矿泉水。     

抚宁大泥河溴—锶—偏硅酸饮用天然矿泉水

经勘察评价和国家级鉴定，抚宁县大泥河村矿泉水属溴－锶－偏硅酸三项达标的复合型饮用天然矿泉水。矿泉水产于隐伏断裂三角部位，大泥河地热异常区边部，地势平坦，环境无污染，交通便利，水质独特，水量丰富，具有综合开发优势。     

遵化市傲子峪锶—偏硅酸型饮用天然矿泉水

傲子峪矿泉水产于清东陵东侧采金坑道之中。１９９４年１１月经河北省矿产储量委员会鉴定，属低钠、锶－偏硅酸型饮用天然矿泉水。该泉水量丰富，动态稳定，环境优美，交通方便，具有良好的开发前景。     

武乡S30井锶—偏硅酸天然矿泉水的形成条件及水质特征

武乡矿泉水赋存于沁水盆地三叠系砂页岩地层中。１９８８年３月经地质矿产部鉴定，达到ＧＢ８５３７－８７国标的要求，属锶—偏硅酸的重碳酸钙镁型矿泉水，开发前景良好。     

榆次西窑饮用天然矿泉水的形成条件及水质特征

矿泉水赋存于沁水向斜北部东翼三叠系砂页岩地层中，１９８７年和１９９３年经山西地矿局和地矿部组织鉴定，水质符合《饮用天然矿泉水》国家标准（ＧＢ８５３７－８７），属含锶－偏硅酸重碳酸－钠钙型矿泉水。Ｙｈ＿１、井、Ｋ＿１井均已开发利用，生产瓶装天然矿泉水和矿泉水系列饮料。     

抚宁大泥河溴－锶－偏硅酸饮用天然矿泉水

经勘察评价和国家级鉴定，抚宁县大泥河村矿泉水属溴－锶－偏硅酸三项达标的复合型饮用天然矿泉水。矿泉水产于隐伏断裂三角部位，大泥河地热异常区边部，地势平坦，环境无污染，交通便利，水质独特，水量丰富，具有综合开发优势。     

沁水孔必轩天然矿泉水水质特征

沁水孔必轩矿泉水位于沁水盆地西部沁河二级阶地上。１９９３年１２月经山西省饮用天然矿泉水技术评审组审查鉴定，符合ＧＢ８５３７－８７的国标要求，属低钠、低矿化度锶矿泉水。建厂开采的资源量是有保证的。     

岩石坚硬程度对核电厂地基-基础地震响应特征的影响分析

考虑核电厂地基-基础的动力相互作用,应用显式动力有限差分法分析了地震作用下极软岩、较软岩、坚硬岩上核电厂建筑结构基础的地震响应特征,比较了岩石坚硬程度对基础加速度反应谱的影响。研究表明：随着岩石坚硬程度的提高,核电厂建筑物结构基础的地震响应有增加的趋势;在周期轴上,基础处的加速度反应谱曲线会随着岩石坚硬程度的提高逐渐向短周期（高频段）方向移动。在高频段,建造于较坚硬岩石上基础结构的加速度反应谱值偏大;在中等频段,建造于较软岩石上基础结构的加速度反应谱值偏大;在低频段,岩石坚硬程度对加速度反应谱的影响不显著。     

Strains of scattering of near-field of a point source

Three dimensional scattering of near-field is studied for dilatation and rotation in the time domain. The perturbation method is applied to solve the equation of motion for the first order scattering from a weak inhomogeneity in an otherwise homogeneous medium. The inhomogeneity is assumed close enough to the point source so that the near-field intermediate wave is dominating over the far-field sphericalP andS pulses. The integral expressions are derived to relate dilatation and rotation of scattering to the radial fluctuations of velocities and density in the inhomogeneity. These integrals are solved to calculate the strains of scattering from (a part of) an inhomogeneous spherical shell of arbitrary curvature. Variable curvature may allow the shape of inhomogeneity volume element to change uniformly from spherical to rectangular. Rotation of scattering from a spherical shell is independent ofP wave velocity inhomogeneity. Dilatation of scattering does not involveS wave velocity inhomogeneity but its gradient. The back scattering results are obtained as a special case. Strains are computed numerically, for hypothetical models to study the effects of various parameters viz., velocity inhomogeneity, distance of source from inhomogeneity and from receiver, and thickness of inhomogeneity. The curvature of the spherical shell is varied to study the effects of the shape of inhomogeneous volume element on scattering.     

土石坝心墙水力劈裂分析

简要分析了水力劈裂的发生条件、力学机理。基于水压楔劈机理,利用有限元方法建立了一种水力劈裂的发生判定方法。该方法假定心墙预先存在局部渗透弱面（裂缝）,通过将裂缝位置的单元材料改为裂缝软材料,考虑库水进入裂缝后对裂缝周围土体的作用,建立水力劈裂分析的平面有限元模型,确定裂缝端部垂直于裂缝面的正应力,进而依据该正应力判断水力劈裂发生的可能性,该方法同时可模拟水力劈裂的发展过程。     

土钉支护失稳分析

某基坑采用复合土钉墙支护,开挖至坑底后,基坑北侧发生失稳事故。本文就其事故发生原因作一探讨。     

地震次生地质灾害风险评估集对态势分析

5．12四川汶川8级强震引发了大量次生地质灾害,加剧了灾情并严重影响抗震救灾。地震次生地质灾害受多重因素制约,其孕育与致灾过程具有不确定性。利用集对分析原理与方法,对地震次生地质灾害进行同异反态势分析,拟定了风险评估的集对分析同一度、差异度、对立度等指标体系的构建原则与赋值标准,对承灾体系统的不确定性及其作用作了刻画与分析,建立了不同风险分区代表性的集对分析联系度表达式,为地震灾害研究提供了可资借鉴的新思路和技术方法。     

Geochemistry of Thermal Waters of Continental Margin of Far East of Russia

Studied waters belong to warm(T=30-50℃),alkaline(pH=8.9-9.3),low mineralized(TDS235 mg/1)Na-HCO_3 or Na-SO_4-HCO_3 thermal waters with high content of SiO_2(up to 81 mg/l)and F(up to 3.9 mg/1),occur on modern volcano-tectonic rejuvenated areas of Eastern Sikhote-Alin orogenic belt.Low~3He concentration as well as N_2/O_2 and N_2/Ar ratios exclude influence of deep mantle fluid.New rare earth element data constrain our understandmg of water-rock interaction occurring in the water source region.Meteoric origin of waters is proved by stable isotope values varying from-71‰to-136.1‰and from-10.8‰to-18.8‰forδ~2U andδ~(18)O respectively.REE patterns reflect high pH,resultfing from water-rock interaction and oxidative conditions.Calculations of deep aquifer temperature using Na-K and quartz geothermometers show 116.8-131.1°C and 82.2-125.8℃respectively.Presence of deep faults both with abnormal thermal gradient(~45-50 K/km)define unique geochemical shape of thermal waters of Sikhote-Alin,area,where no present volcanic activity is registered.     

下扬子区三叠纪古地理演化

下扬子区在三叠纪期间接受了早-中三叠世海相碳酸盐沉积、中-晚三叠世海陆交互相和陆相湖沼沉积.沉积相带的空间分布和古地理格局的变迁明显地受到区域构造的控制.区内盆地发育与演化是在华南板块与扬子板块、扬子板块与华北板块相互作用的背景下进行的.早-中三叠世末期的印支运动是下扬子区构造-古地理格局改变的决定性因素,使下扬子海盆闭合,沉积类型由海相沉积变为陆相沉积.下扬子区三叠纪古地理的演化特征也为板块碰撞提供了沉积证据.     

多年冻土融沉性分类研究

在冻土工程中,冻土的融沉性评价是工程地质勘察的主要内容之一,融沉性分类是冻土地基基础设计施工的重要依据．根据345个冻土原状样品融沉压缩试验数据,提出了细砾、砂土、粉土、黏性土、泥炭化黏性土和泥炭质土等6类土的融沉系数一含水量或融沉系数一超塑含水量线性回归方程式,得到与各融沉性分级相应的界限含水量或界限超塑含水量．最后...     

Kinetics of dehydration of Ca-montmorillonite

Isothermal thermogravimetric experiments have been carried out to determine the reaction kinetics of the dehydration processes in fuller's earth, a natural Ca-montmorillonite. Dehydration in swelling clays is a complex reaction, and analysis of the thermogravimetric data using empirical rate equations and time-transformation analysis reveals that the nature of the rate controlling mechanism is dependent upon both the temperature regime of the sample as well as the extent of reaction. For fuller's earth, we find that the dehydration kinetics are dominated by a nucleation and growth mechanism at low temperatures and fractions transformed (stage I), but above 90 °C the last stages of the reaction are diffusion controlled (stage II). The activation energy for dehydration during stage I is around 35 kJ · mol⁻¹, whereas the removal of water during stage II requires an activation energy of around 50 kJ · mol⁻¹. These two stages of dehydration are associated with primary collapse of the interlayer (stage I) and movement of water that is hydrated to cations within the interlayer (stage II). Received: 28 August 1998 / Revised, accepted: 27 January 1999