三维地震勘探在地裂缝探查中的应用

根据地裂缝改变层状地层的几何结构,破坏地层界面的连续性,引起地球物理场的变化等特征,应用三维地震勘探方法探查地裂缝。以长江三角洲WYGA地区三维地震勘探为例,论述了三维地震探查地裂缝数据采集方法、资料数字处理、资料解释等问题,结果显示,地质效果良好。      

高密度电法在新疆某矿区滑坡勘察中的应用

高密度电法集电测深和电剖面装置于一体,具有观测精度高、数据采集量大、地质信息丰富、生产效率高,以及探测深度较大等特点,在工程地质和水文地质勘查中被广泛应用。这里将高密度电法应用于新疆某矿区的滑坡体调查中,通过该矿区的地质地球物理特征,验证了实施高密度电法调查滑坡体的可行性。采用温纳装置,对矿区内的地层结构、滑床位置及深部地层情况的分析解释,证实了高密度电法应用效果良好,为进一步认识滑坡及其勘察治理提供了地球物理依据。     

地质雷达频率补偿与校正技术

雷达波在地下传播过程中会发生衰减、频散和受到其他干扰的影响,这在一定程度上限制了地质雷达的探测分辨率和最终解释效果。为了降低这些影响,在地层系统响应模型基础之上,通过从原始记录中求取频率补偿与校正因子,既而对原始记录的频谱进行补偿校正,达到改善地质雷达剖面记录,提高探测分辨率的目的。为了更好地了解频率补偿与校正技术的有效性,从原理到应用效果给予了详细的介绍,同时与尖脉冲反褶积的应用效果作比较,进一步说明了频率补偿与校正技术在降噪和提高分辨率处理上的一些技术特点。      

CSAMT采集频率与相位参数在采空区勘查中的应用

在煤矿采空区勘查中,电磁法勘探往往出现浅层盲区,根据电磁波传播原理及Bostick深度关系式,对在不同地层分布区的勘查深度进行了计算。应用表明,合理选择数据采集频率,能够克服浅层盲区;并应用相位参数,多参数分析采空位置,效果明显。对应用可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)探查煤矿采空,具有指导意义,同时介绍了相位参数在调查断裂构造中的应用效果。     

多道瞬态面波法在某高压线路工程地层划分中的应用

山区地形起伏较大,地质条件比较复杂,常规勘探设备不易到达,为更好的解决山区高压线路工程勘察中地层划分问题,可采用多道瞬态面波法,该方法来是近些年新兴的物探勘察方法,其利用面波的频散特性,通过记录不同频率面波的传播速度,来探测不同深度的岩土介质性质,依据实测频散曲线的"Z"字型变化点来划分地岩性变化的分界面,进而划分地层。依据多道瞬态面波法的勘探原理,通过线路工程勘察实例进行野外数据采集,处理及解释,结果显示应用效果良好,能够较为准确的划分地层。     

地质雷达属性分析在浙江良渚莫角山红烧土层探测中的应用

应用地质雷达划分地层的主要依据是地层介质的电性差异,介质间的电性差异越大,地层界面越容易分辨。但在实际雷达探测中,某些介质虽然具有不同的电性参数,但会产生相同或相似的异常信号,这为地层划分工作带来困难。根据钻孔土芯测量出不同地层的电性参数,获取地质雷达探测的前提条件,对良渚遗址群莫角山红烧土遗址进行雷达数据采集,经预处理后分别进行常规数据处理和纹理属性提取分析,对比发现属性分析在地层划分上比常规处理方法更有优势。     

横波地震探测应用实例CSCD

横波与纵波相比,具有速度低、频率低、波长短,且不受地下水影响的优点。因此横波地震勘探可以达到纵波地震勘探所无法达到的分辨率和精确度,能很好地完成对第四纪覆盖物及其下伏基岩探测的任务。这里以汉旺镇某地为例,介绍了横波地震在对浅层地区勘探的数据采集方法以及后期地震资料处理流程,结合相关资料,对浅层地层层面进行了划分,收到了较为理想的效果,从而得出了横波地震勘探技术具有实际可行性和良好的应用发展前景的结论。     

GOCAD三维建模技术在基础工程中的应用研究

随着三维可视化技术的不断发展,在工程建设中应用三维技术立体化地展示工程设计成果成为了可能。文章应用了GOCAD软件在地质方面三维建模的强大功能,以真实工程案例为研究对象,分别了探讨了研究场地的三维工程地质地层模拟、地层属性模拟、场地开挖和地基处理工程桩模拟的快速建模流程及关键技术,并对模拟地层的准确性进行了验证。通过应用实例证明,GOCAD软件具有快速建模,可视化效果良好的特点,能够较真实地反映地层分布情况,能够快速实现基础工程中相关的构件建模,将其应用于岩土工程的勘察设计及施工工作中是切实可行的。     

横波地震探测应用实例

横波与纵波相比,具有速度低、频率低、波长短,且不受地下水影响的优点.因此横波地震勘探可以达到纵波地震勘探所无法达到的分辨率和精确度,能很好地完成对第四纪覆盖物及其下伏基岩探测的任务.这里以汉旺镇某地为例,介绍了横波地震在对浅层地区勘探的数据采集方法以及后期地震资料处理流程,结合相关资料,对浅层地层层面进行了划分,收到了较为理想的效果,从而得出了横波地震勘探技术具有实际可行性和良好的应用发展前景的结论.     

用方差体技术识别小断层及裂隙发育带

为了提高煤田开采的效率,准确、快速地确定断层和裂隙发育带已迫在眉睫。而三维方差体技术突出了地层横向变化对地震道的影响,能够对三维地震地质信息进行提取,还可用于识别断层、裂隙及地层的不连续变化。这里介绍了三维方差体技术的原理及基本算法,并在山东某采区三维地震资料的解释工作中进行了实际应用。结果表明,方差体技术对断层、裂隙发育带等地质异常体具有良好的识别效果。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of