Sustainable development and coastal management of tidal flat in Jiangsu Province, China

ＳＵＳＴＡＩＮＡＢＬＥＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＡＮＤＣＯＡＳＴＡＬＭＡＮＡＧＥＭＥＮＴＯＦＴＩＤＡＬＦＬＡＴＩＮＪＩＡＮＧＳＵＰＲＯＶＩＮＣＥ,ＣＨＩＮＡ①ＨｕａｎｇＱｉａｏｈｕａ（黄巧华）１ＣｈｅｎＦａｎｇ（陈方）１,２ＺｈｕＤａｋｕｉ（朱大奎）１１...     

AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES IN CHINA

China is facing the three major agroenvironment problems, which include: chemical pollution, abnormal ecological balance and natural resource deterioration. These environment problems have depleted part of the comprehensive agricultural productivity and hence become a resistance to the further development of agriculture. A number of measures have been taken for controlling over pollution and ecosystem declining. But for the sustainable development the more efforts are suggested to make, including the more stern measures in the population control, adopting the new techniques of saving natural resources and high efficiency, encouraging a frugal life style as well as paying more attentions to the research on the agricultural environment protection.     

Sustainable development and coastal management of tidal flat in Jiangsu Province, China

With huge area, favorable light, heat and water conditions, rich biological diversity, and a unique ecological system of submarine sand ridges, Jiangsu tidal flat has great significance to its economic development. Based on the geomorphological characteristics, Jiangsu tidal flat is dynamically divided into stable, erosional and accumulative types. In light of resources distribution, evolution rules of Jiangsu tidal flat, existing problems in coastal management, exploitation and utilization, the sustainable development theory is applied to guide the comprehensive exploitation and utilization of tidal flat. Taking different regions with different local conditions in consideration, and in order to make economic development coordinate with local resources and environments, four regional sustainable development models, i.e. (A) Abandoned Huanghe (Yellow) River delta section for salt and aquatic products industries, (B) Sheyang section for reed, aquaculture and rare animal protection, (C) Dafeng and Dongtai section for agricultural comprehensive exploitation, (D) Nantong section for aquaculture and agriculture, are suggested. Meanwhile, the paper takes the guiding ideology of sustainable development to be reflected in modern integrated coastal management and legislation. Supported by Natural Sciences Foundation of Fujian (D 97006) and State Pilot Laboratory of Coast & Island Exploitation, Nanjing University.     

可持续发展与现代化转型

提出社会发展综合动力观 ,揭示精神文化因素是经济社会可持续发展的动力资源和“另一只看不见的手”。分析了可持续发展对现代化理论的扬弃与创新 ,批判了工具文明的弊端及负面效应 ,重审人类共同选择———现代化文明转型的价值尺度和终极目标 ,展望了中国转型的核心、主题和历史归宿 :由农业文明向工具文明、从工业文明向可持续发展文明的双重超越     

湛江观光农业发展研究

观光农业是以农业为依托 ,农业和旅游业相结合的一种新型交叉型的新兴产业。观光农业是随着经济的发展和旅游消费市场的需要而发展的 ,它为人们观光旅游、休闲健身、欣赏田园风光、享受农家乐趣等提供了新的空间场所。分析湛江发展观光农业的资源优势 ,提出了湛江观光农业的发展构想及注意问题 ,对湛江经济文化发展具有重要的意义。     

Resource Utilization Pattern and Development in Hills——A Case for the Pindar Basin of Garhwal Himalaya, India

Agrarian system is well adapted in Himalayan eco-system. Hence, the people have adopted the traditional subsistence cereal farming and it becomes the main stay of Himalayan people. About 80 percent of the workable force is attached with agriculture and its allied practices, according to the census of 1991. Although, horticultural farming runs parallel with agriculture, its proportion in terms of land is quite less, resulted in a negligible place in the economy of the region. Human resources, mainly men are attached with national security after recruitment in Army. While, women play a vital and integrated role in maintaining the workable potential in the field of agriculture and are known as backbone of economy. An animal resource implies foremost and wider part in agricultural system and economy as well Water resources are unutilized yet, while almost all the major rivers of our country are originated from and flowing through this region. Increasing population causes forest resources depletion. The economy of the region is rested either on ‘traditional cereal farming‘ or ‘money order based‘ development, which could not take place due to its remoteness from the main streams of the country. The impactof modern technology with innovation in agricultural system remains impracticable due to unwillingness of people in one hand and on the other hand, adversege ographical conditions like topography, climate etc. which could not permit the uses of modern innovation in the field of agriculture. As for infra-structurally, this region is lacked behind, due to its inaccessibility. While, this region is bestowed with numerous rivers, many places for tourists and pilgrims, and huge forest resources. They might be used evenly in thedevelopment processes. The practice of tourism will help for the further development, particularly, in the wake of the newly born state, Uttaranchal. The present paper aims to evaluate the present potentiality of resources and their balanced utilization in the Pindar Basin. A precise study has been done on resource utilization, ecology and environment with keeping view in mind that more or less exploitation of resources could not influence the environment and the economy of the region.     

Assessment of Sustainable Development System in Suihua City, China

Sustainable development is a complex and systemic issue. It is essential to study it by the component analysis method from the view of system science. The urban developmental sustainability is one of focuses that people has paid more attention to, however, little common understanding how to measure and evaluate the sustainability has been gotten. In this paper, a framework is designed to evaluate the developmental sustainability of Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province in China from the aspects of economy, society, population, resources and environment. We adopt the Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to decrease dimensions and simplify the original indexes into 12 indexes. Also, the hierarchy and comprehensive multiple-criterion evaluative methods are employed to assess the sustainable development system in Suihua City. Then, the weights of indexes are attained by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Furthermore, urban comprehensive development level, developmental sustainability, coordinate degree are calculated and analyzed. By analyzing, we know the fluctuation of development level of subsystem, especially resources and environment subsystem, is acute. The comprehensive development level of sustainable development system in Suihua has been on the rise since 1999. That results from the effect of traditional economic development mode with high energy-consumed being decreased in the city after 1999. At the same time, it is obvious that there was an instability of development level in Suihua City during 1990-2002, with a turn in 1998, and the development could be sustainable, the status trend was more harmonious in 1999-2002.     

北京休闲农业与乡村旅游发展研究

休闲农业与乡村旅游在我国已经有20多年的发展历史。北京作为最早开始发展休闲农业与乡村旅游的城市,具备良好的农业资源条件和旅游发展环境。至2007年底,北京全市实际经营的农业观光园达到1302个,观光园总收入13.1亿元,农业观光园和民俗旅游户接待人数达到2614.4万人次,休闲农业与乡村旅游的发展呈现勃勃生机。目前北京休闲农业与乡村旅游发展主要有农业观光休闲、民俗文化休闲、休闲度假三大类型;地域布局呈现近郊、中郊平原区、远郊山区三大圈层结构;与风景旅游区相结合,形成十大发展基地。"十一五"期间,北京市提出重点打造五条农业精品旅游专线,必将进一步推进观光休闲农业与乡村旅游的健康发展。本文从发展条件、发展现状和特点、发展布局、旅游线路组织等几个方面,对北京市休闲农业与乡村旅游的发展进行了全面、系统的分析和总结,并在此基础上提出了北京市休闲农业与乡村旅游发展对策与建议:合理布局、科学管理、加大投入、强化培训、加强法律保障。     

基于WebGIS的生态农业监测与决策支持系统设计——以云南省红河州烟草种植业为例

烟草种植业是唯一在我国第一产业中实现了类似于工业生产中的完全受控管理的行业,在生产管理中大量运用了工业企业的科学管理模式,因此该行业在第一产业中最有可能利用现代信息技术支持和实现数字化管理,本文以云南省红河州烟草种植生态农业示范区为例,设计并实现一个基于WebGIS的农业生态监测与决策支持系统,促进了红河州烟草种植行业的信息化,并为烟草行业发展循环经济,实现可持续发展提供强有力的技术支撑。     

东营市东营区土地管理现状及可持续开发对策

随着黄河三角洲高效生态经济区上升为国家战略,对土地管理特别是与黄河三角洲开发建设形势相适应的土地开发提出了新的更高要求,东营区作为东营市"四区一城"建设的重要组成部分,按照高效生态的发展方向推进土地资源可持续开发,该文论述了东营区土地管理的现状及主要做法,立足黄河三角洲高效生态经济区建设,提出了推动东营区土地资源可持续开发的对策与措施。     

STAGES AND POTENTIALITY OF WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT INARID NORTHWESTERN CHINA

The processes of water resources exploitation and utilization can be divided into three stages by water resources transformation, and the history, present situation and future trend of water resources development in piedmont areas around high mountains of arid northwestern China. The three stages are: the stage of surface water development (the first stage), the stage of comprehensive development of surface and ground water (the second stage) and the stage of economical development of water resources (the third stage). The three stages link each other and show the law and processes of water resources exploitation and utilization associated with social and technological progress. The economical water policy should run through the three stages. On this point, however, the third stage differs from the others, particularly, refering to irrigated agriculture. The third stage has more progressive significance because it breaks the traditional ideas on water resources development. According to our investigation and calculation, under present conditions of water resources development, the net used water is about 160 × 10⁸ m³, accounting for 18% of the total water resources of northwestern China. The water resources have not been fully developed. If the first stage is finished, the exploitable water can be increased by 91%. After the second stage, furthermore, it can be increased by 216%. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

澳门地质旅游资源的形成与开发

澳门是以博彩业而闻名的旅游城市,但它也拥有独特的地质旅游资源。如以岩洞、大石蛋为主的岩体景观和以红树林为主的海岸景观等。澳门地质旅游资源是构造、岩浆、海岸侵蚀等多种地质作用的产物,因而不仅具有观赏性,还具有科学考察意义。今后,应主要开发黑沙湾、红树林海岸及多种山地,造就山海岩林融为一体的天涯海角旅游胜地。     

“一带一路”经济走廊资源环境信息开发利用研究进展与展望

六大经济走廊是“一带一路”倡议的战略支柱,该区域横跨亚、欧、非大陆,涉及国家众多,地理条件千差万别,资源环境本底复杂。通过对沿线区域资源环境信息进行系统性、全面性的揭示,能够为科学推进“一带一路”倡议实施提供至关重要的决策支持作用。本文提出了面向协同创新的“一带一路”空间信息服务系统框架,综述了“一带一路”经济走廊地区在资源环境信息开发利用进展,具体包括资源环境格局与时空演变、联合国可持续发展目标监测与评价、防灾减灾知识服务关键技术应用、资源环境信息集成与共享、新冠疫情对经济社会发展影响,进而展望了其发展趋势和潜在的研究方向,为“一带一路”经济走廊的可持续发展提供决策支持。     

STUDY ON THE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS IN CHINA

ＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＴＨＥＳＰＡＴＩＡＬＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＯＦＲＵＲＡＬＡＲＥＡＳＩＮＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＺｅｎｇＪｕｘｉｎ（曾菊新）（ＤｅｐｏｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＨｕａｚｈｏｎｇＮｏｒｍａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｗｕｈａｎ４３００７０，ＰＲＣ...     

城市应急管理GIS模型与算法应用——以广州大学城为例

随着城市建设的快速发展,各类危及国家和人民群众生命财产安全的突发性事故灾害时有发生.因此,为应对城市各种重大突发事件,城市必须建立一种应急机制或综合的应急管理信息系统.管道分析是GIS技术在城市应急管理模型中的具体应用,利用城市应急管理系统对地下网管进行综合管理,可以将管线信息有序的存入计算机管理系统,实现数据的更新和资源共享.本文以广州大学城管道数据为数据研究基础,结合国内外管网数据模型,在先前开发完成的广州大学城可视化平台基础上加入横断面分析、垂距分析和爆管分析三个分析模块,对管网模型进行了算法改进并编程进行了技术实现,这三个功能模块可以直观地让管理员清晰地了解地下管线的走向和它们之间的空间关系,方便管理各种事务,防止和控制突发事件的发生,尽可能地减少灾害的影响范围.这三个功能可以应用于管道设计、铺设、维修等工作,对社会的经济发展和建设起着保障的作用.     

农业循环经济发展的热点领域与技术

目前,在我国农业实施循环经济已具备了切实的经济保障,但针对中国农业所面临的现状和主要技术性障碍,依然存在困难。本文在此背景之下,阐述了农业循环经济的内涵,并提出发展农业循环经济需要依靠的主要技术领域,同时指出环境保护、新能源开发、生物技术和节水农业等基础学科的发展对于实施农业循环经济的重要意义。     

SUSPENDING VILLAGE" A MODEL OF NEW DEVELOPMENT AREA IN THE NINGXIA HUI AUTONOMOUS REGION OF CHINA

The southern part of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in China was infamous for its poverty and serious soil erosion caused by over population. In order to alleviate poverty and backwardness, a plan was worked out: to remove 200,000 people to the north plain by developing newly irrigated land during the period of 1983-1992. The plan has been in operation for eight and half years to date. About 200,000 people have been removed from the poor southern part to the newly developed area, and 800,000 mu (1/ 15 ha) of desert land has been cultivated. Most of the migrants have been lifted out of poverty and the people's life in the south is being improved. During the immigration process, a model, called "Suspending Village", has been developed. In the article, the whole process of the development and the strategies are discussed.     

土地质量地球化学评价数据库建库方法探讨——以章丘市刁镇和辛寨镇为例

土地质量地球化学评价数据库是以土壤地球化学调查为主,同时开展大气干(湿)沉降物、灌溉水、化肥及农作物等介质的地球化学调查数据和分析数据资料为基础,利用MapGIS软件管理编制成果图件;利用Access数据库管理规范成果数据;利用中国地调局发展研究中心下发的《土地质量地球化学调查与评价数据录入子系统》将数据资料数字化,从而建立评价数据库。数据库内容包括区域地理地质、地形地貌、土壤类型及土地利用等基础空间数据库;包括采样介质的工作区采样布置、单元素地球化学图、土壤元素分级图及大气环境、灌溉水环境、土壤质量、土地质量综合等级图为核心的空间评价数据库;包括土地规划图、特色农产品种植规划建议图、施肥建议图等各种成果图件。数据库实现了对样品及相应的众多的化验分析数据的科学有效的管理,便于数据的统一保存、分析和使用,为评价区土地质量地球化学调查评价和总体综合研究提供了基础资料,为促进农业经济规划调整,现代绿色农业发展和优化、特色土地资源开发与利用提供重要依据。     

DEVELOPMENT, TERRITORIAL DIFFERENCE AND SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF TOWNS IN CHINA

ＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴ，ＴＥＲＲＩＴＯＲＩＡＬＤＩＦＦＥＲＥＮＣＥＡＮＤＳＰＡＴＩＡＬＥＶＯＬＵＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＯＷＮＳＩＮＣＨＩＮＡ──ＡＤＩＳＣＵＳＳＩＯＮＯＮＴＨＥＶＩＥＷＳＯＦＡＮＴＩ－ＵＲＢＡＮＩＳＭＩＮＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＧｕＣｈａｏｌｉｎＩｎｓｔ...     

肥城市采煤塌陷区治理模式探索研究

肥城煤田作为国家重要能源基地,开发历史悠久,为我国高速发展的国民经济做出了巨大贡献。但长期开采导致塌陷范围广、深度大、积水严重,生态环境遭受严重破坏,给矿区群众的生产生活带来严重影响。该文总结了目前普及化程度较高的采煤塌陷区治理模式,以此为基础,对肥城市采煤塌陷区按照因地制宜的原则,通过分析研究、归纳得出适应于肥城市采煤塌陷区四种不同的治理模式,分别为:土地复垦治理模式、“渔业+农业”治理模式、生态修复治理模式、综合治理模式,并对四种治理模式进行了阐述分析,对今后肥城市采煤塌陷区治理起到借鉴和指导作用。